Muscles
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| consists of 3 muscle columns; action is keeping spine extension; prime mover of extension; sacrospinalis | erector spinae
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| triceps brachii prime mover of | forearm extension
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| biceps brachii & brachialis __ forearm flexors | chief
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| O tubercle below glenoid cavity I olecranon process | long head of triceps brachii
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| O posterior shaft of humerus I olecranon process | lateral & medial heads of triceps brachii
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| prime mover of extension at elbow joint (forearm extension) | triceps brachii
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| O coracoid process; I radial tuberosity | short head biceps brachii
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| O tubercle above glenoid cavity; tendon runs w/n joint capsule & in intertubercular sulcus; I radial tuberosity | long head biceps brachii
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| action: elbow flexion, supinates forearm | biceps brachii
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| those that cause wrist movement & move digits | forearm muscle group
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| forearm muscle group tendons are held via | flexor & extensor retinacula
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| most anterior forearm muscles are __, each having superficial & deep layers | flexors
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| most posterior forearm muscles are __, each having superficial & deep layers | extensors
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| forearm pronators are __ muscles but pronate the forearm | anterior
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| forearm supinators are __muscle but w/biceps brachii supinates the forearm | posterior
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| wrist flexor; O- ulna; I- carpal bones | flexor carpi ulnaris
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| extends wrist; O- ulna; 1st-5th metacarpal | extensor carpi ulnaris
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| most __ compartment muscles of hip & thigh __ femur at hip & __ leg at knee | anterior; flex; extend
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| __ compartment muscles of hip & thigh __ thigh & __ leg | posterior; extend' flex
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| medial compartment muscles of leg all __ thigh | adduct
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| three groups of leg muscles, anterior, posterior, & medial compartment muscles, are enclosed by __ __ | fascia lata
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| forms bulk of buttock mass; site of I/M injections; overlies sciatic nerve; O dorsal ilium; I gluteal tuberosity; action: strong extensor of thigh | gluteus maximus
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| O- dorsal ilium; I- greater trochanter of femur; Action: abduction & medial rotation of thigh | gluteus medius
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| O- iliac fossa/iliac crest; I- lesser trochanter of femur by common tendon w/psoas major; action: prime mover of thigh flexion at hip joint | iliacus
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| O- transverse processes, bodies of T12 & lumbar vertebrae; I- lesser trochanter of femur by common tendon w/iliacus action: prime mover of thigh flexion at hip joint | psoas major
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| longest muscle in body, crosses both hip & knee joints; O-anterior superior iliac spine; I- medial aspect of proximal tibia; action: flexes hip, laterally rotates thigh, helps assume cross legged position; tailors muscle | sartorius
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| O- ischium & pubis; I- linea aspera of femur; action: adduction at hip joint | adductor magnus
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| O-pubis; I- tibia; adducts & flexes thigh | gracilis
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| movements of knee joint; rectus femoris & 3 Vasti; sole extensor of the knee; arises from 4 heads | quadriceps femoris
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| O- anterior inferior iliac spine; I-common quadriceps tendon inserts into patella, then via patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity | rectus femoris
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| O- femur; I-common quadriceps tendon inserts into patella, then via patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity | vastus lateralis, medialis, & intermedius
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| rectus femoris also has movement of | flexion of thigh
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| muscles on posterior thigh, cross hip & knee joint; NS sciatic nerve | hamstrings
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| O- common origin from ischial tuberosity; I- Tibia (various sites); action: prime movers of knee flexion & thigh extension | biceps femoris, semitendinosus, & semimembranosus
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| divides leg into 3 compartments: anterior, lateral, & posterior | fascia
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| leg muscles that produce dorsiflexion & plantar flexion | ankle
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| leg muscles that produce inversion & eversion of foot | intertarsal joints
