The Vascular System-Practice Test
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| The layer of the wall of an artery that is smooth to prevent abnormal clotting is the? | Endothelium
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| The layer of the wall of an artery that helps maintain blood pressure is the? | Middle layer
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| The layer of the wall of an artery that helps prevent rupture is the? | Outer layer
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| Simple squamous epithelium forms the _______ of an artery? | Lining
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| Simple squamous epithelium forms the lining of an artery and its function is to? | Prevent abnormal clotting
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| Smooth muscle tissue forms the _____ layer of an artery? | Middle
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| Smooth muscle tissue function is to? | Maintain blood pressure
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| Fibrous connective tissue forms the _____ layer of an artery? | Outer
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| Fibrous connective tissue function is to prevent? | Rupture
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| In the wall of a vein, the layer that is folded into valves is the? | Inner layer
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| The outer layer of the wall of a vein is thin because? | Blood pressure in veins is low
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| The function of valves in veins is to? | Prevent backflow of blood
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| In the vascular system, an alternate pathway for blood flow is provided by vessels called an? | Anastomosis
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| An arterial anastomosis provides an alternate pathway for blood to flow to a(n)? | Organ
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| A venous anastomosis provides an alternate pathway for blood to flow back to the? | Heart
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| Capillaries are made of _____________ tissue? | Simple squamos epithelial
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| Capillaries important characteristic is its? | Thinness
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| Capillaries are the site of _________ between the blood and tissues? | Exchanges
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| The flow of blood into a capillary network is regulated by a? | Precapillary sphincter
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| A precapillary sphincter is made of ________ tissue? | Smooth muscle
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| In capillaries, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between blood and tissues by the process of? | Diffusion
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| In capillaries, nutrients are brought out into tissues by the process of? | Filtration
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| In capillaries, tissue fluid is brought back into the blood by the process of? | Osmosis
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| In capillaries, the process of filtration depends on? | Blood pressure
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| In capillaries, colloid osmotic pressure is created by the presence of ________ in the blood? | Albumin
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| In capillaries, blood pressure provides the energy for the process of? | Filtration
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| In capillaries, albumin creates _________ pressure, a pulling pressure? | Colloid osmotic
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| Capillaries carry blood from _______ to ______? | Arterioles, venules
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| Arteries carry blood from the _______ to ______? | Heart, capillaries
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| Veins carry blood from _______ to _______? | Capillaries, heart
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| The circle of Willis is formed by the two _________ arteries and the _______ artery? | Internal carotid, basilar
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| The circle of Willis supplies the? | Brain
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| The circle of Willis supplies the brain, and is an example of an arterial? | Anastomosis
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| In hepatic portal circulation, blood from the digestive organs and the spleen flows through the _______ before returning to the heart? | Liver
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| In hepatic portal circulation, veins from abdominal organs unite to form the _______ vein that empties blood into the ________ of the liver? | Portal, sinusoids
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| One purpose of portal circulation is to enable the liver to receive glucose absorbed by the __________ and store the excess as ______? | Small intestine, glycogen
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| One purpose of portal circulation is to enable the liver to receive the iron of __________ destroyed in the spleen and store any excess. | Old red blood cells
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| One purpose of hepatic portal circulation is to enable the liver to receive alcohol absorbed by the stomach and ________ it before blood reaches the _______? | Detoxify, brain
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| In pulmonary circulation, blood is pumped to the lungs by the? | Right ventricle
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| In pulmonary circulation, blood is pumped to the lungs by the right ventricle and returns to the _________ of the heart? | Left atrium
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| In pulmonary capillaries, ________ diffuses from blood to air? | Carbon dioxide
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| In pulmonary capillaries, ________ diffuses from air to blood? | Oxygen
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| The blood pressure in pulmonary circulation is always? | Low
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| The blood pressure in pulmonary circulation is always low to prevent filtration and accumulation of fluid in the? | Alveoli
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| In fetal circulation, exchanges between fetal blood and maternal blood take place in the? | Placenta
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| In fetal circulation, blood flows from the placenta to the fetus through the? | Umbilical vein
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| In fetal circulation, blood flows from the fetus to the placenta through the? | Umbilical arteries
