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K.H.M.A.
Mr. Hall Muscle Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Flexion | Bending a joint so that the angle decreases or the parts come closer together. |
| Extension | Straightening a joint so that the angle increases or the parts move farther apart. |
| Hyperextension | Excessive extension of a joint beyond the anatomical position. |
| Dorsiflexion | Flexing the foot at the ankle (pulling toes toward the tibia) |
| Plantar Flexion | Extending the foot at the anke (pointing the toes) |
| Abduction | Moving a part away from the midline (raising arms away from the sides) |
| Adduction | Moving a part toward the midline (returning arms to the sides from raised position) |
| Supination | Turning the hand so the palm is upward or turning the foot so that the medial margin is raised. |
| Pronation | Turning the hand so the palm is downward or turning the foot so that the medial margin is lowered. |
| Eversion | Turning the foot so the sole is outward |
| Inversion | Turning the foot so the sole is inward |
| Protraction | Moving a part forward (thrust the chin forward) |
| Retraction | Moving a part backward (pull the chin forward) |
| Elevation | Raising a part (shrugging the shoulders) |
| Depression | Lowering a part (dropping the shoulders) |
| Origin | Immovable end of a muscle |
| Insertion | Moveable end of a muscle |
| Prime Mover | The primary muscle or muscles that cause a desired joint to move |
| Synergists | Muscles that contract to assist the prime mover |
| Antagonists | Muscles that resist a prime mover and causes movement in the opposite direction |
| Epicranius | Raises eyebrow as if surprised, consists of two muscles frontalis and occipitalis |
| Frontalis | Lies over the frontal bone |
| Occipitalis | Lies over the occipital bone |
| Epicranial Aponeurosis | Tendinous membrane uniting the frontalis and occipitalis that cocvers the cranium like a cap. |
| Orbicularis Oculi | Surrounds the eye and closes the eye as in blinking |
| Orbicularis Oris | Encircles the mouth and closes lips (also puckers lips as in kissing) |
| Buccinator | Located in the wall of the cheek and compress the ckeck inward. Aids in mastication and smetimes called the "trumpeter muscle". |
| Zygomaticus | Origin is on the zygomatic bone and inserts the lateral margin obicularis oris. Raises the corners of the mouth as in smiling. |
| Platysma | Sheet like muscle that is located on the anterior portion of the neck. Pulls the mouth downward as in frowning and also helps lower the mandible. |
| Masseter | Origin is lower boreder of zygomatic arch. Elevates mandible. |
| Temporalis | Fan-shaped muscles that originates on the side of the skull. Fibers pass beneath the zygomatic arch and insert on the coronoid process. Elevates the mandible. Assoc. with TMJ |
| Medial Pterygoid | Elevates the mandible |
| Lateral Pterygoid | Opens mouth (depresses mandible), pulls the mandible forward, and moves the mandible from side to side. |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Long muscle that extends upward from the thoraz to the base of the skull behind the ear. Pulls head to the side, flexes neck, and elevates sternum. |
| Splenius Capitis | Rotates head, bends head to one side, and extends neck. |
| Semispinalis Capitis | Extends head, bends ehad to one side, and rotates head. |
| Trapezius | Extends from base of skull and cervical vertebrae to the shoulder. Rotates and raises scapula, pulls scapula medially, and pulls scapula/shoulder downward. |
| Levator Ani | Supports pelvic viscera, and provides sphinterlike action in anal canal and vagina |
| Bulbospongiosus | Emptying of urethra in males during ejaculation; constrict vagina in females |
| Spincter Urethrae | Opens and closes urethra |
| Psoas Major | Flexes thigh |
| Gluteus Maximus | Extends thigh at hip |
| Gluteus Medius | Abducts and rotates thigh medially |
| Adductor Longus | Adducts, flexes, and rotates thigh laterally |
| Adductor Magnus | Adducts, extends, and rotates thigh laterally. |
| Hamstring Group | Flexors |
| Biceps Femoris | Flexes and rotates leg laterally and extends thigh. |
| Semitendinous | Flexes and rotates leg medially and extends thigh |
| Semimembranosus | Flexes and rotates leg medially and extends thigh |
| Sartonius | Flexes leg and thigh; abducts and rotates thigh laterally |
| Quadriceps Femoris | All connect the illium and femur to a common patellar tendon which passed over the front of the knee and attaches to the tibia. Powerful leg extensions. Rectus Femoris. Vastus Lateralis. Vastus Medialis. Vastus Intermedius. |
| Tibialis Anterior | Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot. |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus | Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot and extension of toes. |
| Gastrocnemius | Plantar flexion of foot and flexion of leg at the knee, the "calf" |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus | Plantar and inversion of foot; flexion of four lateral toes. |
| External Oblique | Tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents |
| Rectus Femoris | Leg extensor-Quadriceps Femoris Group |
| Vastus Lateralis | Leg extensor-Quadriceps Femoris Group |
| Vastus Medialis | Leg extensor-Quadriceps Femoris Group |
| Vastus Intermedius | Leg extensor-Quadriceps Femoris Group |
| Deltoid | Abducts, extends, and flexes arm |
| Pectoralis Major | Flexes, adducts, and rotates arm medially |
| Latissimus Dorsi | Extends, adducts, and rotates the arm medially, or pulls the shoulder downward and back. |
| Biceps Brachii | Flexes elbow and rotates hand laterally |
| Triceps Brachii | Extends elbow |
| Levator Scapulae | Elevates Scapula |
Created by:
whysayname
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