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| leg muscles that produce flexion & extension | toes
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| muscles of anterior compartment of leg are __ extensors & __ dorsiflexors | toe; ankle
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| O-lateral tibial condyle, upper 2/3 tibial shaft; I-1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform; prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot | tibialis anterior
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| muscles that plantar flex & evert foot; include fibularis longus & fibularis brevis | muscles of lateral compartment of lower leg
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| muscles that primarily plantar flex foot & flex toes; include gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexors of digits & big toe | muscles of posterior compartment of lower leg
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| shape posterior calf, & insert via common Achilles tendon on calcaneous; action: prime movers of ankle plantar flexion | gastrocnemius & soleus
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| has 2 bellies; O- medial & lateral condyles of femur; I- via Achilles tendon into calcaneous; action: plantar flexion | gastrocnemius
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| O-lower ribs; I- via aponeurosis to linea alba; help rectus abdominis in its actions; rotate spine | external oblique
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| O- pubic crest & symphysis; I- costal cartilages 5-7; flex vertebral column, compress abdomen (increases intra-abdominal pressure) | rectus abdominis
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| composed of 4 paired muscles, their fasciae, & their aponeuroses; external oblique; internal oblique; rectus abdominis; transversus abdominis | abdominal wall
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| abdominal wall muscles are involved w/lateral flexion & rotation of __ | trunk
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| abdominal wall muscles help promote | urination, defecation, childbirth, vomiting, coughing
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| quiet expiration is __ | passive
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| most important muscle in inspiration (prime mover) | diaphragm
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| deeper layer- depress the rib cage & aid in forced expiration | internal intercostals
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| O- inferior border of rib above; I- superior border of rib below; more superficial, lifts rib cage to allow inspiration (help diaphragm) | external intercostals
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| all originate in the scapula & insert on lesser tubercle of humerus (subscapularis) & greater tubercle (the rest 3); function to stabilize shoulder joint & prevent its dislocation | rotator cuff muscles
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| axillary nerve that supplies deltoid may be injured in __ of shoulder joint | dislocations
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| axillary nerve that supplies deltoid may be injured in fracture of __ __ of humerus | surgical neck
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| axillary nerve that supplies deltoid causes __ of deltoid muscle & arm __ is impaired | paralysis; abduction
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| deltoid is frequent site for | I/M injections
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| O- acromion, spine of scapula & lateral 3rd of clavicle; I- deltoid tuberosity of humerus; action: prime mover of arm abduction | deltoid
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| nerve supply of deltoid is __ __ | axillary nerve
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| only __ __ of deltoid helps pect. major w/flexion of arm | anterior fibers
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| deltoid active during arm | swinging, during walking
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| only __ __ of deltoid helps lat. dorsi w/arm extension | posterior fibers
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| O- via fascia lower 3-4 ribs, spines of lower thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest; I- floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus; action: prime mover of arm extension | latissimus dorsi
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| O- sternal end of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages1-6; I- greater tubercle of humerus; action: prime mover of arm flexion | pectoralis major
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| O- occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 & all thoracic vertebrae; I- acromion, spine of scapula & lateral 3rd of clavicle; action: scapular elevation, depression, & retraction | trapezius
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| superior fibers of trapezius provide action of __ __ | scapular elevation
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| middle fibers of trapezius provide action of __ __ | scapular retraction
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| inferior fibers of trapezius provide action of __ __ | scapular depression
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| O- Ribs 1-8; I- vertebral border of scapula; action: holds scapula against chest wall & also helps to stabilize scapula; ‘Boxers muscle’ | serratus anterior
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| damage to long __ __ causes paralysis of serratus anterior muscle, causing winging of scapula | thoracic nerve
