Muscle tissue
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | posture
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| show | stabilize
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| show | heat
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| show | contracts rapidly
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| in skeletal muscles, each muscle is a(n) | show 🗑
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| striated; involuntary; responsible for pumping blood through body; specialized muscle | show 🗑
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| show | heart’s pacemaker
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| neural controls, in cardiac muscles | show 🗑
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| spindle-shaped cells w/1 centrally located nucleus; no externally visible striations; involuntary; forces food, feces & other substances through internal body channels | show 🗑
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| show | walls of hollow visceral organs, such as stomach, urinary bladder, & respiratory passages
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| ability to recoil & resume resting length after being stretched | show 🗑
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| ability to be stretched/extended | show 🗑
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| show | contractility
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| show | excitability
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| most skeletal muscles __ __ & are attached to bone in at least __ places | show 🗑
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| show | muscle’s origin
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| epimysium of muscle is fused to periosteum of a bone/perichondrium of cartilage | show 🗑
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| muscle's CT wrapping extends beyond muscle via tendons/aponeurosis | show 🗑
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| sheath of CT surrounding each muscle fiber; consists of fine areolar CT | show 🗑
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| show | perimysium
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| show | epimysium
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| sarcolemma | show 🗑
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| show | muscle fiber
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| show | cytoplasm of muscle cell
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| show | sarcoplasm
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| myofibrils, sarcoplasmic reticulum, & T tubules are found in the muscle fiber's | show 🗑
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| show | muscle fiber (cell)
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| show | striations, sarcomere & myofilaments
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| striations of myofibril are due to | show 🗑
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| sarcomere is region of myofibril between 2 | show 🗑
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| show | myofilaments
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| show | actin
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| thick myofilaments composed of protein | show 🗑
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| show | rod-like tail & 2 globular heads
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| two interwoven, polypeptide chains are found in myosin molecule's | show 🗑
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| form cross bridges, found in myosin molecules | show 🗑
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| subunits of thin myofilaments contain active sites to which | show 🗑
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| show | tropomyosin & troponin
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| show | endoplasmic reticulum
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| show | perpendicular cross channels
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| sarcoplasmic reticulum stores __ __ & releases them when muscle is stimulated to contract | show 🗑
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| extensions of sarcolemma, penetrate deep into cell’s interior | show 🗑
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| T tubules associate w/paired terminal cisternae to form __ | show 🗑
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| show | nerve stimulation
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| show | slide past; overlap
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| show | relaxed state
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| show | shorten; shortens
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| show | skeletal muscle contraction
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| show | rise in intracellular Ca2+ levels
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| sequence of events by which transmission of an action potential along the sarcolemma leads to the sliding of myofilaments; linking electrical signal to contraction is called | show 🗑
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| skeletal muscles are stimulated by | show 🗑
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| __ of motor neurons branch as they enter muscles | show 🗑
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| each __ __ forms a neuromuscular junction w/muscle fiber | show 🗑
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| axon branch; folds of sarcolemma at motor end plate w/acetyl choline receptors; synaptic vesicles in axon terminal; synaptic cleft; are all components of a(n) | show 🗑
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| show | nerve impulse
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| at NMJ, voltage-gated __ __ in axon terminal open, allowing __ enter axon | show 🗑
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| show | axonal membrane
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| at NMJ, fusion of synaptic vessels w/axonal membrane releases ACh into synaptic cleft via __ | show 🗑
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| show | gated channels
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| show | action potential in muscle
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| at NMJ, ACh is quickly destroyed by __ acetylcholinesterase | show 🗑
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| show | resting state
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| show | negative compared to outside
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| difference in charge of sarcolemma, negative compared to outside, is known as | show 🗑
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| show | ACh binds to its receptors on sarcolemma Na/K channels open
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| once ACh binds to its receptors on sarcolemma Na/K channels open, sodium channels open first- Na+ diffuses in & causes a patch of sarcolemma to become | show 🗑
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| show | depolarization
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| initially, depolarization, is a local electrical event called | show 🗑
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| show | action potential/propagation
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| if action potential initiated, voltage-gated Na+ channels open in adjacent areas of sarcolemma causing it to | show 🗑
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| action potential travels | show 🗑
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| show | contraction of a muscle
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| show | changes
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| in action potential/repolarization, Na+ channels __ & K+ channels __ | show 🗑
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| show | diffuses; resting
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| occurs in same direction as depolarization | show 🗑
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| in excitation/contraction coupling, action potential propagates | show 🗑
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| show | Ca2+ release from terminal cisternae
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| show | troponin; exposed
