GE 258 CH 5
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| Body temperature regulation is accomplished by: | dilation (cooling) and contriction (warming) of dermal vessels
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| Metabolic function of the Integumentary System: | Synthesis of vitamin D in dermal blood vessels
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| Excretion of the Integumentary system involves: | limited amounts of nitrogenous waste are eliminated through sweat
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| Three major region of the skin | epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
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| outermost superficial region of the skin | epidermis
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| middle region of the skin | dermis
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| deepest region (superficial fascia) of the skin | hypodermis
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| region of the skin composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, consisting of four distinct cells types and four or five layers | epidermis
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| cell types of the epidermis skin include | keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans' cell
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| cell type of the epidermis that produce the fibrous protein keratin | keratinocytes
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| cell type of the epidermis that produce the brown pigment melanin | melanocyte
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| cell type of the epidermis that is the epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system | Langerhan' cells
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| cell type of the epidermis that funtion as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings | Merkel cells
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| Layers of the epidermis include: superficial to deep | stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratus spinosum, stratum basale
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| layer of the epidermis that is the deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis | stratum basale (basal layer)
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| layer of the epidermis that consist of a single row of the youngest keratinocytes | stratum basale (basal layer)
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| layer of the epidermis in which cells undergo rapid division | stratum basale (basal layer)
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| layer of the epidermis where cells contain a web-like system of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes | stratum spinosum (prickly layer)
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| layer of the epidermis that contain an abundant layer of melanin granules and Langerhans' cells | stratum spinosum (prickly layer)
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| layer of the epidermis that is thin; three to five cells layers in which drastic changes in keratinocyte appearance occurs | stratum granulosum (granular layer)
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| layer of the epidermis that accumulate keratohyaline and lamellated granules in the cells | startum granulosum (granular layer)
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| layer of the epidermis that is thin, transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum | stratum lucidum (clear layer)
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| layer of the epidermis that consist of few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes | startum lucidum (clear layer)
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| layer of the epidermis that is present only in thick skin | startum lucidum (clear layer)
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| layer of the epidermis that is the outermost layer of keratinized cells | stratum corneum (horny layer)
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| layer of the epidermis that accounts for three quarters of the epidermal thickness | stratum corneum (horny layer)
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| layer of the epidermis that function in waterpoofing and protecting | stratum corneum (horny layer)
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| layer of the skin that is the second major skin region containing strong, flexible connective tissue | dermis
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| layer of the skin in which cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally mast cells and white blood cells | dermis
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| layer of the skin that composes of two layers-papillary and reticular | dermis
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| the two layers of the dermis is | papillary and reticular
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| layer of the dermis that contains areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers | papillary layer
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| layer of the dermis that its superior surface conatins peg-like projections called dermal papillae | papillary layer
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| layer of the dermis that has dermal papillae containing capillary loops, Meissner's corpuscles, and free nerve endings | papillary layer
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| layer of the dermis that has meissner's corpuscles | papillary layer
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| mechanoreceptor specialized for light touch | meissner's corpuscles
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| layer of the dermis that accounts for approx. 80% of the thickness of the skin | reticular layer
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| layer of the dermis that contain collagen fibers adding strength and resiliency to the skin | reticular layer
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| results from extreme stretching of the skin | stretch marks
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| silvery white scars that result from dermal tearing | striae
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| layer of the skin that is the subcutaneous layer deep to the skin | hypodermis
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| layer of the skin that compose of adipose and areolar connective tissue | hypodermis
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| three pigments contribute to skin color | melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
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| skin pigment that is yellow to reddis-brown to black pigment, responsible for dark skin colors | melanin
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| result from local accumulation of _______ producing freckles and pigmented moles | melanin
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| skin pigment that is yellow to orange pigment, most obvious in palms and soles of the feet | carotene
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| reddish pigment responsible for the pinkish hue of the skin | hemoglobin
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| different types of _____ prevent overheating of the body | sweat glands (sudoriferous)
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| secrete cerumen and milk | sweat glands (sudoriferous)
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| gland found in palms, soles of the feet and forehead | eccrine sweat gland
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| most numerous type of sweat gland | eccrine sweat gland
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| gland found in axillary and anogenital areas | apocrine sweat gland
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| modified apocrine glands in external ear canal that secrete cerument | ceruminous gland
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| specialized sweat glands that secrete milk | mammary gland
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| simple alveolar gland found all over the body | sebaceous gland
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| gland that soften skin when stimulated by hormones | sebaceous gland
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| gland that secrete an oily secretion called sebum | sebaceous gland
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| filamentous stands of dead keratinized cells produced by hair follicles | hair
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| contain harden keratin which is tougher and more durable than soft keratin of the skin | hair
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| made up of the shaft projecting from the skin, and the root embedded in the skin | hair
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| consist of a core, called the medulla, a cortex and an outermost cuticle | hair
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| pigmented by melanocytes at the base | hair
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| type of hair that is pale, fine body hair found in children and the adult female | vellus
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| type of hair that is coarse, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, axillary, and pubic region | terminal
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| hair thinning in both sexes | alopecia
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| scale-like midification of the epidermis on the distal, dorsal surface of fingers and toes | nails
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| a crucial risk factor for nonmelanoma skin cancers is the disabling of the _____ gene | p53
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| Three major types of skin cancer are | basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma
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| least malignant and most common skin cancer | basal cell carcinoma
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| stratum basale cells proliferate and invade the dermis and hypodermis | basal cell carcinoma
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| slow growing and do not often metastasize | basal cell carcinoma
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| arises from keratinocytes of startum spinosum | squamous cells carcinoma
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| arise most often on scalp, ears, and lower lip | squamous cells carcinoma
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| grows rapidly and metasitasizes if no removed | squamous cell carcinoma
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| highly metastatic type of cancer | melanoma
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| _____ degree of burn in which only the epidermis is damaged | First
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| _____ degree of burn in which symptoms include localized redness, swelling, and pain | First
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| _____ degree of burn in which epidermis and upper regions of dermis are damaged | Second
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| _____ degree of burn in which symptoms include mimic of first degree burns, but blisters appear | Second
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| _____ degree of burn in which entire thickness of the skin is damaged | Third
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| _____ degree of burn in which symptoms include burned area appears gray-white, cherry red, or black, there is no initial edema or pain | Third
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| Burn is considered critical if over 25% of body has | second-degree burn
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| Burn is considered critical if over 10% of body has | third-degree burn
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| primary cause of death in burn victims are | skin infection
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