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A&P - Ch10
Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| consists of 3 muscle columns; action is keeping spine extension; prime mover of extension; sacrospinalis | erector spinae |
| triceps brachii prime mover of | forearm extension |
| biceps brachii & brachialis __ forearm flexors | chief |
| O tubercle below glenoid cavity I olecranon process | long head of triceps brachii |
| O posterior shaft of humerus I olecranon process | lateral & medial heads of triceps brachii |
| prime mover of extension at elbow joint (forearm extension) | triceps brachii |
| O coracoid process; I radial tuberosity | short head biceps brachii |
| O tubercle above glenoid cavity; tendon runs w/n joint capsule & in intertubercular sulcus; I radial tuberosity | long head biceps brachii |
| action: elbow flexion, supinates forearm | biceps brachii |
| those that cause wrist movement & move digits | forearm muscle group |
| forearm muscle group tendons are held via | flexor & extensor retinacula |
| most anterior forearm muscles are __, each having superficial & deep layers | flexors |
| most posterior forearm muscles are __, each having superficial & deep layers | extensors |
| forearm pronators are __ muscles but pronate the forearm | anterior |
| forearm supinators are __muscle but w/biceps brachii supinates the forearm | posterior |
| wrist flexor; O- ulna; I- carpal bones | flexor carpi ulnaris |
| extends wrist; O- ulna; 1st-5th metacarpal | extensor carpi ulnaris |
| most __ compartment muscles of hip & thigh __ femur at hip & __ leg at knee | anterior; flex; extend |
| __ compartment muscles of hip & thigh __ thigh & __ leg | posterior; extend' flex |
| medial compartment muscles of leg all __ thigh | adduct |
| three groups of leg muscles, anterior, posterior, & medial compartment muscles, are enclosed by __ __ | fascia lata |
| forms bulk of buttock mass; site of I/M injections; overlies sciatic nerve; O dorsal ilium; I gluteal tuberosity; action: strong extensor of thigh | gluteus maximus |
| O- dorsal ilium; I- greater trochanter of femur; Action: abduction & medial rotation of thigh | gluteus medius |
| O- iliac fossa/iliac crest; I- lesser trochanter of femur by common tendon w/psoas major; action: prime mover of thigh flexion at hip joint | iliacus |
| O- transverse processes, bodies of T12 & lumbar vertebrae; I- lesser trochanter of femur by common tendon w/iliacus action: prime mover of thigh flexion at hip joint | psoas major |
| longest muscle in body, crosses both hip & knee joints; O-anterior superior iliac spine; I- medial aspect of proximal tibia; action: flexes hip, laterally rotates thigh, helps assume cross legged position; tailors muscle | sartorius |
| O- ischium & pubis; I- linea aspera of femur; action: adduction at hip joint | adductor magnus |
| O-pubis; I- tibia; adducts & flexes thigh | gracilis |
| movements of knee joint; rectus femoris & 3 Vasti; sole extensor of the knee; arises from 4 heads | quadriceps femoris |
| O- anterior inferior iliac spine; I-common quadriceps tendon inserts into patella, then via patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity | rectus femoris |
| O- femur; I-common quadriceps tendon inserts into patella, then via patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity | vastus lateralis, medialis, & intermedius |
| rectus femoris also has movement of | flexion of thigh |
| muscles on posterior thigh, cross hip & knee joint; NS sciatic nerve | hamstrings |
| O- common origin from ischial tuberosity; I- Tibia (various sites); action: prime movers of knee flexion & thigh extension | biceps femoris, semitendinosus, & semimembranosus |
| divides leg into 3 compartments: anterior, lateral, & posterior | fascia |
| leg muscles that produce dorsiflexion & plantar flexion | ankle |
| leg muscles that produce inversion & eversion of foot | intertarsal joints |
| leg muscles that produce flexion & extension | toes |
| muscles of anterior compartment of leg are __ extensors & __ dorsiflexors | toe; ankle |
| O-lateral tibial condyle, upper 2/3 tibial shaft; I-1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform; prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot | tibialis anterior |