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| scapula slips away from rib cage, giving wing-like appearance on upper back | winging of scapula
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| muscles acting on pectoral region cause anterior movements of scapula, including | pectoralis minor, serratus anterior
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| muscles acting on pectoral region cause posterior movements of scapula, including | trapezius muscles, levator scapulae, rhomboids
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| muscles acting on the pectoral region that cause movements of arm at shoulder joint | pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
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| O-Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T6; I-Mastoid process adjacent occipital bone & transverse processes of cervical vertebrae | two splenius muscles of neck
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| action: extend & hyperextend head | two splenius muscles
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| 2 headed muscle deep to platysma; O- manubrium of sternum, medial part of clavicle; I- mastoid process of temporal bone | sternocleidomastoid
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| sternocleidomastoid spasm causes | torticollis
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| action: acting together sternocleidomastoid provides | neck flexion
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| action: acting alone sternocleidomastoid rotates head so | face is turned towards opposite side
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| action: sternocleidomastoid provides __ flexion of head | lateral
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| O- zygomatic arch & maxilla; I- angle & ramus of mandible | masseter
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| masseter action | biting, chewing, & close jaw
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| 4-pairs of muscles involved in mastication | buccinators, medial & lateral pterygoids, temporalis, masseter
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| sheet like neck muscle, plays role in facial expression | platysma
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| platysma actions __ __ lower lip | pulls down
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| platysma actions __ __ of neck | tenses skin
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| Surrounds rim of orbit; O- frontal & maxillary bones; I- tissue of eyelids | orbicularis oculi
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| orbicularis oculi action | squinting, blinking, draws eyebrows inferiorly
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| action: protrudes lips, purses lips, closes lips; kissing & whistling muscle | orbicularis oris
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| action: Raise lateral corners of muscles upward; smiling muscle | zygomaticus minor & major
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| consists of frontal & occipital belly | epicranius
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| epicranius belly muscles have __ actions of pulling __ forward and backward | alternate; scalp
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| location, shape, relative size, direction of fibers, location of attachments, & action of muscles determines | name of skeletal muscles
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| provide major force for producing specific movement | prime movers
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| oppose/reverse particular movement | antagonists
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| add force to a movement; reduce undesirable/unnecessary movement | synergists
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| synergists that immobilize bone/muscle’s origin | fixators
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| muscle w/broad O & fascicles tend toward single point of I; triangular/fan-shaped | convergent
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| long axis of fascicles correspond to long axis of muscle; strap-like/spindle-shaped muscles | parallel
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| muscle that has fleshy belly, tapering at either extremity; separate class of spindle-shaped muscles | fusiform
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| short fascicles, attaching obliquely to central tendon, which runs length of muscle, toward which fascicles converge on either side | pennate
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| short fascicles, attaching obliquely to central tendon, which runs length of muscle, toward which fascicles insert on both sides; muscle-grain resembles feather | bipennate
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| short fascicles, attaching obliquely to central tendon, which runs length of muscle, toward which fascicles only insert on one side tendon | unipennate
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| muscle w/several central tendons toward which muscle fibers converge; like many feathers situated side-by-side | multipennate
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| pectoralis muscle originates on | anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5
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| anterior muscles of pectoral girdle include | pectoralis minor & serratus anterior
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| muscles of shoulder can be divided into 3 separate groups based on | distribution & functional relationships
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| rotator cuff muscles act to | stabilize humerus
