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HHP 4-8-11
chapter 12 blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| erythr- | red |
| leuko- | white |
| thromb- | clot |
| hem- | red |
| hepat- | liver |
| hem- | blood |
| hepatic | liver |
| hematopoises | blood formation |
| hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding |
| oxyhemoglobin | hemoglobin carry O2 |
| carbaminohemoglobin | hemoglobin carry CO2 |
| osmosis | flow of water high to low concentration |
| agglutination | clumping of RBC |
| antigens | protein markers in cell membrane, stimulate antibody production |
| antigen | make foreign material |
| antibodies | kill foreign material |
| antibodies | protein made by lymphocytes in response to stimulation of an antigen |
| blood physiology | body temperture transportation homeostasis hemostasis immunity |
| blood body temperature | maintenance |
| blood transportaion | nutrients, gases, waste, hormones, heat |
| blood homeostasis | maintenance & interstitial fluid balance |
| blood hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding, clot formation |
| blood immunity | protection against foreign invaders, general and specific |
| immunity | carries WBC |
| whole blood | 5 liters connective tissue 45% living cells 55% plasma |
| plasma | serum |
| plasma in blood | 55% pH 7.35-7.45 |
| water in blood | 92% |
| protein in blood | most synthesized in liver albumins globulins fibrinogen |
| albumins | 60%, function to maintain osmosis |
| globulins | 36%, antibodies found here |
| fibrinogen | 4%, coagulation, missing in serum |
| gases in blood | O2, CO2 |
| nutrients in blood | glucose, amino acids, fatty acids |
| MPN substances | contain N not proteins, waste, uric acid, BUN, creatine |
| in source | blood in |
| out source | waste out |
| fatty acids break down | ketone bodies |
| carbs break down | CO2 |
| RBC break down | bilirubin |
| RBC #1 job | carry oxygen |
| hemoglobin red color due | Fe |
| phils all have | cytoplasmic granules |
| waste | uric acid, BUN, creatine |
| RNA breakdown | uric acid |
| BUN | urea |
| BUN breakdown | protein |
| creatine breakdown | protein |
| electrolytes | ions, Na, K, Cl |
| etc | vitamins & hormones |
| living cells | formed elements |
| formed elements | 45% |
| RBC | biconcave, 1 min o heart and back |
| RBC | transports O2, oxyhemoglobin, felxible, protein |
| no nucleus hemoglobin | heme (Fe) + globin |
| Fe + biliverdin | bilirubin erythroprotein |
| RBC | Vit B12, folic acid, GH, T4 |
| T4 | thyroxine |
| thyroxine | produced in sternum, ribs & coxa |
| erythropetin | distance athletes |
| WBC | general & specific immunity |
| 5 major WBC | neutrophils eosinophils basophils monocytes lymphocytes |
| #1 | neutrophils |
| #2 | lymphocytes |
| #3 | monocytes |
| #4 | eosinophils |
| #5 | basophils |
| light purple granules | neutrophils |
| deep red granules | eosinophils |
| deep purple granules | |
| largest cell | monocyte |
| specific immunity | lymphocyte |
| phagocytosis of small particles | neutrophils #1 |
| allergies, parasite destruction | eosinophils #4 |
| parasite | tapeworms, pinworms, hookworms |
| histamine | promotes inflammation |
| heparin | inhibits blood clotting |
| histamine & heparin | basophils #5 |
| phagocytosis of large particles, macrophages | monocytes #3 |
| T & B | lymphocytes #2 |
| produce antibodes | B lymphocytes |
| platelets | cytoplasmic fragments |
| thrombocytes | platelets |
| platelets contain | organelles |
| platelets do not contain | nucleus |
| cell fragaments of cytoplasm of larger cells | platelets |
| thrombocytes form | platelet plugs |
| platelets release | chemicals initiate clot formation |
| 2 jobs in coagulation | platelet plug chemical initiate clot formation |
| hand 2 hand combat to specific invader (AIDS helper) | T lymphocyte |
| platelet plug | stage I |
| coagulation | stage II |
| hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding |
| positive feedback system | hemostasis |
| Blood Vessel Spasm | vasoconstriction blood vessel walls slowing blood flow |
| Platelet Plug Formation | platelet adhesion |
| blood vessel spasm | platelet plug>blood clot |
| blood clot | platelet plug>blood vessel spasm |
| blood coagulation | Ca required |
| BPB | blood vessel spasm platelet plug blood clot |
| Boy Penis Boy | blood vessel spasm platelet plug blood clot |
| PTFFC | prothrombin thrombin fibrinogen fibrin clot |
| activator | Ca |
| prothrombin>thrombin | Ca activator |
| fibrinogen>fibrin | Ca activator |
| place the free food close | |
| tissue damage releases | tissue thromboplastin |
| prothrombin activator converts | prothrombin to thrombin |
| thrombin fragmenst | fibrinogen to fibrin |
| fibrin long threads | clot |
| blood groups | 24+ different blood types presence or absence antigens antigens inherited |