| muscles that plantar flex & evert foot; include fibularis longus & fibularis brevis | muscles of lateral compartment of lower leg |
| muscles that primarily plantar flex foot & flex toes; include gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexors of digits & big toe | muscles of posterior compartment of lower leg |
| shape posterior calf, & insert via common Achilles tendon on calcaneous; action: prime movers of ankle plantar flexion | gastrocnemius & soleus |
| has 2 bellies; O- medial & lateral condyles of femur; I- via Achilles tendon into calcaneous; action: plantar flexion | gastrocnemius |
| O-lower ribs; I- via aponeurosis to linea alba; help rectus abdominis in its actions; rotate spine | external oblique |
| O- pubic crest & symphysis; I- costal cartilages 5-7; flex vertebral column, compress abdomen (increases intra-abdominal pressure) | rectus abdominis |
| composed of 4 paired muscles, their fasciae, & their aponeuroses; external oblique; internal oblique; rectus abdominis; transversus abdominis | abdominal wall |
| abdominal wall muscles are involved w/lateral flexion & rotation of __ | trunk |
| abdominal wall muscles help promote | urination, defecation, childbirth, vomiting, coughing |
| quiet expiration is __ | passive |
| most important muscle in inspiration (prime mover) | diaphragm |
| deeper layer- depress the rib cage & aid in forced expiration | internal intercostals |
| O- inferior border of rib above; I- superior border of rib below; more superficial, lifts rib cage to allow inspiration (help diaphragm) | external intercostals |
| all originate in the scapula & insert on lesser tubercle of humerus (subscapularis) & greater tubercle (the rest 3); function to stabilize shoulder joint & prevent its dislocation | rotator cuff muscles |
| axillary nerve that supplies deltoid may be injured in __ of shoulder joint | dislocations |
| axillary nerve that supplies deltoid may be injured in fracture of __ __ of humerus | surgical neck |
| axillary nerve that supplies deltoid causes __ of deltoid muscle & arm __ is impaired | paralysis; abduction |
| deltoid is frequent site for | I/M injections |
| O- acromion, spine of scapula & lateral 3rd of clavicle; I- deltoid tuberosity of humerus; action: prime mover of arm abduction | deltoid |
| nerve supply of deltoid is __ __ | axillary nerve |
| only __ __ of deltoid helps pect. major w/flexion of arm | anterior fibers |
| deltoid active during arm | swinging, during walking |
| only __ __ of deltoid helps lat. dorsi w/arm extension | posterior fibers |
| O- via fascia lower 3-4 ribs, spines of lower thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest; I- floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus; action: prime mover of arm extension | latissimus dorsi |
| O- sternal end of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages1-6; I- greater tubercle of humerus; action: prime mover of arm flexion | pectoralis major |
| O- occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 & all thoracic vertebrae; I- acromion, spine of scapula & lateral 3rd of clavicle; action: scapular elevation, depression, & retraction | trapezius |
| superior fibers of trapezius provide action of __ __ | scapular elevation |
| middle fibers of trapezius provide action of __ __ | scapular retraction |
| inferior fibers of trapezius provide action of __ __ | scapular depression |
| O- Ribs 1-8; I- vertebral border of scapula; action: holds scapula against chest wall & also helps to stabilize scapula; ‘Boxers muscle’ | serratus anterior |
| damage to long __ __ causes paralysis of serratus anterior muscle, causing winging of scapula | thoracic nerve |
| scapula slips away from rib cage, giving wing-like appearance on upper back | winging of scapula |
| muscles acting on pectoral region cause anterior movements of scapula, including | pectoralis minor, serratus anterior |
| muscles acting on pectoral region cause posterior movements of scapula, including | trapezius muscles, levator scapulae, rhomboids |
| muscles acting on the pectoral region that cause movements of arm at shoulder joint | pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi |
