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CC ch2
nutrition and deficiencies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nutrition | the study of how your body uses the food you eat |
| malnutrition | poor nutrition over an extended period |
| nutrient | a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body |
| deficiency disease | an illness caused by the lack of a sufficient amount of a nutrient |
| carbohydrate | the body's chief source of energy |
| glucose | a monosaccharide that serves as a constant and immediate source of energy for all body cells and tissues |
| fiber | provides bulk in the diet |
| fat | important energy source |
| fatty acid | chemical chains containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| hydrogenation | makes unsaturated fats solid |
| cholesterol | a fat like substance found in every cell in the body |
| protein | chemical compounds that are found in every body cell |
| amino acid | small units that make up proteins |
| kwashiorkor | a serious protein deficiency disease found in many underdeveloped areas of the world |
| vitamin | one of the six basic types of nutrients that is a complex organic substance needed in small amounts for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction |
| fat-soluble vitamin | vitamins that dissolve in fats |
| water-soluble vitamin | vitamins that dissolve in water |
| supplement | nutrient products added to the diet |
| night blindness | a reduced ability to see in dim light due to vitamin A deficiency |
| rickets | A disease resulting from a vitamin D deficiency, which is characterized by crooked legs and misshapen breast bones in children |
| scurvy | a disease resulting from a vitamin C deficiency, which is characterized by bleeding gums, loss of teeth, and internal bleeding |
| beriberi | a disease of the nervous system caused by a thiamin deficiency, which is characterized by numbness in the ankles and legs and severe cramping and paralysis |
| pellagra | A disease caused by a deficiency off niacin, which is characterized by a raw and inflamed skin rash, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dementia, and paralysis |
| anemia | Caused by folate deficiency, reduces the number of RBCs in the bloodstream |
| mineral | one of the six basic types of nutrients that is an inorganic substance and becomes part of the bones, tissues, and body fluids |
| trace element | a mineral like iron or iodine that is found in very small amounts in the body |
| osteoporosis | A condition resulting from a calcium deficiency, which is characterized by porous, brittle bones |
| hypertension | High blood pressure |
| goiter | A visible enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from an iodine deficiency |
| digestion | The bodily process of breaking food down into simpler compounds the body can use |
| absorption | The process of taking nutrients into the body and making them part of the body |
| peristalsis | A wavelike movement produced by the contracting of longitudinal and circular muscle fibers of the digestive tract, which pushes food through the tract |
| saliva | A mucus- and enzyme-containing liquid secreted by the mouth that makes food easier to swallow and begins to break down starches |
| metabolism | The chemical processes that take place in the cells after the body absorbs nutrients |
| basal metabolism | The amount of energy the human body needs to stay alive and carry on vital processes |
Created by:
raiver
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