chapter 12 blood
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| erythr- | red
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| leuko- | white
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| thromb- | clot
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| hem- | red
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| hepat- | liver
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| hem- | blood
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| hepatic | liver
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| hematopoises | blood formation
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| hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding
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| oxyhemoglobin | hemoglobin carry O2
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| carbaminohemoglobin | hemoglobin carry CO2
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| osmosis | flow of water high to low concentration
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| agglutination | clumping of RBC
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| antigens | protein markers in cell membrane, stimulate antibody production
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| antigen | make foreign material
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| antibodies | kill foreign material
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| antibodies | protein made by lymphocytes in response to stimulation of an antigen
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| blood physiology | body temperture
transportation
homeostasis
hemostasis
immunity
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| blood body temperature | maintenance
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| blood transportaion | nutrients, gases, waste, hormones, heat
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| blood homeostasis | maintenance & interstitial fluid balance
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| blood hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding, clot formation
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| blood immunity | protection against foreign invaders,
general and specific
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| immunity | carries WBC
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| whole blood | 5 liters
connective tissue
45% living cells
55% plasma
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| plasma | serum
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| plasma in blood | 55%
pH 7.35-7.45
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| water in blood | 92%
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| protein in blood | most synthesized in liver
albumins
globulins
fibrinogen
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| albumins | 60%, function to maintain osmosis
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| globulins | 36%, antibodies found here
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| fibrinogen | 4%, coagulation, missing in serum
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| gases in blood | O2, CO2
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| nutrients in blood | glucose, amino acids, fatty acids
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| MPN substances | contain N not proteins, waste, uric acid, BUN, creatine
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| in source | blood in
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| out source | waste out
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| fatty acids break down | ketone bodies
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| carbs break down | CO2
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| RBC break down | bilirubin
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| RBC #1 job | carry oxygen
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| hemoglobin red color due | Fe
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| phils all have | cytoplasmic granules
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| waste | uric acid, BUN, creatine
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| RNA breakdown | uric acid
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| BUN | urea
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| BUN breakdown | protein
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| creatine breakdown | protein
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| electrolytes | ions, Na, K, Cl
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| etc | vitamins & hormones
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| living cells | formed elements
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| formed elements | 45%
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| RBC | biconcave, 1 min o heart and back
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| RBC | transports O2, oxyhemoglobin, felxible, protein
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| no nucleus hemoglobin | heme (Fe) + globin
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| Fe + biliverdin | bilirubin erythroprotein
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| RBC | Vit B12, folic acid, GH, T4
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| T4 | thyroxine
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| thyroxine | produced in sternum, ribs & coxa
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| erythropetin | distance athletes
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| WBC | general & specific immunity
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| 5 major WBC | neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
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| #1 | neutrophils
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| #2 | lymphocytes
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| #3 | monocytes
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| #4 | eosinophils
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| #5 | basophils
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| light purple granules | neutrophils
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| deep red granules | eosinophils
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| deep purple granules |
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| largest cell | monocyte
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| specific immunity | lymphocyte
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| phagocytosis of small particles | neutrophils #1
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| allergies, parasite destruction | eosinophils #4
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| parasite | tapeworms, pinworms, hookworms
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| histamine | promotes inflammation
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| heparin | inhibits blood clotting
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| histamine & heparin | basophils #5
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| phagocytosis of large particles, macrophages | monocytes #3
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| T & B | lymphocytes #2
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| produce antibodes | B lymphocytes
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| platelets | cytoplasmic fragments
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| thrombocytes | platelets
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| platelets contain | organelles
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| platelets do not contain | nucleus
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| cell fragaments of cytoplasm of larger cells | platelets
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| thrombocytes form | platelet plugs
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| platelets release | chemicals initiate clot formation
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| 2 jobs in coagulation | platelet plug
chemical initiate clot formation
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| hand 2 hand combat to specific invader (AIDS helper) | T lymphocyte
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| platelet plug | stage I
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| coagulation | stage II
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| hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding
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| positive feedback system | hemostasis
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| Blood Vessel Spasm | vasoconstriction blood vessel walls
slowing blood flow
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| Platelet Plug Formation | platelet adhesion
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| blood vessel spasm | platelet plug>blood clot
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| blood clot | platelet plug>blood vessel spasm
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| blood coagulation | Ca required
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| BPB | blood vessel spasm
platelet plug
blood clot
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| Boy Penis Boy | blood vessel spasm