| O-Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T6; I-Mastoid process adjacent occipital bone & transverse processes of cervical vertebrae | two splenius muscles of neck |
| action: extend & hyperextend head | two splenius muscles |
| 2 headed muscle deep to platysma; O- manubrium of sternum, medial part of clavicle; I- mastoid process of temporal bone | sternocleidomastoid |
| sternocleidomastoid spasm causes | torticollis |
| action: acting together sternocleidomastoid provides | neck flexion |
| action: acting alone sternocleidomastoid rotates head so | face is turned towards opposite side |
| action: sternocleidomastoid provides __ flexion of head | lateral |
| O- zygomatic arch & maxilla; I- angle & ramus of mandible | masseter |
| masseter action | biting, chewing, & close jaw |
| 4-pairs of muscles involved in mastication | buccinators, medial & lateral pterygoids, temporalis, masseter |
| sheet like neck muscle, plays role in facial expression | platysma |
| platysma actions __ __ lower lip | pulls down |
| platysma actions __ __ of neck | tenses skin |
| Surrounds rim of orbit; O- frontal & maxillary bones; I- tissue of eyelids | orbicularis oculi |
| orbicularis oculi action | squinting, blinking, draws eyebrows inferiorly |
| action: protrudes lips, purses lips, closes lips; kissing & whistling muscle | orbicularis oris |
| action: Raise lateral corners of muscles upward; smiling muscle | zygomaticus minor & major |
| consists of frontal & occipital belly | epicranius |
| epicranius belly muscles have __ actions of pulling __ forward and backward | alternate; scalp |
| location, shape, relative size, direction of fibers, location of attachments, & action of muscles determines | name of skeletal muscles |
| provide major force for producing specific movement | prime movers |
| oppose/reverse particular movement | antagonists |
| add force to a movement; reduce undesirable/unnecessary movement | synergists |
| synergists that immobilize bone/muscle’s origin | fixators |
| muscle w/broad O & fascicles tend toward single point of I; triangular/fan-shaped | convergent |
| long axis of fascicles correspond to long axis of muscle; strap-like/spindle-shaped muscles | parallel |
| muscle that has fleshy belly, tapering at either extremity; separate class of spindle-shaped muscles | fusiform |
| short fascicles, attaching obliquely to central tendon, which runs length of muscle, toward which fascicles converge on either side | pennate |
| short fascicles, attaching obliquely to central tendon, which runs length of muscle, toward which fascicles insert on both sides; muscle-grain resembles feather | bipennate |
| short fascicles, attaching obliquely to central tendon, which runs length of muscle, toward which fascicles only insert on one side tendon | unipennate |
| muscle w/several central tendons toward which muscle fibers converge; like many feathers situated side-by-side | multipennate |
| pectoralis muscle originates on | anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5 |
| anterior muscles of pectoral girdle include | pectoralis minor & serratus anterior |
| muscles of shoulder can be divided into 3 separate groups based on | distribution & functional relationships |
| rotator cuff muscles act to | stabilize humerus |
| muscles of shoulder joint are divided into | rotator cuff, glenohumeral joint, & pectoral girdle |
| components of pectoral girdle include | clavicle & humerus |
| primary function of pectoral girdle is to provide | only connection btwn arm & axial skeleton |
| rhomboid minor muscle originates on | spinous process of C7-T1 |
| levator scapula originates on | transverse processes of C1-4 |
| levator scapula inserts on | scapula medial border, just superior to spine of scapula |
| rhomboid minor muscle inserts on | scapula medial border, at level of scapula spine |
| rhomboid major muscle originates on | spinous process of T2-5 |
| rhomboid major muscle inserts on | scapula medial border, inferior to scapula spine |
| trapezius originates on | external occipital protuberance & superior nuchal line |
| trapezius inserts on | spinous processes of C7-T12, lateral 1/2 of clavicle, scapula spine & scapula acromion |
