Intro Exam Worksheet
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Word parts that come at the beginning of words | prefixes
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| Word parts that come at the end of words | suffixes
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| From which direction are medical terms broken down? | Right to left
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| What is a word root | basic meaning of the word
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| What is a combining form | a word root and vowel
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| When do you use the combining forms vowel when adding suffixes | when suffix begins with a consonant
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| List 4 major elements of which the body is made | oxygen; hydrogen; carbon; nitrogen
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| What is the basic structural unit of the body | cell
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| What is the diaphragm | Muscle of respiration that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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| What is the mediastinum | space between lungs,
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| organs in the mediastinum | heart; esophagus; trachea; and great vessels
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| Encloses the cell, semipermeable, regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell | cell or plasma membrane
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| Fluid inside cell, contains nutrients, waste products, etc. that cell need to maintain proper environment | cytoplasm
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| Round body inside cell, "control center" of cell, contains cell instructions | nucleus
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| What is karyotyping | classification of chromosomes by size and arrangement
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| How many chromosomes are there | 23 pair or 46 total
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| Round body inside the nucleus, thought to be involved in RNA production | nucleolus
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| "Power plant" of the cell, breaks down fuel to make energy | mitochondria
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| Network of tubes and channels that transports materials from one part of the cell to another | endoplasmic reticulum
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| what does epithelial tissue do | protects and lubricates
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| what does connective tissue do | connect, join, supports other tissue
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| what does muscle tissue do | contracts enabling movement
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| what does nervous tissue do | conducts electrical impulses
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| Which systems have organs that are all lined with mucous membranes (epithelial tissue) | respiratory; reproductive; digestive; and urinary
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| The 3 serous membranes that line body cavities and their location | pleura-covers lungs and lines thoracic cavity
pericardium- covers heart, lines pericardial cavity
peritoneum- covers abdominopelvic organs, lines abdominopelvic cavity
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| Which type of tissue forms skin and mucous and serous membranes | epithelial
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| Which type of tissue forms bone, fascia, blood, tendons and fat | connective
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| Which type of tissue contracts enabling movement | muscle
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| Which type of tissue relays electrical impulses | nervous
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| Name 3 types of muscle | skeletal, cardiac, smooth or visceral
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| function of skeletal muscle | attached to bones, voluntary and striated
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| function of cardiac muscle | found in the heart, involuntary and striated
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| function of smooth or visceral muscle | found in internal organs, involuntary and non-striated
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| Define tissue | groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function
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| Define organ | two or more different tissues working together to perform a complex function or common goal
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| Define system | groups of organs working together to perform a complex function or common goal
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| Define homeostasis | The bodies automatic tendency to maintain a constant environment or steady state
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| Define nutrient | any useful substance
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| Define energy | the ability to do work
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| Define metabolism | sum total of all chemical reactions that take place in the body
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| Which phase is the "building up" phase and uses energy | anabolism
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| Which phase is the "breaking down" phase and produces energy | catabolism
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| Osmosis | The movement of water from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration
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| Diffusion | The movement of particles from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
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| What is the difference between diffusion and active transport | Active requires assistance and uses energy
Particles are moved against the concentration gradient
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| Function of integumentary system | protection, excretion, respiration
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| Function of skeletal system | framework and support
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| Function of muscle system | movement by way of contraction
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| Function of digestive (gastrointestinal) system | digestion, absorption, elimination
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| Nervous system | provides communication throughout the body
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| Endocrine system | controls, initiate, regulates all body activity (mate to the nervous system)
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| Reproductive system | propagation of the human race
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| Serous membranes | Body cavities are lined with this
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| Serous fluid | Body cavities are known to produce this slippery substance that serves to protect tissues
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| 1.5 L | Serous membranes produce this much fluid each day.
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| Serous fluid | Serves to protect and cushion the organs enclosed within
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| Connective tissue | The most abundant connective tissue in the body
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| Joins, connects and supports | The main purpose of the connective tissue
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| Fibroblasts | Bind, connect, make scar tissue
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| Macrophage | Eat and devour
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| Mast cells | Part of inflammatory process. Produces histamine and heparin
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| Plasma cells | Makes antibodies (immune system)
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| Adipocytes | Insulates, cushions, provides energy
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| Gel-like fluid that suspend connective tissue cells | Ground substance or matrix
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| Connective tissue fibers | Collagen, reticular, elastin,
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| Collagen | Very strong, resilient and flexible. Strongest and largest of fibers, rope like
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| Reticular | Mesh like, adhere skin to underlying structures
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| Elastin | Very strong. Can stretch and return to original state
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| Most rigid and dense of connective tissue | Bone
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| Most liquid of connective tissue | Blood
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| Connective tissue known for storing available energy called fat | Adipose
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| Loose aereolar | Connective tissue that binds the skin to the underlying structures
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| Dense fibrous | Connective tissue that makes up the tendons and ligaments of the body
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| Elastin | Connective tissue that surrounds the muscles and blood vessels
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| Cartilage | Connective tissue that protects the ends of all bones
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| Tensegrity | Ability to move in all directions, hold tension
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| Thixotropic | When agitated it liquifies
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| Petrosage, friction | How does a MT use thixotropic properties
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| Piezoelectricity | Electrical current within collagen of the connective tissue
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| Acupuncture | Bodywork modalities that engage piezoelectricity
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| Connective tissue | What is fascia
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| Neuron, neuroglia | Two types of nervous cells
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| Neuron | Conducts electricity
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| Neuroglia | No impulses, supports nervous cells
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| 2 divisions of the nervous system | Central, peripheral
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| Brain , spinal cord | Structures within the CNS
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| Spinal and cranial | Structures within the PNS
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| 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system | Sympathetic, parasympathetic
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| Chi, Prana | Eastern medicine that gives concept of the life force that flows through us
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| Meridians, channels | Chinese medicine uses these to tap into life force and correct imbalance
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| 12 Meridians | Lung, lg intestine, stomach, spleen/pancreas, heart, sm intestine, bladder, kidney, heart Governor, triple warmer, gall bladder, liver
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| Yin | Negative charge, dark side, parasympathetic, female
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| Yang | Sympathetic, positive, light side, male
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| Yin organs | Liver, spleen, pancreas, brain
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| Yang organs | Hollow organs, heart, lungs
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| Five elements | Fire, earth, metal, water, wood
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| Ayurveda | Right living/knowledge. This form of energy medicine uses the 5 elements in combination to form the dosha
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| Wheel of life | Chakras
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| 7 Chakras | Base, saccral, solar plexus, heart, throat, third eye, crown
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| Nerve plexus | Chakras are closely related to the nervous systems what?
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| Energy field is composed of | Physical body, etheric body, emotional body, mental body, spiritual body. These fields are called the aura
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| Integumentary | Covers and protects, respiration and excretion
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| Skeletal | Supports structure and framework
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| Reproductive | Propogation of life
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