platelet plug
blood clot
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| PTFFC | prothrombin
thrombin
fibrinogen
fibrin
clot
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| activator | Ca
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| prothrombin>thrombin | Ca activator
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| fibrinogen>fibrin | Ca activator
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| place the free food close |
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| tissue damage releases | tissue thromboplastin
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| prothrombin activator converts | prothrombin to thrombin
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| thrombin fragmenst | fibrinogen to fibrin
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| fibrin long threads | clot
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| blood groups | 24+ different blood types
presence or absence antigens
antigens inherited
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| universal donors | RBC & plasma
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| universal recipients | RBC & plasma
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| ABO system | antibodies and antigens found
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| type A,B,AB,O | ABO system
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| Rh system | D system
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| D system | antigen and antibody involved
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| Rh | D
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| D | positive/negative
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| antigen | protein marker
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| cells natural occuring | A,B,AB,O
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| plasma | antiB,antiA,O,antiA/antiB
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| universal donor for plasma | TypeAB
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| universal donor for blood | TypeO
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| typeAB can receive | anyones blood
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| antiA/antiB can receive | anyones plasma
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| typeA | antiB
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| typeB | antiA
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| typeAB | open
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| typeO | antiA/antiB
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| sickle cell | disease & trait
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| thalassemia | hereditary hemolytic anemia
thin fragile RBC
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| leukemia | myeloid/lymphoid
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| leukocytosis | increase # WBC
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| leukopenia | decrease # WBC
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| hemophilia | lack of factor8/AIDS
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| von willebrand disease | lack of factor9/christmas factor
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| blood transfusion reactions | mismatched blood types
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| thrombosis(thrombus) | stationary clot
blood clot abnormally forming in vessel & stays put
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| embolism(embolus) | clot on move
clot dislodged & moving
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| purpura | spontaneous bleeding from capillaries or small blood vessels into tissues
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| edema | escaped plasma from blood vessels into interstitial spaces
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| hemolytic disease of the newborn(fetus) | Rh factor
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| erthroblastosis fetalis | Rh factor
RhoGAM prevention
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| hypoxia>cyanotic | bluish skin
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| jaundice | yellow
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| blood | connective tissue
RBC
WBC
platelets suspended in liquid
plasma
extracellular matrix
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| transports substances between bodycells & external environment | blood
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| blood helps | maintain stable internal environment
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| blood separated into | formed elements & liquid prtions
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| formed elements | RBC
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| liquid plasma | water,gases,nutrients,hormones,electrolytes & cellular wastes
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| blood volume varies | body size,fluid,electrolyte balance,adipose tissue content
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| RBC | concave discs w/ shapes increase surface area
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| contain hemoglobin, combine with oxygen | red blood cells
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| red blood cell counts | = # cells per microliter of blood
4-6 million cells
determines oxygen carrying capacity of blood
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| used to diagnose & evaluate courses of certain diseases | red blood cell counts
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| health | # RBC remains stable
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| red bone marrow | produces RBC
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| erythropoietin | controls rate of RBC formation by negative feedback
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| hemoglobin synthesis requires | iron
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| vitamin B12 & folic acid influences | RBC production
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| macrophages in liver & spleen | phagocytize damaged RBC
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| hemoglobin release | biliverdin & bilirubin pigments
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| destruction of RBC | hemoglobin molecules decompose & iron recycled
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| WBC develop from | hemocytoblasts in red bone marrow
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| granulocytes | neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
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| agranulocytes | monocytes & lymphocytes
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| neutrophils & monocytes | phagocytize foreign particles
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| eosinophils | kill parasites
help control inflammation
allergic reactions
🗑
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| basophils | release heparin & histamine
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| heparin | inhibits blood clotting
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| histamine | increase blood flow to injured tissues
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| lymphocytes | produce antibodies
attack specific foreign substances
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| white blood cell counts | 4,500-10,000 cells per microliter of blood
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| # WBC vary | infections
emotional disturbances
excessive body fluid loss
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| differential WBC count | indicates various types of leukocyte percentages
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| blood platelets | fragments of giant cells
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| developed in red marrow in response to thrombpoietn | blood platelets
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| normal platelet count | 130,000-360,000 platelets per microliter of blood
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| platelets help | close breaks in blood vessels
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| plasma | transports gases & nutrients
help regulate fluid
electrolyte balance
help stable pH
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| plasma proteins | remain in blood/interstitail fluid
energy source
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| 3 major plasma protein | albumin
globulin
fibrinogen
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| help maintain colloid osmotic pressure | albumin
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| transport lipid fat-soluble vitamins antibodies that provide immunity | globulin
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| functions in blood clotting | fibrinogen
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| gases in plasma | O,CO2,N
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| plasma nutrients | simple sugars
amino acids
lipids
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| SPF (sugar protein fat) | plasma nutrients
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| liver stores glucose as glycogen | release glucose when blood glucose concentration fails
