Mr. Hall Muscle Anatomy
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Flexion | Bending a joint so that the angle decreases or the parts come closer together.
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| Extension | Straightening a joint so that the angle increases or the parts move farther apart.
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| Hyperextension | Excessive extension of a joint beyond the anatomical position.
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| Dorsiflexion | Flexing the foot at the ankle (pulling toes toward the tibia)
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| Plantar Flexion | Extending the foot at the anke (pointing the toes)
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| Abduction | Moving a part away from the midline (raising arms away from the sides)
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| Adduction | Moving a part toward the midline (returning arms to the sides from raised position)
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| Supination | Turning the hand so the palm is upward or turning the foot so that the medial margin is raised.
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| Pronation | Turning the hand so the palm is downward or turning the foot so that the medial margin is lowered.
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| Eversion | Turning the foot so the sole is outward
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| Inversion | Turning the foot so the sole is inward
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| Protraction | Moving a part forward (thrust the chin forward)
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| Retraction | Moving a part backward (pull the chin forward)
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| Elevation | Raising a part (shrugging the shoulders)
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| Depression | Lowering a part (dropping the shoulders)
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| Origin | Immovable end of a muscle
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| Insertion | Moveable end of a muscle
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| Prime Mover | The primary muscle or muscles that cause a desired joint to move
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| Synergists | Muscles that contract to assist the prime mover
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| Antagonists | Muscles that resist a prime mover and causes movement in the opposite direction
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| Epicranius | Raises eyebrow as if surprised, consists of two muscles frontalis and occipitalis
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| Frontalis | Lies over the frontal bone
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| Occipitalis | Lies over the occipital bone
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| Epicranial Aponeurosis | Tendinous membrane uniting the frontalis and occipitalis that cocvers the cranium like a cap.
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| Orbicularis Oculi | Surrounds the eye and closes the eye as in blinking
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| Orbicularis Oris | Encircles the mouth and closes lips (also puckers lips as in kissing)
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| Buccinator | Located in the wall of the cheek and compress the ckeck inward. Aids in mastication and smetimes called the "trumpeter muscle".
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| Zygomaticus | Origin is on the zygomatic bone and inserts the lateral margin obicularis oris. Raises the corners of the mouth as in smiling.
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| Platysma | Sheet like muscle that is located on the anterior portion of the neck. Pulls the mouth downward as in frowning and also helps lower the mandible.
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| Masseter | Origin is lower boreder of zygomatic arch. Elevates mandible.
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| Temporalis | Fan-shaped muscles that originates on the side of the skull. Fibers pass beneath the zygomatic arch and insert on the coronoid process. Elevates the mandible. Assoc. with TMJ
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| Medial Pterygoid | Elevates the mandible
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| Lateral Pterygoid | Opens mouth (depresses mandible), pulls the mandible forward, and moves the mandible from side to side.
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| Sternocleidomastoid | Long muscle that extends upward from the thoraz to the base of the skull behind the ear. Pulls head to the side, flexes neck, and elevates sternum.
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| Splenius Capitis | Rotates head, bends head to one side, and extends neck.
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| Semispinalis Capitis | Extends head, bends ehad to one side, and rotates head.
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| Trapezius | Extends from base of skull and cervical vertebrae to the shoulder. Rotates and raises scapula, pulls scapula medially, and pulls scapula/shoulder downward.
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| Levator Ani | Supports pelvic viscera, and provides sphinterlike action in anal canal and vagina
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| Bulbospongiosus | Emptying of urethra in males during ejaculation; constrict vagina in females
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| Spincter Urethrae | Opens and closes urethra
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| Psoas Major | Flexes thigh
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| Gluteus Maximus | Extends thigh at hip
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| Gluteus Medius | Abducts and rotates thigh medially
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| Adductor Longus | Adducts, flexes, and rotates thigh laterally
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| Adductor Magnus | Adducts, extends, and rotates thigh laterally.
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| Hamstring Group | Flexors
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| Biceps Femoris | Flexes and rotates leg laterally and extends thigh.
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| Semitendinous | Flexes and rotates leg medially and extends thigh
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| Semimembranosus | Flexes and rotates leg medially and extends thigh
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| Sartonius | Flexes leg and thigh; abducts and rotates thigh laterally
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| Quadriceps Femoris | All connect the illium and femur to a common patellar tendon which passed over the front of the knee and attaches to the tibia. Powerful leg extensions. Rectus Femoris. Vastus Lateralis. Vastus Medialis. Vastus Intermedius.
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| Tibialis Anterior | Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.
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| Extensor Digitorum Longus | Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot and extension of toes.
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| Gastrocnemius | Plantar flexion of foot and flexion of leg at the knee, the "calf"
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| Flexor Digitorum Longus | Plantar and inversion of foot; flexion of four lateral toes.
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| External Oblique | Tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents
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| Rectus Femoris | Leg extensor-Quadriceps Femoris Group
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| Vastus Lateralis | Leg extensor-Quadriceps Femoris Group
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| Vastus Medialis | Leg extensor-Quadriceps Femoris Group
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| Vastus Intermedius | Leg extensor-Quadriceps Femoris Group
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| Deltoid | Abducts, extends, and flexes arm
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| Pectoralis Major | Flexes, adducts, and rotates arm medially
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| Latissimus Dorsi | Extends, adducts, and rotates the arm medially, or pulls the shoulder downward and back.
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| Biceps Brachii | Flexes elbow and rotates hand laterally
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| Triceps Brachii | Extends elbow
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| Levator Scapulae | Elevates Scapula
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