| rhomboideus minor muscle originates on which process of vertebrae? | spinous |
| levator scapulae, rhomboideus minor, rhomboideus major, & trapezius | muscles that comprise posterior group of pectoral girdle |
| external occipital protuberance is | 1 of origin sites for trapezius |
| scapula is loosely attached to __ __, making it capable of considerable movement | thoracic cage |
| 1 movement of scapula is __ __, or raising of glenoid cavity | lateral rotation |
| 1 movement of scapula is __ __, or lowering of glenoid cavity | medial rotation |
| scapula is capable of __ & __ movements, shrugging of shoulders | elevation; depression |
| scapula is capable of __ & __ movements, making back concave or convex | protraction; retraction |
| lateral rotation of scapula results from | contraction of serratus anterior & trapezius |
| medial rotation of scapula results from | contraction of levator scapulae & rhomboid major/minor |
| elevation of scapula results from | contraction of levator scapulae, rhomboid major/minor, & trapezius |
| depression of scapula results from | trapezius & serratus anterior |
| scapular protraction is caused by | contraction of serratus anterior & pectoralis minor |
| scapular retraction is caused by | contraction of both rhomboids & trapezius |
| elevation is action that | moves scapula towards head |
| serratus anterior muscle is associated w/scapular movements of __ & __ | protraction; depression |
| rotator cuff__ & __ glenohumeral joint | stabilizes; reinforces |
| rotator cuff muscles provide __ movement | rotational |
| subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, & teres minor are | muscles that make up rotator cuff |
| tendons of subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, & teres minor | combine at humeral head |
| subscapularis originates | anterior side of scapula, in subscapular fossa |
| subscapularis inserts on | lesser tubercle of humerus |
| subscapularis prevents humeral head from | sliding upward out of humeral joint as arm is raised |
| supraspinatus originate on posterior aspect of scapula, above scapular spine, | within supraspinous fossa |
| supraspinatus inserts on | most superior aspect of greater tubercle of humerus |
| supraspinatus angle is in position to | abduct humerus |
| supraspinatus prevents __ __ of humerus when arm is relaxed or when carrying weight | downward dislocation |
| infraspinatus originates on posterior of scapula, below scapular spine, | within infraspinous fossa |
| infraspinatus inserts on | greater tubercle of humerus |
| infraspinatus rotates humerus | laterally |
| infraspinatus supports subscapularis muscle by | preventing humoral head from sliding upward when arm is raised |
| teres minor originates on | axillary border of scapula |
| teres minor inserts on | greater tubercle just below insertion of infraspinatus |
| teres minor provides for __ rotation of humerus | external |
| teres minor provides for __ of joint | stabilization |
| most important function of rotator cuff muscles is to | keep humeral head centered within glenoidal cavity |
| keeping humeral head centered within glenoid cavity requires that | muscle be in same plane as humerus |
| rotator cuff muscles __ __ __ from humerus on acromion process of scapula | decrease upward pressure |
| there are __ __ that cross shoulder joint & act on humerus | nine muscles |
| deltoid, pectoralis major, & latissimus dorsi are | considered prime movers of shoulder joint |
| coracobrachialis originates on | coracoid process of scapula |
| coracobrachialis inserts on | medial surface of humerus |
| __ head of biceps brachii originates on coracoid process of scapula | short |
| __ head of biceps brachii originates on supraglenoid tubercle of scapular glenoid cavity | long |
| 2 heads of biceps brachii come together, distally, and insert on | radial tuberosity just distal to elbow joint |
| deltoid originates on | anterior border of clavicle, acromion, & posterior border of spine of scapula |
| deltoid inserts at | deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
| anterior scapular muscles include | deltoid, coracobrachialis, & biceps brachii |
