nutrition and deficiencies
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| nutrition | the study of how your body uses the food you eat
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| malnutrition | poor nutrition over an extended period
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| nutrient | a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body
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| deficiency disease | an illness caused by the lack of a sufficient amount of a nutrient
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| carbohydrate | the body's chief source of energy
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| glucose | a monosaccharide that serves as a constant and immediate source of energy for all body cells and tissues
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| fiber | provides bulk in the diet
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| fat | important energy source
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| fatty acid | chemical chains containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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| hydrogenation | makes unsaturated fats solid
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| cholesterol | a fat like substance found in every cell in the body
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| protein | chemical compounds that are found in every body cell
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| amino acid | small units that make up proteins
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| kwashiorkor | a serious protein deficiency disease found in many underdeveloped areas of the world
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| vitamin | one of the six basic types of nutrients that is a complex organic substance needed in small amounts for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction
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| fat-soluble vitamin | vitamins that dissolve in fats
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| water-soluble vitamin | vitamins that dissolve in water
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| supplement | nutrient products added to the diet
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| night blindness | a reduced ability to see in dim light due to vitamin A deficiency
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| rickets | A disease resulting from a vitamin D deficiency, which is characterized by crooked legs and misshapen breast bones in children
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| scurvy | a disease resulting from a vitamin C deficiency, which is characterized by bleeding gums, loss of teeth, and internal bleeding
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| beriberi | a disease of the nervous system caused by a thiamin deficiency, which is characterized by numbness in the ankles and legs and severe cramping and paralysis
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| pellagra | A disease caused by a deficiency off niacin, which is characterized by a raw and inflamed skin rash, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dementia, and paralysis
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| anemia | Caused by folate deficiency, reduces the number of RBCs in the bloodstream
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| mineral | one of the six basic types of nutrients that is an inorganic substance and becomes part of the bones, tissues, and body fluids
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| trace element | a mineral like iron or iodine that is found in very small amounts in the body
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| osteoporosis | A condition resulting from a calcium deficiency, which is characterized by porous, brittle bones
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| hypertension | High blood pressure
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| goiter | A visible enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from an iodine deficiency
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| digestion | The bodily process of breaking food down into simpler compounds the body can use
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| absorption | The process of taking nutrients into the body and making them part of the body
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| peristalsis | A wavelike movement produced by the contracting of longitudinal and circular muscle fibers of the digestive tract, which pushes food through the tract
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| saliva | A mucus- and enzyme-containing liquid secreted by the mouth that makes food easier to swallow and begins to break down starches
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| metabolism | The chemical processes that take place in the cells after the body absorbs nutrients
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| basal metabolism | The amount of energy the human body needs to stay alive and carry on vital processes
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