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| amino acids used to synthesize proteins | deaminated for energy source
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| lipoproteins | function in transport of lipids
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| nonprotein nitrogenous bases | molecules contain nitrogen atoms
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| nonprotein nitrogenous substances | amino acids
urea
uric acid
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| plasma electrolytes | ions of sodium,k,Ca,Mg,Cl(chlorine),bicarbonate,PO(phosphate),SO(sulfate)
🗑
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| bicarbonate ions | maintain osmotic pressure & pH of plasma
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| hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding
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| blood vessel spasm | smooth muscles in blood vessel walls reflexly contract following injury
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| platelets release serotonin | stimulate vasoconstriction
help maintain vessel spasm
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| vasoconstriction | narrowing of blood vessels resulting from contraction of muscular wall of the vessels
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| platelet plug formation | adhere to rough surfaces & exposed collagen
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| platelets adhere to each other at injury sites | form platelet plugs in broken vessels
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| blood cotting most effective | form of hemostasis
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| clot formation depends | balance between factors that promote & inhibit clotting
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| coagulation basic event | conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
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| biochemicals promote clotting | prothrombin activator, prothrombin,calcium ions
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| thrombus | abnormal blood clot in vessel
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| embolus | clot or fragment of clot moves in vessel
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| blood can be typed | based on cell surface antigens
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| agglutination | clumping RBC, following transfusion reaction
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| RBC membrane | contain specific antigens
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| blood plasma | contain antibodies against certain antigens
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| ABO blood group | blood grouped to presence/absence of antigensA/B
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| mixing RBC that contain an antigen w/ plasma containing corresponding antibody | adverse transfusion reaction
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| Rh antigen present | on RBC membranes of Rh positive blood
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| Rh antigen absent | in Rh-negative blood
🗑
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| mixing Rh-positive RBC w/ plasma containing anti-Rh antibodies | agglutinates the positive cells
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| anti-Rh antibodies in maternal blood may cross placental tissues | react w/ RBC of Rh-positive fetus
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| major functions of blood include | nutrient,hormone,oxygen,waste transport,help maintain stability of interstitial fluid, heat distribution
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| formed elements in blood are | white blood cells(leukocytes), red blood cells(erythrocytes) and platelets(thrombocytes)
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| the liquid portion of blood | plasma
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| describe a red blood cell | biconcave discs
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| contrast oxyhemoglobin & deoxyhemoglobin | oxy-bright red, rich in oxygen
deoxy-dark blue, released oxygen
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| dietary factors affecting RBC production | vitamin B12,folic acid,iron
🗑
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| 5 leukocytes types | neutrophils,eosinophils,basophils,monocytes,lymphocytes
🗑
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| NEBML (Never Eat Bowel Movement Later) | neutrophils
esinophils
basophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
🗑
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| neurto & mono | phagocytize foreign particles
🗑
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| eisoino | kill parasites,control inflammation,llergic reactions
🗑
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| baso | release heparin/histamine
🗑
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| lymph | produce antibodies that attack specific foreign substances
🗑
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| platelets/thrombocytes | fragments of megakarocytes that function in hormone thrombopoietin
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| the most abundant component of plasma | 92% water
🗑
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| 3 types of plasma proteins | fibrinogen,albumin,globulin
🗑
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| FGA (Fuck4 Good36 Ass60) | fibrinogen,albumin,globulin
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| albumins | 60% function to maintain osmosis
🗑
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| globulins | 36% antibodies found here
🗑
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| fibrinogen | 4% coagulation missing in serum
🗑
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| nutrients & gases in plasma | vitamins & hormones:
amino acids,simple sugars,nucleotides,lipids
N2,O2,CO2
🗑
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| nonprotein nitrogenous substances | molecules contain nitrogen atoms but mot proteins
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| in plasma nonprotein nitrogenous substances present | amino acids,urea,uric acid
🗑
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| most abundant plasma electrolytes | sodium & chloride ions
NaCl
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| hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding
🗑
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| explain how blood vessel spasm is stimulated following an injury | smooth muscles in blood vessels refexly contract
🗑
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| platelets adhering form a plug may control blood loss from _______ break, but larger break requires ____ halts bleeding | small,blood clot
🗑
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| major steps leading to formation of blood clot (PTFFC) | PTFFC-place the free food close
prothrombin
thrombin
Ca activator
fribrinogen
Ca activator
fibrin
clot
🗑
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| contrast thrombus & embolus | thrombus-abnormal blood clot in vessel(inside)
embolus-clot/fragment clot moves in vessel(outside)
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| eat out | embolus
🗑
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| tea in | thrombus
🗑
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| an individual w/ B antigens & anti-A antibodies is ABO blood type | B
🗑
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| self A/A | anti-B
🗑
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| self B/B | anti-A
🗑
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| self AB/A | neither anti-A/B
🗑
|
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| self O/neither A/B | both anti-A/B
🗑
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| receive A/A | O
🗑
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| receive B/B | O
🗑
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| receive AB/AB | A,B,O
🗑
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| receive O/O | no alternate types
🗑
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| an individual w/ typeB should not receive transfusion w/ typeAB blood | will die, body will attack itself
🗑
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| typeAB | universal recipients
🗑
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| typeO | universal donors
🗑
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| distinguish between Rh+ & Rh- blood | Rh+=antigenD present on RBC membrane
Rh-=antigenD absent
🗑
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| hemolytic disease of fetus/newborn | erythroblastosis fetalis
Rh blood group of mother attacks baby, but controlled through RhoGAM now
🗑
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| whole blood | cut yourself
🗑
|
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| 5 liters | whole blood
🗑
|
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| whole blood contains | 5 liters
connective tissue
45% living cells
55% plasma
🗑
|
||||
| living cells in whole blood | 45%
🗑
|
||||
| plasma cells in whole blood | 55%
🗑
|
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