| three sets of __ __ compose deltoid muscle | distinct fibers |
| teres major originates on | inferior angle of scapula |
| teres major inserts on | interior edge of intertubercular sulcus of humerus |
| teres major is __ __ muscle that crosses glenohumeral joint | posterior scapular |
| pectoralis major muscle originates on | sternal angle of clavicle, sternum, & costal cartilages of ribs 1-6 |
| pectoralis major muscles converge to insert on | lateral edge of intertubercular sulcus of humerus |
| pectoralis major is __ __ muscle that crosses glenohumeral joint | anterior axial |
| latissimus dorsi originates on | T7-L5, lower 3-4 ribs, coccyx & iliac crest |
| latissimus dorsi originates on iliac crest & coccyx via | thoracolumbar fascia |
| latissimus dorsi converges to insertion point | within intertubercular sulcus of humerus |
| latissimus dorsi is the larger of __ __, both anterior & posterior, that cross glenohumeral joint | axial muscles |
| flexion of glenohumeral joint would be __ in anterior angle, in relation to anatomical position | reduction |
| abduction is movement of shoulder | away & laterally from body |
| deltoid & pectoralis major are __ __ of glenohumeral joint flexion | prime movers |
| extension of glenohumeral joint results from contraction of teres major | which is the synergist |
| middle portion of deltoid muscle is | prime mover of shoulder abduction |
| without lateral rotation of humerus by teres minor & infraspinatus | maximum angle of abduction would be 90º |
| movement at elbow joint is summarized as | flexion & extension |
| movement of forearm is summarized as | pronation & supination |
| anterior arm flexors consist of | brachialis, brachioradialis, & biceps brachii |
| __ __ of the biceps brachii insert on radial tuberosity | two heads |
| masseter originates on | zygomatic arch & maxilla |
| masseter inserts on | angle & ramus of mandible |
| action of masseter works to | close jaw |
| sternocleidomastoid originates on | manubrium of sternum & medial part of clavicle |
| sternocleidomastoid inserts on | mastoid process of temporal bone |
| muscles of sternocleidomastoid act together in | neck flexion |
| muscles of sternocleidomastoid acting alone | rotates heads so face is turned to opposite side |
| muscles of sternocleidomastoid also provide __ neck flexion | lateral |
| splenius capitis originates on | inferior half of ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes of C7-T3 |
| splenius capitis inserts on | mastoid process of temporal bone & superior nuchal line of occipital bone |
| splenius capitis, acting bilaterally, | extends head & neck |
| splenius capitis, acting unilaterally, | extends & rotates head to same side |
| erector spinae consists of | three muscle columns |
| is prime mover of back extension | erector spinae |
| erector spinae is also called | sacrospinalis |
| triceps brachii has __ heads | three |
| long head of triceps brachii originates on | infraglenoid tubercle of scapula |
| heads of triceps brachii inserts on | olecranon process of ulna |
| lateral head of triceps brachii originates on | lateral/superior 1/2 of humerus, superior & lateral to radial groove |
| medial head of triceps brachii originates on | inferior 2/3 of medial & posterior humerus, inferior to radial groove |
| triceps brachii are __ __ of forearm __ at elbow | prime mover; extension |
| three heads of triceps brachii arise from | humerus & scapula |
| long head of biceps brachii originates on | supraglenoid tubercle of scapula |
| short head of biceps brachii originates on | tip of coracoid process of scapula |
| both heads of biceps brachii insert, by a common tendon, on | radial tuberosity & bicipital aponeurosis |
| blends with medial fascia of forearm __ of both heads of biceps brachii | insertion |
| biceps brachii is responsible for elbow __ & __ of forearm | flexion; supination |
| brachialis originates on | distal 1/2 of inferior humerus |
| brachialis inserts on | tuberosity & coronoid process of ulna |
| brachialis flexes | forearm at elbow |
| pronator teres has __ & __ heads | humeral; ulnar |
| humeral head of pronator teres originates on | superior to medial epicondyle of humerus |