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| In fetal circulation, blood in the umbilical vein, has a high level of? | Oxygen
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| In fetal circulation, blood in the umbilical arteries has a high level of? | Carbon dioxide
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| In fetal circulation, the vessel that takes most incoming blood to the inferior vena cava is the? | Ductus venous
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| In fetal circulation, the __________ permits blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium? | Foramen ovale
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| In fetal circulation, the _________ permits blood to flow from the pulmonary to the aorta? | Ductus arteriosus
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| In fetal circulation, the purpose of the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus is to permit blood to? | Bypass the fetal lungs
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| Venous return is the amount of blood that is returned to the? | Heart
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| Veins are able to constrict because of the ____________ tissue in their walls? | Smooth muscle
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| The skeletal muscle pump is especially important for venous return by the veins in the? | Legs
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| The respiratory pump is especially important for venous return by the veins in the? | Thoracic cavity
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| The flow of venous return is kept to one direction only by the ______ in the veins? | Valves
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| If venous return decreases, cardiac output will? | Decrease
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| The elasticity of the large arteries permits them to _______ during left ventricular systole, and thereby to _______ systolic BP? | Stretch, lower
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| The elasticity of the large arteries permits them to _______ during left ventricular diastole, and thereby to ______ diastolic BP? | Recoil, raise
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| Starling's law of the heart states that when cardiac muscle fibers are stretched, they will? | Contract more forcefully
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| When venous return increases, the heart contracts more forcefully; this is called? | Starling's law of the heart
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| If venous return decreases, the heart contracts _____ forcefully and cardiac output ______? | Less, decreases
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| The hormone that raises blood pressure by increasing heart rate and force of contraction is? | Epinephrine
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| The hormone that raises blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction throughout the body is? | Norepinephrine
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| The hormone that raises blood pressure by increasing sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys is? | Aldosterone
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| The hormone that raises blood pressure by directly increasing the reabsorption of water by the kidneys is? | ADH
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| The hormone that lowers blood pressure by increasing the excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys is? | ANP
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| Two hormones that affect blood pressure because they affect blood volume are? | Aldosterone, ADH;ANP
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| Two hormones that affect blood pressure because they affect the diameter of blood vessels are? | Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| When blood flow through the kidney's decreases, the process of ______ decreases, and ______ is conserved to maintain BP? | Filtration, water
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| When blood pressure decreases, renin is secreted by the? | Kidneys
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| When BP decreases, the kidneys secrete renin, which initiates the formation of? | Angiotensin II
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| Angiotensin II causes _______ and stimulates the secretion of ________, both of which will _______ BP? | Vasoconstriction, aldosterone, raise
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| To compensate for a small loss of blood, the heart rate will? | Increase
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| To compensate for a small loss of blood, the kidneys will? | Decrease urinary output
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| To compensate for a small loss of blood the arteries will? | Constrict
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| A normal blood pressure is considered to be below? | 120/80
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| Hypertension is considered to be a blood pressure that is consistently higher than? | 140/90
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| What part of the brain regulates the diameter of the arteries and veins? | Medulla
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| The medulla of the brain regulates the diameter of arteries and veins, and has a __________ area and a ____________ area? | Vasoconstrictor, vasodilater
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| The nerves to the smooth muscle of the arteries and veins are _______ nerves? | Sympathetic
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| When vasoconstriction is needed to raise BP, the arteries receive more _______ impulses? | Sympathetic
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| When vasodilation is needed to lower BP, the arteries receive fewer _______ impulses? | Sympathetic
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| Velocity of blood flow is inversely related to the ___________ of the particular part of the vascular system? | Cross-sectional areas
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| Blood flow is slowest in ______, and this is important to permit time for exchanges of materials? | Capillaries
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| During exercise, blood flow to the heart will? | Increase
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| During exercise, blood flow to the skeletal muscles will? | Increase
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| During exercise, blood flow to the digestive tract will? | Decrease
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| During exercies, blood flow to the skin will? | Increase
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Created by:
laceylake
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