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| muscles of shoulder joint are divided into | rotator cuff, glenohumeral joint, & pectoral girdle
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| components of pectoral girdle include | clavicle & humerus
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| primary function of pectoral girdle is to provide | only connection btwn arm & axial skeleton
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| rhomboid minor muscle originates on | spinous process of C7-T1
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| levator scapula originates on | transverse processes of C1-4
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| levator scapula inserts on | scapula medial border, just superior to spine of scapula
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| rhomboid minor muscle inserts on | scapula medial border, at level of scapula spine
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| rhomboid major muscle originates on | spinous process of T2-5
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| rhomboid major muscle inserts on | scapula medial border, inferior to scapula spine
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| trapezius originates on | external occipital protuberance & superior nuchal line
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| trapezius inserts on | spinous processes of C7-T12, lateral 1/2 of clavicle, scapula spine & scapula acromion
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| rhomboideus minor muscle originates on which process of vertebrae? | spinous
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| levator scapulae, rhomboideus minor, rhomboideus major, & trapezius | muscles that comprise posterior group of pectoral girdle
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| external occipital protuberance is | 1 of origin sites for trapezius
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| scapula is loosely attached to __ __, making it capable of considerable movement | thoracic cage
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| 1 movement of scapula is __ __, or raising of glenoid cavity | lateral rotation
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| 1 movement of scapula is __ __, or lowering of glenoid cavity | medial rotation
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| scapula is capable of __ & __ movements, shrugging of shoulders | elevation; depression
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| scapula is capable of __ & __ movements, making back concave or convex | protraction; retraction
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| lateral rotation of scapula results from | contraction of serratus anterior & trapezius
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| medial rotation of scapula results from | contraction of levator scapulae & rhomboid major/minor
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| elevation of scapula results from | contraction of levator scapulae, rhomboid major/minor, & trapezius
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| depression of scapula results from | trapezius & serratus anterior
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| scapular protraction is caused by | contraction of serratus anterior & pectoralis minor
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| scapular retraction is caused by | contraction of both rhomboids & trapezius
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| elevation is action that | moves scapula towards head
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| serratus anterior muscle is associated w/scapular movements of __ & __ | protraction; depression
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| rotator cuff__ & __ glenohumeral joint | stabilizes; reinforces
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| rotator cuff muscles provide __ movement | rotational
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| subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, & teres minor are | muscles that make up rotator cuff
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| tendons of subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, & teres minor | combine at humeral head
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| subscapularis originates | anterior side of scapula, in subscapular fossa
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| subscapularis inserts on | lesser tubercle of humerus
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| subscapularis prevents humeral head from | sliding upward out of humeral joint as arm is raised
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| supraspinatus originate on posterior aspect of scapula, above scapular spine, | within supraspinous fossa
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| supraspinatus inserts on | most superior aspect of greater tubercle of humerus
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| supraspinatus angle is in position to | abduct humerus
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| supraspinatus prevents __ __ of humerus when arm is relaxed or when carrying weight | downward dislocation
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| infraspinatus originates on posterior of scapula, below scapular spine, | within infraspinous fossa
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| infraspinatus inserts on | greater tubercle of humerus
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| infraspinatus rotates humerus | laterally
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| infraspinatus supports subscapularis muscle by | preventing humoral head from sliding upward when arm is raised