| ulnar head of pronator teres originates on | medial side of coronoid process of ulna |
| heads of pronator teres insert on | midlateral surface of radius |
| pronator teres pronates forearm & | assist with elbow flexion |
| flexor digitorum superficialis heads consists of | humeral, ulnar, & radial |
| flexor digitorum superficialis inserts to | middle phalanges of digits 2-5 |
| flexor digitorum superficialis | flexes proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5, metacarpalphalangeal joints, & flexion of wrist |
| flexor carpi radialis inserts on | metacarpal 2 & 3 |
| flexor carpi radialis __ & __ wrist | flexes; abducts |
| flexor carpi ulnaris inserts on | pisiform, hamate, & metacarpal 5 |
| flexor carpi ulnaris __ & __ wrist | flexes; adducts |
| brachioradialis originates on | supracondylar ridge of humerus |
| brachioradialis inserts on | base of styloid process of radius |
| brachioradialis is strong forearm flexor when | forearm semi-pronated |
| supinator muscle inserts on | superior-lateral 1/3 of radius |
| supinator muscle supinates forearm such that | palm turns anterior |
| extensor digitorum inserts on | distal phalanges of digits 2-5 |
| extensor digitorum passes under | extensor retinacula |
| extensor carpi radialis longus passes under extensor retinacula, and inserts on | base of metacarpal 2 |
| extensor carpi radialis brevis inserts passes under extensor retinacula, on | dorsal surface of base of metacarpal 3 |
| extensor carpi ulnaris passes under extensor retinacula, & inserts on | base of metacarpal 5 |
| gluteus maximus originates on | ilium, sacrum, coccyx, & sacrotuberous ligament |
| gluteus maximus inserts on | gluteal tuberosity & iliotibial tract of fasciata |
| gluteus maximus is __ __ of thigh | strongest extensor |
| gluteus medius originates on | posterior iliac crest |
| gluteus medius inserts on | greater trochanter of femur |
| gluteus medius __ & medially __ thigh | abducts; rotates |
| iliopsoas consists of | psoas major/minor & iliacus |
| psoas major originates on | transverse processes, bodies of T12-L5 |
| psoas major & iliacus insert on | lesser trochanter of femur by common tendon |
| iliacus originates on | iliac fossa & crest |
| iliopsoas is __ __ of thigh flexion at __ joint | prime mover; hip |
| sartorius originates on | anterior superior iliac spine |
| sartorius inserts on | medial aspect of proximal tibia |
| sartorius __ hip & __ rotates thigh | flexes; laterally |
| sartorius helps assume | cross-legged position |
| sartorius is known as | tailor's muscle |
| adductor magnus originates on | ischium & pubis |
| adductor magnus inserts on | linea aspera of femur |
| adductor magnus completes | adduction at hip joint |
| gracilis originates on | pubis |
| gracilis inserts on | tibia |
| action of gracilis is | adduction & flexion of thigh |
| rectus femoris originates on | anterior inferior iliac spine |
| vastus- lateralis, medialis, & intermedius originate on | femur |
| rectus femoris & vastus- lateralis, medialis, & intermedius insert via common __ tendon into __ | quadriceps; patella |
| action of rectus femoris & vastus- lateralis, medialis, intermedius is | knee extension |
| rectus femoris also acts to | flex thigh |
| muscles on posterior thigh that cross hip & knee joint are | hamstrings |
| lateral hamstring muscle | biceps femoris |
| lateral hamstring muscle that is deep to semimembranous | semitendinous |
| hamstring muscles that have common origin from ischial tuberosity | biceps femoris, semimembranous, semitendinous |
| biceps femoris, semimembranous, semitendinous are hamstring muscles that insert on | various sites on tibia |
| biceps femoris, semimembranous, semitendinous are hamstring muscles that are considered | prime movers of knee flexion & thigh extensors |
| divides leg into anterior, posterior, & lateral | leg fascia |
| muscles of anterior compartment of lower leg are | toe extensors & ankle dorsiflexors |
| muscle of anterior compartment of lower leg, tibialis anterior, originates on | lateral tibial condyle & upper 2/3 tibial shaft |
| tibialis anterior inserts on | 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform |
