Barron's Chapter 1 Vocabulary
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| Human-induced changes on the natural environment | anthropogenic
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| theory and practice of making visual representations of the earth's surface in the form of maps | cartography
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| the study of the interactions between societies and the natural environments they live in | cultural ecology
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| the human-modified natural landscape specifically containing the imprint of a particular culture or society | cultural landscape
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| systematic approach to physical geography that looks at the interaction between the earth;s physical systems and processes on a global scale | earth system science
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| the intersection between human and physical geography, which explores the spatial impacts humans have on the physical environment and vice versa | environmental geography
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| the head librarian at Alexandria during the third century B.C.; he was one of the first cartographers. Performed a remarkably accurate computation of the earth's circumference. He is also credited with coining the term "geography." | Eratosthenes
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| name given to crescent-shaped area of fertile land stretching from the lower Nile valley, along the east Mediterranean coast, and into Syria and present-day Iraq where agriculture and early civilization first began about 8000 B.C. | fertile crescent
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| a set of computer tools used to capture, store, transform, analyze, and display geographic data. | geographical information systems
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| a set of satellites used to help determine location anywhere on the earth's surface with a portable electronic device. | global positioning system
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| pertaining to the unique facts or characteristics of a particular place. | idiographic
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| inventor, diplomat, politician, and scholar, his classic work, Man and Nature, or Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action, provided the first description of the extent to which natural systems had been impacted by human actions. | George Perkins Marsh
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| the physical landscape or environment that has not been impacted by human actions | natural landscape
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| concepts or rules that can be applied universally | nomothetic
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| he claimed that geography drew from four distinct traditions: the earth-science tradition, the culture-environment tradition, the locational tradition, and the area-analysis tradition | W.D. Pattison
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| the realm of geography that studies the structures, processes, distributions, and change through time of the natural phenomena of earth's surface | physical geography
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| roman geographer-astronamerand author of Guide to Geography which included maps containing a grid system of latitude and longitude | ptolemy
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| data associated with a more humanistic approach to geography, often collected through interviews, empirical observations, or the interpretation of texts, artwork, old maps, and other archives. | qualitative data
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| data associated with mathematical models and statistical techniques used to analyze spatial location and association | quantitative data
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| a period in human geography associated with the widespread adoption of mathematical models and statistical techniques | quantitative revolution
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| a territory that encompasses many places that share similar attributes (may be physical, cultural, or both) in comparison with the attributes of places elsewhere. | region
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| the study of geographic regions | regional geography
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| observation and mathematical measurement of earth's surface using aircraft satellites. The sensors include both photographic images, thermal images, multispectral scanners, and radar images. | remote sensing
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| Geographer from the Unicersity of California at Berkeley who defined the concept of cultural landscape as the fundamental unit of geographical analysis. This landscape results from interaction between humans and the physical environment. Sauer argued ta | Carl Sauer
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| feelings evoked by people as a result of certain experiences and memories associated with a particular place. | sense of place
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| an intellectual framework that looks at the particular locations of specigic phenomena, how and why that phenomena is where it is, and, finally, how it is spatially related to phenomena in other places | spatial perspective
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| the concept of using the earth's resources in such a way that they provide for people's needs in the present without diminishing the earth's ability to provide for future generations | sustainability
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| the study of the earth's integrated systems as a whole, instead of focusing on particular phenomena in a single place | systematic geography
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| individual maps of specific features that are overlaid on one another in a geographical information system to understand and analyze a spatial relationship. | thematic layers
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| perceptual regions | vernacular regions
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