| universal donors | RBC & plasma |
| universal recipients | RBC & plasma |
| ABO system | antibodies and antigens found |
| type A,B,AB,O | ABO system |
| Rh system | D system |
| D system | antigen and antibody involved |
| Rh | D |
| D | positive/negative |
| antigen | protein marker |
| cells natural occuring | A,B,AB,O |
| plasma | antiB,antiA,O,antiA/antiB |
| universal donor for plasma | TypeAB |
| universal donor for blood | TypeO |
| typeAB can receive | anyones blood |
| antiA/antiB can receive | anyones plasma |
| typeA | antiB |
| typeB | antiA |
| typeAB | open |
| typeO | antiA/antiB |
| sickle cell | disease & trait |
| thalassemia | hereditary hemolytic anemia thin fragile RBC |
| leukemia | myeloid/lymphoid |
| leukocytosis | increase # WBC |
| leukopenia | decrease # WBC |
| hemophilia | lack of factor8/AIDS |
| von willebrand disease | lack of factor9/christmas factor |
| blood transfusion reactions | mismatched blood types |
| thrombosis(thrombus) | stationary clot blood clot abnormally forming in vessel & stays put |
| embolism(embolus) | clot on move clot dislodged & moving |
| purpura | spontaneous bleeding from capillaries or small blood vessels into tissues |
| edema | escaped plasma from blood vessels into interstitial spaces |
| hemolytic disease of the newborn(fetus) | Rh factor |
| erthroblastosis fetalis | Rh factor RhoGAM prevention |
| hypoxia>cyanotic | bluish skin |
| jaundice | yellow |
| blood | connective tissue RBC WBC platelets suspended in liquid plasma extracellular matrix |
| transports substances between bodycells & external environment | blood |
| blood helps | maintain stable internal environment |
| blood separated into | formed elements & liquid prtions |
| formed elements | RBC |
| liquid plasma | water,gases,nutrients,hormones,electrolytes & cellular wastes |
| blood volume varies | body size,fluid,electrolyte balance,adipose tissue content |
| RBC | concave discs w/ shapes increase surface area |
| contain hemoglobin, combine with oxygen | red blood cells |
| red blood cell counts | = # cells per microliter of blood 4-6 million cells determines oxygen carrying capacity of blood |
| used to diagnose & evaluate courses of certain diseases | red blood cell counts |
| health | # RBC remains stable |
| red bone marrow | produces RBC |
| erythropoietin | controls rate of RBC formation by negative feedback |
| hemoglobin synthesis requires | iron |
| vitamin B12 & folic acid influences | RBC production |
| macrophages in liver & spleen | phagocytize damaged RBC |
| hemoglobin release | biliverdin & bilirubin pigments |
| destruction of RBC | hemoglobin molecules decompose & iron recycled |
| WBC develop from | hemocytoblasts in red bone marrow |
| granulocytes | neutrophils eosinophils basophils |
| agranulocytes | monocytes & lymphocytes |
| neutrophils & monocytes | phagocytize foreign particles |
| eosinophils | kill parasites help control inflammation allergic reactions |
| basophils | release heparin & histamine |
| heparin | inhibits blood clotting |
| histamine | increase blood flow to injured tissues |
| lymphocytes | produce antibodies attack specific foreign substances |
| white blood cell counts | 4,500-10,000 cells per microliter of blood |
| # WBC vary | infections emotional disturbances excessive body fluid loss |
| differential WBC count | indicates various types of leukocyte percentages |
| blood platelets | fragments of giant cells |
| developed in red marrow in response to thrombpoietn | blood platelets |
| normal platelet count | 130,000-360,000 platelets per microliter of blood |
| platelets help | close breaks in blood vessels |
| plasma | transports gases & nutrients help regulate fluid electrolyte balance help stable pH |
| plasma proteins | remain in blood/interstitail fluid energy source |
| 3 major plasma protein | albumin globulin fibrinogen |
| help maintain colloid osmotic pressure | albumin |
| transport lipid fat-soluble vitamins antibodies that provide immunity | globulin |
| functions in blood clotting | fibrinogen |
| gases in plasma | O,CO2,N |
| plasma nutrients | simple sugars amino acids lipids |
| SPF (sugar protein fat) | plasma nutrients |
| liver stores glucose as glycogen | release glucose when blood glucose concentration fails |
| amino acids used to synthesize proteins | deaminated for energy source |
| lipoproteins | function in transport of lipids |
| nonprotein nitrogenous bases | molecules contain nitrogen atoms |
| nonprotein nitrogenous substances | amino acids urea uric acid |
| plasma electrolytes | ions of sodium,k,Ca,Mg,Cl(chlorine),bicarbonate,PO(phosphate),SO(sulfate) |
| bicarbonate ions | maintain osmotic pressure & pH of plasma |
| hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding |
| blood vessel spasm | smooth muscles in blood vessel walls reflexly contract following injury |