| tibialis anterior is prime mover of | dorsiflexion |
| tibialis anterior __ the foot | inverts |
| muscles of lateral compartment of lower leg | plantar flex & evert foot |
| muscles of lateral compartment of lower leg include | fibularis longus & brevis |
| muscles of posterior compartment of lower leg | primarily plantar flex foot & flex toes |
| muscles of posterior compartment of lower leg include | gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, and flexors of digits & big toe |
| gastrocnemius & soleus __ posterior calf, & __ via common Achilles tendon on calcaneous | shape; insert |
| gastrocnemius & soleus are prime movers of ankle | plantar flexion |
| gastrocnemius originates on | medial & lateral condyles of femur |
| gastrocnemius inserts via | Achilles tendon into calcaneous |
| action of gastrocnemius is __ flexion | plantar |
| rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius insert via common quadriceps tendon into patella then via | patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity |
| rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius are all part of | quadriceps femoris |
| quadriceps femoris is __ __ of knee | sole extensor |
| movements of knee joint include | rectus femoris & 3 vasti muscles, which make up quadriceps femoris |
| rectus femoris acts on | both knee & thigh |
| action: pectineus is | hip adductor |
| vastus medialis __ __ at knee | extends leg |
| biceps femoris is __ member of group of muscles known as __ | lateral; hamstrings |
| semimembranosus __ member of group of muscles known as __ | medial; hamstrings |
| semitendinosus is __ member of group of muscles known as __ | superficial; hamstrings |
| tibialis anterior __ foot at ankle | dorsiflexes |
| extensor digitorum longus inserts on __ 2-5 of __ | digits; foot |
| extensor digitorum longus extends __ & __ joints of digits 2-5 | metatarsophalangeael; interphalangeal |
| extensor digitorum longus __ __ in dorsiflexion of foot | also assist |
| extensor hallucis inserts on base of distal phalanx of | digit 1 |
| extensor hallucis extends __ __ of the big toe & assist in __ of foot | all joints; dorsiflexion |
| fibularis longus originates on | head of fibula |
| tendon of fibularis longus passes posterior to __ __ of fibula | lateral malleolus |
| tendon of fibularis longus inserts on __ __ of metatarsal 1 & medial surface of __ | lateral surface; cuneiform |
| tendon of fibularis longus passes posterior of | sole of foot |
| fibularis longus __ foot & assist in __ flexion of foot at ankle | everts; plantar |
| rectus abdominis originates on | pubic crest & symphysis |
| rectus abdominis inserts on | costal cartilages 5-7 |
| rectus abdominis __ vertebral column & __ abdomen | flexes; compresses |
| rectus abdominis __ intraabdominal pressure | increases |
| external oblique originates on | lower ribs |
| external oblique inserts via | aponeurosis to linea alba |
| adductor longus is a muscle name that describes | action |
| temporalis is muscle name that describes | location |
| transverse abdominis is muscle name that describes | direction of fibers |
| deltoid is muscle name that describes | shape |
| gluteus maximus is muscle name that describes | size |
| muscles that perform most of action in producing movement | agonists |
| muscles that help prime mover by contracting at same time to assist in movement so that movement is more effective | synergists |
| muscles that relax when prime mover and synergists are contracting | antagonists |
| muscle that raises eyebrows | epicranius |
| sphincter muscles of eyelids; permits winking and blinking | orbicularis oculi |
| raises lateral corners of the mouth; smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| depresses lower lip | depressor labii inferioris |
| elevates and retracts mandible | temporalis |
| elevates mandible | masseter |
| elevates mandible and moves mandible side to side | medial pterygoid |
| protracts mandible and moves mandible side to side | lateral pterygoid |
| flexes and laterally rotates the head | sternocleidomastoid |
| composite muscle located along the back from thoracic region to head | semispinalis capitis, cervicis, and thoracis |
