Anatomy-Physiology-Conduction-Cardiac Cell
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| Location of the Heart | Left of the sternum
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| Sternum | Bone in center of chest
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| Heart size | A fist
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| Ribs are attached to? | The sternum
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| What side does heart point to? | Left
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| Function of ribs | Protects the internal organs
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| Xiphoid Process | Cartilage at the end of sternum
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| Diaphragm | Muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity
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| Function of Thoracic cavity | Protects lungs and heart
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| Function of Abdominal cavity | Protects all other organs below
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| Clavicles | Collar bones
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| Heart is made up of how many layers? | Three
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| Layers of the heart | Endocardium, Myocardium, Pericardium
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| Endocardium | Inside layer
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| Myocardium | Middle layer
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| Pericardium | Outer layer
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| What is the heart muscle? | Myocardium
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| Function of the Pericardial sac | Prevents friction of the pericardial sac and pericardium
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| Heart has how many chambers | Four
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| First chamber of heart | Right Atrium
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| Second chamber | Left Atrium
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| Third chamber | Right Ventricle
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| Fourth chamber | Left Ventricle
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| Location of Interatrial septum | Between the Atria
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| Location of Interventricular septum | Between right & left ventricle
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| What divides the chamber vertically? | Septum
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| Valves | Keep blood moving in the right direction
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| Semilunar valves | Send blood out of the heart
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| Pulmonic valve | Sends blood out of the heart to the lungs
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| Aortic valve | Sends blood out of the heart thru' the aorta to entire body
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| Semilunar valves | Pulmonary & Aorta
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| AV valves | Atrial ventricular valves
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| Atrial ventricular valves | Sends blood from the atriums to the ventricles
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| AV valves | Tricuspid & Mitral
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| Tricuspid valve | Sends blood from the R atrium to the R ventricle
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| Mitral valve | Sends blood from the L atrium to the L ventricle
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| Veins | Carry unoxygenated blood to the heart
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| Arteries | Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
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| Two main veins | Superior & Inferior vena cavae
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| Superior vena cava | Carry unoxygenated blood from the upper portions of body to the heart
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| Inferior vena cava | Carry unoxygenated blood from the lower portions of body to the heart
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| Exception veins | Pulmonary veins
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| Arteries | Carry oxygenated blood to the heart
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| Exception arteries | Pulmonary arteries
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| Exception Pulmonary arteries | Carry UNOXYGENATED blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
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| Exception Pulmonary veins | Carry OXYGENATED blood from the lungs to the heart
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| Largest artery | AORTA
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| Aorta function | Carry oxygenated blood to the entire body
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| Aorta | Largest artery
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| Coronary Arteries | First vessels off the Aorta
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| Right coronary artery | Supplies oxygenated blood to the right side of the heart
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| Left coronary artery | Pumps out the blood to the whole side of the heart muscle
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| Branches of left coronary artery | Left anterior descending & Circumflex arteries
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| Left main portion of left coronary artery | Window maker
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| Blockage to left main portion of left coronary artery causes | MI & cardiac death
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| Circumflex artery function | Supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral & posterior walls of the heart
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| Chordae tendineae location | Attached to both tricuspid & Mitral valves
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| Chordae tendineae function | Open and close valves when atriums are full
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| Aveoli | Sacs in the lungs where un-oxygenated blood picks up oxygen
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| Low Pressure pump | Right Heart pumping unoxygenated blood to lungs thru' right atrium & right ventricle
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| High Pressure pump | Left Heart pumping oxygenated blood out to the body thru' left atrium & left ventricle
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| Normal blood pressure values | 120/80
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| cardiac cycle takes 0.8 sec = | 1 heart beat
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| Systole | When ventricles contract and send blood thru' body
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| Diastole | When the contraction ends and the valves relax
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| SA node | Sinoatrial node
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| Sinoatrial node function | Initiates heart beat
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| Pacemaker | SA node
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| SA node location | Right atrium
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| Internodal Pathways | Bachman's bundle
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| Internodal Pathways function | Causes atria to contract
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| Origin of internodal pathways | SA node
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| Atrioventricular node | AV node
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| Atrial contraction | Firing of SA node=>Internodal Pathways=>AV node
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| Impulse pauses at | AV node
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| Bundle of HIS | Starts deporalization of ventricles
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| Right Bundle of HIS | Stimulates Right ventricle
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| Left Bundle of HIS | Stimulates Left ventricle
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| Bundle of HIS branches | Anterior & Posterior fascicles
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| Anterior fascicle | Stimulates front wall of left ventricles & Superior wall of left ventricle
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| Posterior fascicle | Stimulates back wall of left ventricle & Inferior portion of left ventricle
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| Purkinje fibers | Stimulates the Apex
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| APEX | Tip of heart
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| Papillary muscles hold | Chordae tendineae
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| Chordae tendineae anchors | Tricuspid & Mitral valves
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| Atrial Contraction consists of: | SA node, AV node & internodal Pathways
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| AV node is the: | Relay electrical station between Atria & Ventricles
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| Ventrical Contraction consists of: | Bundle of HIS, Bundle Branches, & Purkinje fibers
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| Endocardium function | Membrane that lines cavities of heart wall and forms part of heart valves made of endocardial tissue
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| Cardiac cells location | Myocardium
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| # of cells in the myocardium | Three
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| Cardiac cells | Electrical,Intercollated disc & Myocardial cells
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| Electrical cells function | Backup system to the SA node
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| Intercollated disc function (specialized cells) | Allows for conductivity from cell=>cell
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| Myocardial cells are: | Muscle cells
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| Properties of Electrical cells | Automaticity, Excitability & Conductivity
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| Automaticity | Ability to generate an impulse
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| Excitability | Ability to respond to impulse
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| Conductivity | Ability to produce or transfer an impulse from cell=>cell
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| Two important cells for electrical conduction |
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| Repolarization | Resting phase
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| Depolarization | Contraction phase
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| Sodium = | Positive ion
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| Potassium | Negative ion
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| Myocardial cells properties | Contractility & Extensibility
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| Contractility | Ability to lengthen & shorten
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| Extensibility | Ability to stretch
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| Starts depolarization (contraction) | Bundle of HIS
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| Muscular layer | Myocardium
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| Three leaflet valve | Tricuspid
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| Study of heart | Cardiology
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| Upper chamber | Atrium
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| Electrocardiogram | EKG
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| Cartilage at end of rib cage | Xiphoid Process
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| Active stage | Depolarization
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| Between left atrium & Ventricle | Mitral valve
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| Largest artery | Aorta
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| Vessel to lungs | Pulmonary artery
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| Electrical system | Conduction
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| Wall between right and left side | Septum
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| Picked up in lungs | Oxygen
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| Repolarization | Rest
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| Middle of chest | Sternum
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| Leaftlet | Cusp
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| End of atrial contraction | Internal pathways
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| Spreads impulse to R atrium & L atrium | Internal pathways
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| Begins ventricle contraction | Bundle of His
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| Ends ventricle contraction | Purkinje fibers
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