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| teres minor originates on | axillary border of scapula
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| teres minor inserts on | greater tubercle just below insertion of infraspinatus
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| teres minor provides for __ rotation of humerus | external
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| teres minor provides for __ of joint | stabilization
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| most important function of rotator cuff muscles is to | keep humeral head centered within glenoidal cavity
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| keeping humeral head centered within glenoid cavity requires that | muscle be in same plane as humerus
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| rotator cuff muscles __ __ __ from humerus on acromion process of scapula | decrease upward pressure
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| there are __ __ that cross shoulder joint & act on humerus | nine muscles
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| deltoid, pectoralis major, & latissimus dorsi are | considered prime movers of shoulder joint
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| coracobrachialis originates on | coracoid process of scapula
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| coracobrachialis inserts on | medial surface of humerus
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| __ head of biceps brachii originates on coracoid process of scapula | short
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| __ head of biceps brachii originates on supraglenoid tubercle of scapular glenoid cavity | long
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| 2 heads of biceps brachii come together, distally, and insert on | radial tuberosity just distal to elbow joint
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| deltoid originates on | anterior border of clavicle, acromion, & posterior border of spine of scapula
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| deltoid inserts at | deltoid tuberosity of humerus
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| anterior scapular muscles include | deltoid, coracobrachialis, & biceps brachii
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| three sets of __ __ compose deltoid muscle | distinct fibers
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| teres major originates on | inferior angle of scapula
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| teres major inserts on | interior edge of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
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| teres major is __ __ muscle that crosses glenohumeral joint | posterior scapular
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| pectoralis major muscle originates on | sternal angle of clavicle, sternum, & costal cartilages of ribs 1-6
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| pectoralis major muscles converge to insert on | lateral edge of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
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| pectoralis major is __ __ muscle that crosses glenohumeral joint | anterior axial
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| latissimus dorsi originates on | T7-L5, lower 3-4 ribs, coccyx & iliac crest
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| latissimus dorsi originates on iliac crest & coccyx via | thoracolumbar fascia
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| latissimus dorsi converges to insertion point | within intertubercular sulcus of humerus
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| latissimus dorsi is the larger of __ __, both anterior & posterior, that cross glenohumeral joint | axial muscles
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| flexion of glenohumeral joint would be __ in anterior angle, in relation to anatomical position | reduction
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| abduction is movement of shoulder | away & laterally from body
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| deltoid & pectoralis major are __ __ of glenohumeral joint flexion | prime movers
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| extension of glenohumeral joint results from contraction of teres major | which is the synergist
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| middle portion of deltoid muscle is | prime mover of shoulder abduction
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| without lateral rotation of humerus by teres minor & infraspinatus | maximum angle of abduction would be 90º
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| movement at elbow joint is summarized as | flexion & extension
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| movement of forearm is summarized as | pronation & supination
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| anterior arm flexors consist of | brachialis, brachioradialis, & biceps brachii
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| __ __ of the biceps brachii insert on radial tuberosity | two heads
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| masseter originates on | zygomatic arch & maxilla
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| masseter inserts on | angle & ramus of mandible
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| action of masseter works to | close jaw
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| sternocleidomastoid originates on | manubrium of sternum & medial part of clavicle
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| sternocleidomastoid inserts on | mastoid process of temporal bone