| broad two-part muscle that lies on the back of neck between base of skull and upper thorax | splenius capitis and cervicis |
| muscles on the side of the neck located deep to platysma and sternocleidomastoid | scalenus |
| stabilizes, elevates, rotates, and retracts the scapula; helps extend the head with the scapula fixed | trapezius |
| steadies, retracts, and rotates the scapula | rhomboids (major and minor) |
| elevates, adducts, retracts, and steadies the scapula; flexes neck to the same side when the scapula is fixed | levator scapulae |
| extends, adducts, and rotates arm medially | latissimus dorsi |
| abducts arm; anterior part flexes and rotates arm medially | deltoid |
| chief medial rotator of arm | subscapularis |
| abducts arm; stabilizes shoulder joint | supraspinatus |
| flexes forearm at elbow joint; supinates forearm | biceps brachii |
| powerful flexor of forearm | brachialis |
| prime mover of forearm extension | triceps brachii |
| pronates forearm and is a flexor of the elbow | pronator teres |
| flexes wrist; aids abduction of hand | flexor carpi radialis |
| flexes wrist and adducts hand | flexor carpi ulnaris |
| flexes the four fingers and wrist | flexor digitorum superficialis |
| abducts and extends thumb | abductor pollicis longus |
| flexes fingers and assists in flexing wrist | flexor digitorum profundus |
| pronates forearm and hand | pronator quadratus |
| extends fingers and hand | extensor digitorum |
| adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg | gracilis |
| extends and laterally rotates thigh; extends hip against resistance | gluteus maximus |
| rotates thigh laterally | quadratus femoris |
| flexes and adducts thigh | pectineus |
| extends leg at knee and flexes thigh at hip | rectus femoris |
| flexes leg on thigh; flexes thigh on pelvis | sartorius |
| flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee | biceps femoris |
| flexes leg and rotates it medially; adducts thigh | gracilis |
| plantar flexes foot; flex leg at knee | gastrocnemius |
| dorsiflexes foot and inverts foot | tibialis anterior |
| plantar flexes foot; important in posture | soleus |
| everts foot; plantar flexes foot | fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis |
| close body openings by contracting | circular |
| has a broad origin; single tendon of insertion | convergent |
| strap-like with an expanded belly; great ability to shorten but NOT very powerful | parallel |
| fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle; do NOT shorten as much but are more powerful | pennate |
| rigid bar that moves on a fixed point | lever |
| fixed point upon which a lever moves | fulcrum |
| applied force | effort |
| resistance | load |
| example of lever | radius |
| example of fulcrum | elbow joint |
| example of effort | biceps brachii |
| example of load | distal end of forearm, hand, and anything you are holding |
| effort is applied at one end of the lever; the load at the other; fulcrum somewhere in between | 1st class lever |
| effort applied at one end of the lever; the fulcrum located at the other; load between them | 2nd class lever |
| effort applied between the load and the fulcrum | 3rd class lever |
| example of 1st class lever | lifting your head off your chest |
| example of 2nd class lever | standing on tip-toe |
| example of 3rd class lever | flexing forearm w/biceps |
| most common lever systems in the body | 3rd class |
| damage to __ __ would interfere with quiet breathing | external intercostals |
| muscles with fibers that run straight or parallel to the long axis of the body are called | rectus |
| muscular wall of the abdomen is composed of | oblique and rectus muscles |
| major abductor muscle of the upper arm | deltoid |
| extensor digitorum muscle is an example of | pennate muscle |
| second-class levers have | great strength but are slow and have little range of motion |
| platysma muscle | divides the neck into two triangles |
| external intercostals | lifts the rib cage during inspiration |
| common site for injections in infants who have poorly formed buttocks | vastus lateralis |
| shin splints are caused by | irritation of the tibialis anterior |
Created by:
lfrancois
Popular Anatomy sets