| platelets release serotonin | stimulate vasoconstriction help maintain vessel spasm |
| vasoconstriction | narrowing of blood vessels resulting from contraction of muscular wall of the vessels |
| platelet plug formation | adhere to rough surfaces & exposed collagen |
| platelets adhere to each other at injury sites | form platelet plugs in broken vessels |
| blood cotting most effective | form of hemostasis |
| clot formation depends | balance between factors that promote & inhibit clotting |
| coagulation basic event | conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin |
| biochemicals promote clotting | prothrombin activator, prothrombin,calcium ions |
| thrombus | abnormal blood clot in vessel |
| embolus | clot or fragment of clot moves in vessel |
| blood can be typed | based on cell surface antigens |
| agglutination | clumping RBC, following transfusion reaction |
| RBC membrane | contain specific antigens |
| blood plasma | contain antibodies against certain antigens |
| ABO blood group | blood grouped to presence/absence of antigensA/B |
| mixing RBC that contain an antigen w/ plasma containing corresponding antibody | adverse transfusion reaction |
| Rh antigen present | on RBC membranes of Rh positive blood |
| Rh antigen absent | in Rh-negative blood |
| mixing Rh-positive RBC w/ plasma containing anti-Rh antibodies | agglutinates the positive cells |
| anti-Rh antibodies in maternal blood may cross placental tissues | react w/ RBC of Rh-positive fetus |
| major functions of blood include | nutrient,hormone,oxygen,waste transport,help maintain stability of interstitial fluid, heat distribution |
| formed elements in blood are | white blood cells(leukocytes), red blood cells(erythrocytes) and platelets(thrombocytes) |
| the liquid portion of blood | plasma |
| describe a red blood cell | biconcave discs |
| contrast oxyhemoglobin & deoxyhemoglobin | oxy-bright red, rich in oxygen deoxy-dark blue, released oxygen |
| dietary factors affecting RBC production | vitamin B12,folic acid,iron |
| 5 leukocytes types | neutrophils,eosinophils,basophils,monocytes,lymphocytes |
| NEBML (Never Eat Bowel Movement Later) | neutrophils esinophils basophils monocytes lymphocytes |
| neurto & mono | phagocytize foreign particles |
| eisoino | kill parasites,control inflammation,llergic reactions |
| baso | release heparin/histamine |
| lymph | produce antibodies that attack specific foreign substances |
| platelets/thrombocytes | fragments of megakarocytes that function in hormone thrombopoietin |
| the most abundant component of plasma | 92% water |
| 3 types of plasma proteins | fibrinogen,albumin,globulin |
| FGA (Fuck4 Good36 Ass60) | fibrinogen,albumin,globulin |
| albumins | 60% function to maintain osmosis |
| globulins | 36% antibodies found here |
| fibrinogen | 4% coagulation missing in serum |
| nutrients & gases in plasma | vitamins & hormones: amino acids,simple sugars,nucleotides,lipids N2,O2,CO2 |
| nonprotein nitrogenous substances | molecules contain nitrogen atoms but mot proteins |
| in plasma nonprotein nitrogenous substances present | amino acids,urea,uric acid |
| most abundant plasma electrolytes | sodium & chloride ions NaCl |
| hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding |
| explain how blood vessel spasm is stimulated following an injury | smooth muscles in blood vessels refexly contract |
| platelets adhering form a plug may control blood loss from _______ break, but larger break requires ____ halts bleeding | small,blood clot |
| major steps leading to formation of blood clot (PTFFC) | PTFFC-place the free food close prothrombin thrombin Ca activator fribrinogen Ca activator fibrin clot |
| contrast thrombus & embolus | thrombus-abnormal blood clot in vessel(inside) embolus-clot/fragment clot moves in vessel(outside) |
| eat out | embolus |
| tea in | thrombus |
| an individual w/ B antigens & anti-A antibodies is ABO blood type | B |
| self A/A | anti-B |
| self B/B | anti-A |
| self AB/A | neither anti-A/B |
| self O/neither A/B | both anti-A/B |
| receive A/A | O |
| receive B/B | O |
| receive AB/AB | A,B,O |
| receive O/O | no alternate types |
| an individual w/ typeB should not receive transfusion w/ typeAB blood | will die, body will attack itself |
| typeAB | universal recipients |
| typeO | universal donors |
| distinguish between Rh+ & Rh- blood | Rh+=antigenD present on RBC membrane Rh-=antigenD absent |
| hemolytic disease of fetus/newborn | erythroblastosis fetalis Rh blood group of mother attacks baby, but controlled through RhoGAM now |
| whole blood | cut yourself |
| 5 liters | whole blood |
| whole blood contains | 5 liters connective tissue 45% living cells 55% plasma |
| living cells in whole blood | 45% |
| plasma cells in whole blood | 55% |
Created by:
virg
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