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| muscles of sternocleidomastoid act together in | neck flexion
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| muscles of sternocleidomastoid acting alone | rotates heads so face is turned to opposite side
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| muscles of sternocleidomastoid also provide __ neck flexion | lateral
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| splenius capitis originates on | inferior half of ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes of C7-T3
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| splenius capitis inserts on | mastoid process of temporal bone & superior nuchal line of occipital bone
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| splenius capitis, acting bilaterally, | extends head & neck
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| splenius capitis, acting unilaterally, | extends & rotates head to same side
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| erector spinae consists of | three muscle columns
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| is prime mover of back extension | erector spinae
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| erector spinae is also called | sacrospinalis
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| triceps brachii has __ heads | three
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| long head of triceps brachii originates on | infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
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| heads of triceps brachii inserts on | olecranon process of ulna
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| lateral head of triceps brachii originates on | lateral/superior 1/2 of humerus, superior & lateral to radial groove
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| medial head of triceps brachii originates on | inferior 2/3 of medial & posterior humerus, inferior to radial groove
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| triceps brachii are __ __ of forearm __ at elbow | prime mover; extension
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| three heads of triceps brachii arise from | humerus & scapula
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| long head of biceps brachii originates on | supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
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| short head of biceps brachii originates on | tip of coracoid process of scapula
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| both heads of biceps brachii insert, by a common tendon, on | radial tuberosity & bicipital aponeurosis
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| blends with medial fascia of forearm __ of both heads of biceps brachii | insertion
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| biceps brachii is responsible for elbow __ & __ of forearm | flexion; supination
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| brachialis originates on | distal 1/2 of inferior humerus
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| brachialis inserts on | tuberosity & coronoid process of ulna
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| brachialis flexes | forearm at elbow
🗑
|
||||
| pronator teres has __ & __ heads | humeral; ulnar
🗑
|
||||
| humeral head of pronator teres originates on | superior to medial epicondyle of humerus
🗑
|
||||
| ulnar head of pronator teres originates on | medial side of coronoid process of ulna
🗑
|
||||
| heads of pronator teres insert on | midlateral surface of radius
🗑
|
||||
| pronator teres pronates forearm & | assist with elbow flexion
🗑
|
||||
| flexor digitorum superficialis heads consists of | humeral, ulnar, & radial
🗑
|
||||
| flexor digitorum superficialis inserts to | middle phalanges of digits 2-5
🗑
|
||||
| flexor digitorum superficialis | flexes proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5, metacarpalphalangeal joints, & flexion of wrist
🗑
|
||||
| flexor carpi radialis inserts on | metacarpal 2 & 3
🗑
|
||||
| flexor carpi radialis __ & __ wrist | flexes; abducts
🗑
|
||||
| flexor carpi ulnaris inserts on | pisiform, hamate, & metacarpal 5
🗑
|
||||
| flexor carpi ulnaris __ & __ wrist | flexes; adducts
🗑
|
||||
| brachioradialis originates on | supracondylar ridge of humerus
🗑
|
||||
| brachioradialis inserts on | base of styloid process of radius
🗑
|
||||
| brachioradialis is strong forearm flexor when | forearm semi-pronated
🗑
|
||||
| supinator muscle inserts on | superior-lateral 1/3 of radius
🗑
|
||||
| supinator muscle supinates forearm such that | palm turns anterior
🗑
|
||||
| extensor digitorum inserts on | distal phalanges of digits 2-5
🗑
|
||||
| extensor digitorum passes under | extensor retinacula
🗑
|
||||
| extensor carpi radialis longus passes under extensor retinacula, and inserts on | base of metacarpal 2
🗑
|
||||
| extensor carpi radialis brevis inserts passes under extensor retinacula, on | dorsal surface of base of metacarpal 3
🗑
|
||||
| extensor carpi ulnaris passes under extensor retinacula, & inserts on | base of metacarpal 5
🗑
|
||||
| gluteus maximus originates on | ilium, sacrum, coccyx, & sacrotuberous ligament
🗑
|
||||
| gluteus maximus inserts on | gluteal tuberosity & iliotibial tract of fasciata
🗑
|
||||
| gluteus maximus is __ __ of thigh | strongest extensor
🗑
|
||||
| gluteus medius originates on | posterior iliac crest
🗑
|
||||
| gluteus medius inserts on | greater trochanter of femur
🗑
|
||||
| gluteus medius __ & medially __ thigh | abducts; rotates
🗑
|
||||
| iliopsoas consists of | psoas major/minor & iliacus
🗑
|
||||
| psoas major originates on | transverse processes, bodies of
T12-L5
🗑
|
||||
| psoas major & iliacus insert on | lesser trochanter of femur by common tendon
🗑
|
||||
| iliacus originates on | iliac fossa & crest
🗑
|
||||
| iliopsoas is __ __ of thigh flexion at __ joint | prime mover; hip
🗑
|
||||
| sartorius originates on | anterior superior iliac spine
🗑
|
||||
| sartorius inserts on | medial aspect of proximal tibia
🗑
|
||||
| sartorius __ hip & __ rotates thigh | flexes; laterally
🗑
|
||||
| sartorius helps assume | cross-legged position
🗑
|
||||
| sartorius is known as | tailor's muscle
🗑
|
||||
| adductor magnus originates on | ischium & pubis
🗑
|
||||
| adductor magnus inserts on | linea aspera of femur
🗑
|
||||
| adductor magnus completes | adduction at hip joint
🗑
|
||||
| gracilis originates on | pubis
🗑
|
||||
| gracilis inserts on | tibia
🗑
|
||||
| action of gracilis is | adduction & flexion of thigh
🗑
|
||||
| rectus femoris originates on | anterior inferior iliac spine
🗑
|
||||
| vastus- lateralis, medialis, & intermedius originate on | femur
🗑
|
||||
| rectus femoris & vastus- lateralis, medialis, & intermedius insert via common __ tendon into __ | quadriceps; patella
🗑
|
||||
| action of rectus femoris & vastus- lateralis, medialis, intermedius is | knee extension
🗑
|
||||
| rectus femoris also acts to | flex thigh
🗑
|
||||
| muscles on posterior thigh that cross hip & knee joint are | hamstrings
🗑
|
||||
| lateral hamstring muscle | biceps femoris
🗑
|
||||
| lateral hamstring muscle that is deep to semimembranous | semitendinous
🗑
|
||||
| hamstring muscles that have common origin from ischial tuberosity | biceps femoris, semimembranous, semitendinous
🗑
|
||||
| biceps femoris, semimembranous, semitendinous are hamstring muscles that insert on | various sites on tibia
🗑
|
||||
| biceps femoris, semimembranous, semitendinous are hamstring muscles that are considered | prime movers of knee flexion & thigh extensors
🗑
|
||||
| divides leg into anterior, posterior, & lateral | leg fascia
🗑
|
||||
| muscles of anterior compartment of lower leg are | toe extensors & ankle dorsiflexors
🗑
|
||||
| muscle of anterior compartment of lower leg, tibialis anterior, originates on | lateral tibial condyle & upper 2/3 tibial shaft
🗑
|
||||
| tibialis anterior inserts on | 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform
🗑
|
||||
| tibialis anterior is prime mover of | dorsiflexion
🗑
|
||||
| tibialis anterior __ the foot | inverts
🗑
|
||||
| muscles of lateral compartment of lower leg | plantar flex & evert foot
🗑
|
||||
| muscles of lateral compartment of lower leg include | fibularis longus & brevis
🗑
|
||||
| muscles of posterior compartment of lower leg | primarily plantar flex foot & flex toes
🗑
|
||||
| muscles of posterior compartment of lower leg include | gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, and flexors of digits & big toe
🗑
|
||||
| gastrocnemius & soleus __ posterior calf, & __ via common Achilles tendon on calcaneous | shape; insert
🗑
|
||||
| gastrocnemius & soleus are prime movers of ankle | plantar flexion
🗑
|
||||
| gastrocnemius originates on | medial & lateral condyles of femur
🗑
|
||||
| gastrocnemius inserts via | Achilles tendon into calcaneous
🗑
|
||||
| action of gastrocnemius is __ flexion | plantar
🗑
|
||||
| rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius insert via common quadriceps tendon into patella then via | patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity
🗑
|
||||
| rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius are all part of | quadriceps femoris
🗑
|
||||
| quadriceps femoris is __ __ of knee | sole extensor
🗑
|
||||
| movements of knee joint include | rectus femoris & 3 vasti muscles, which make up quadriceps femoris
🗑
|
||||
| rectus femoris acts on | both knee & thigh
🗑
|
||||
| action: pectineus is | hip adductor
🗑
|
||||
| vastus medialis __ __ at knee | extends leg
🗑
|
||||
| biceps femoris is __ member of group of muscles known as __ | lateral; hamstrings
🗑
|
||||
| semimembranosus __ member of group of muscles known as __ | medial; hamstrings
🗑
|
||||
| semitendinosus is __ member of group of muscles known as __ | superficial; hamstrings
🗑
|
||||
| tibialis anterior __ foot at ankle | dorsiflexes
🗑
|
||||
| extensor digitorum longus inserts on __ 2-5 of __ | digits; foot
🗑
|
||||
| extensor digitorum longus extends __ & __ joints of digits 2-5 | metatarsophalangeael; interphalangeal
🗑
|
||||
| extensor digitorum longus __ __ in dorsiflexion of foot | also assist
🗑
|
||||
| extensor hallucis inserts on base of distal phalanx of | digit 1
🗑
|
||||
| extensor hallucis extends __ __ of the big toe & assist in __ of foot | all joints; dorsiflexion
🗑
|
||||
| fibularis longus originates on | head of fibula
🗑
|
||||
| tendon of fibularis longus passes posterior to __ __ of fibula | lateral malleolus
🗑
|
||||
| tendon of fibularis longus inserts on __ __ of metatarsal 1 & medial surface of __ | lateral surface; cuneiform
🗑
|
||||
| tendon of fibularis longus passes posterior of | sole of foot
🗑
|
||||
| fibularis longus __ foot & assist in __ flexion of foot at ankle | everts; plantar
🗑
|
||||
| rectus abdominis originates on | pubic crest & symphysis
🗑
|
||||
| rectus abdominis inserts on | costal cartilages 5-7
🗑
|
||||
| rectus abdominis __ vertebral column & __ abdomen | flexes; compresses
🗑
|
||||
| rectus abdominis __ intraabdominal pressure | increases
🗑
|
||||
| external oblique originates on | lower ribs
🗑
|
||||
| external oblique inserts via | aponeurosis to linea alba
🗑
|
||||
| adductor longus is a muscle name that describes | action
🗑
|
||||
| temporalis is muscle name that describes | location
🗑
|
||||
| transverse abdominis is muscle name that describes | direction of fibers
🗑
|
||||
| deltoid is muscle name that describes | shape
🗑
|
||||
| gluteus maximus is muscle name that describes | size
🗑
|
||||
| muscles that perform most of action in producing movement | agonists
🗑
|
||||
| muscles that help prime mover by contracting at same time to assist in movement so that movement is more effective | synergists
🗑
|
||||
| muscles that relax when prime mover and synergists are contracting | antagonists
🗑
|
||||
| muscle that raises eyebrows | epicranius
🗑
|
||||
| sphincter muscles of eyelids; permits winking and blinking | orbicularis oculi
🗑
|
||||
| raises lateral corners of the mouth; smiling muscle | zygomaticus
🗑
|
||||
| depresses lower lip | depressor labii inferioris
🗑
|
||||
| elevates and retracts mandible | temporalis
🗑
|
||||
| elevates mandible | masseter
🗑
|
||||
| elevates mandible and moves mandible side to side | medial pterygoid
🗑
|
||||
| protracts mandible and moves mandible side to side | lateral pterygoid
🗑
|
||||
| flexes and laterally rotates the head | sternocleidomastoid
🗑
|
||||
| composite muscle located along the back from thoracic region to head | semispinalis capitis, cervicis, and thoracis
🗑
|
||||
| broad two-part muscle that lies on the back of neck between base of skull and upper thorax | splenius capitis and cervicis
🗑
|
||||
| muscles on the side of the neck located deep to platysma and sternocleidomastoid | scalenus
🗑
|
||||
| stabilizes, elevates, rotates, and retracts the scapula; helps extend the head with the scapula fixed | trapezius
🗑
|
||||
| steadies, retracts, and rotates the scapula | rhomboids (major and minor)
🗑
|
||||
| elevates, adducts, retracts, and steadies the scapula; flexes neck to the same side when the scapula is fixed | levator scapulae
🗑
|
||||
| extends, adducts, and rotates arm medially | latissimus dorsi
🗑
|
||||
| abducts arm; anterior part flexes and rotates arm medially | deltoid
🗑
|
||||
| chief medial rotator of arm | subscapularis
🗑
|
||||
| abducts arm; stabilizes shoulder joint | supraspinatus
🗑
|
||||
| flexes forearm at elbow joint; supinates forearm | biceps brachii
🗑
|
||||
| powerful flexor of forearm | brachialis
🗑
|
||||
| prime mover of forearm extension | triceps brachii
🗑
|
||||
| pronates forearm and is a flexor of the elbow | pronator teres
🗑
|
||||
| flexes wrist; aids abduction of hand | flexor carpi radialis
🗑
|
||||
| flexes wrist and adducts hand | flexor carpi ulnaris
🗑
|
||||
| flexes the four fingers and wrist | flexor digitorum superficialis
🗑
|
||||
| abducts and extends thumb | abductor pollicis longus
🗑
|
||||
| flexes fingers and assists in flexing wrist | flexor digitorum profundus
🗑
|
||||
| pronates forearm and hand | pronator quadratus
🗑
|
||||
| extends fingers and hand | extensor digitorum
🗑
|
||||
| adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg | gracilis
🗑
|
||||
| extends and laterally rotates thigh; extends hip against resistance | gluteus maximus
🗑
|
||||
| rotates thigh laterally | quadratus femoris
🗑
|
||||
| flexes and adducts thigh | pectineus
🗑
|
||||
| extends leg at knee and flexes thigh at hip | rectus femoris
🗑
|
||||
| flexes leg on thigh; flexes thigh on pelvis | sartorius
🗑
|
||||
| flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee | biceps femoris
🗑
|
||||
| flexes leg and rotates it medially; adducts thigh | gracilis
🗑
|
||||
| plantar flexes foot; flex leg at knee | gastrocnemius
🗑
|
||||
| dorsiflexes foot and inverts foot | tibialis anterior
🗑
|
||||
| plantar flexes foot; important in posture | soleus
🗑
|
||||
| everts foot; plantar flexes foot | fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis
🗑
|
||||
| close body openings by contracting | circular
🗑
|
||||
| has a broad origin; single tendon of insertion | convergent
🗑
|
||||
| strap-like with an expanded belly; great ability to shorten but NOT very powerful | parallel
🗑
|
||||
| fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle; do NOT shorten as much but are more powerful | pennate
🗑
|
||||
| rigid bar that moves on a fixed point | lever
🗑
|
||||
| fixed point upon which a lever moves | fulcrum
🗑
|
||||
| applied force | effort
🗑
|
||||
| resistance | load
🗑
|
||||
| example of lever | radius
🗑
|
||||
| example of fulcrum | elbow joint
🗑
|
||||
| example of effort | biceps brachii
🗑
|
||||
| example of load | distal end of forearm, hand, and anything you are holding
🗑
|
||||
| effort is applied at one end of the lever; the load at the other; fulcrum somewhere in between | 1st class lever
🗑
|
||||
| effort applied at one end of the lever; the fulcrum located at the other; load between them | 2nd class lever
🗑
|
||||
| effort applied between the load and the fulcrum | 3rd class lever
🗑
|
||||
| example of 1st class lever | lifting your head off your chest
🗑
|
||||
| example of 2nd class lever | standing on tip-toe
🗑
|
||||
| example of 3rd class lever | flexing forearm w/biceps
🗑
|
||||
| most common lever systems in the body | 3rd class
🗑
|
||||
| damage to __ __ would interfere with quiet breathing | external intercostals
🗑
|
||||
| muscles with fibers that run straight or parallel to the long axis of the body are called | rectus
🗑
|
||||
| muscular wall of the abdomen is composed of | oblique and rectus muscles
🗑
|
||||
| major abductor muscle of the upper arm | deltoid
🗑
|
||||
| extensor digitorum muscle is an example of | pennate muscle
🗑
|
||||
| second-class levers have | great strength but are slow and have little range of motion
🗑
|
||||
| platysma muscle | divides the neck into two triangles
🗑
|
||||
| external intercostals | lifts the rib cage during inspiration
🗑
|
||||
| common site for injections in infants who have poorly formed buttocks | vastus lateralis
🗑
|
||||
| shin splints are caused by | irritation of the tibialis anterior
🗑
|
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