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| in excitation/contraction coupling, myosin heads attach forming a __ __; power stroke of myosin head causes sliding of __ __ toward center of sarcomere | show 🗑
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| show | excitation/contraction coupling
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| during excitation/contraction coupling, as action potential ends, removal of Ca+2 by __ __ | show 🗑
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| stiffening of muscles after death; cross bridge detachment requires ATP | show 🗑
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| show | ATP
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| refers to activation of cross bridges | show 🗑
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| force exerted by contracting muscle on an object | show 🗑
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| show | load
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| occurs when tension generated by cross bridges exceeds forces opposing it | show 🗑
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| when cross bridges become inactive, tension declines & relaxation occurs | show 🗑
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| show | isometric contraction
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| show | standing, sitting, posture
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| muscle changes in length; muscle tension overcomes load & moves load | show 🗑
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| isotonic contraction are used in | show 🗑
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| show | motor unit
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| muscles that control fine precise movements e.g. fingers, eyes (few muscle fibers) have | show 🗑
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| large weight-bearing muscles (many muscle fibers) e.g. thighs, hips have | show 🗑
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| show | muscle twitch
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| show | latent period
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| phase of a muscle twitch when cross bridges form | show 🗑
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| show | period of relaxation
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| factor affecting muscle tension in which muscle stimulated rapidly, contractions are summed up become stronger | show 🗑
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| factor affecting muscle tension in which the more the motor fibers are contracting (by recruitment of more motor units) the stronger the contraction | show 🗑
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| show | degree of muscle stretch
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| degree of muscle stretch is optimum muscle length at which they can | show 🗑
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| degree of muscle stretch, number of muscle fibers contracting, & frequency of stimulation | show 🗑
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| single stimulus results in a single contractile response | show 🗑
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| with increased frequency of stimulus muscle does not relax completely; contraction force increasing | show 🗑
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| show | incomplete tetanus
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| show | complete tetanus
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| produces weak contraction because overlapping thin filaments interfere with each other | show 🗑
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| show | overstretched sarcomere
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| maximum tension develops at this optimum overlap of thick & thin filaments; all cross bridges can cycle | show 🗑
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| show | muscle tone
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| muscle tone keeps muscles __ & ready to __ to stimulus | show 🗑
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| show | spinal reflexes
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| show | power stroke of myosin head
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| show | detaching
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| ATP in muscle contraction is used for pumping __ back into sarcoplasmic reticulum | show 🗑
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| show | ATP regeneration
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| during contraction: hydrolysisphosphate group combines w/ADP to form ATP (immediate source) | show 🗑
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| during contraction: when muscle contractile activity reaches 70% of maximum, bulging muscles compress blood vessels; impaired O2 delivery | show 🗑
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| during contraction, largest amount of ATP formed | show 🗑
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| muscle is being stimulated but is in a state of physiological inability to contract | show 🗑
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| show | low
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| show | lactic acid
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| show | speed of contraction
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| show | oxidative or glycolytic fibers
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| show | oxidative fibers
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| show | glycolytic fibers
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| characteristics intermediate btwn oxidative & glycolytic fibers | show 🗑
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| red fibers; depend on aerobic ATP production; have more myoglobin, capillaries, mitochondria, low glycogen; contract slowly, are fatigue resistant & have high endurance | show 🗑
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| example of slow oxidative fibers | show 🗑
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| show | fast glycolytic fibers
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| show | hitting baseball, pushing piano
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| show | mixture
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| show | atrophy
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| show | immobilization
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| show | paralysis
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| show | hypertrophy
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| example of hypertrophy | show 🗑
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| composed of spindle-shaped fibers w/central nuclei | show 🗑
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| smooth muscle is found in | show 🗑
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| smooth muscle is organized in two layers of | show 🗑
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| show | longitudinal & circular
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| show | structures neuromuscular
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| smooth muscles autonomic nerve fibers have __ that release neurotransmitters | show 🗑
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| smooth muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum is | show 🗑
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| show | absent
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| show | there are no sarcomeres
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| show | troponin complex
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| show | smooth muscle contraction
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| mostly whole sheets of smooth muscle contract together, because of __ __, as __ __ spread from cell to cell | show 🗑
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| show | contract
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| in smooth muscle, actin & myosin interact by the | show 🗑
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| in smooth muscle, final trigger for contractions is a(n) | show 🗑
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| in smooth muscle, sliding filament mechanism | show 🗑
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| in smooth muscle, Ca2+ enter mainly from the __ __ | show 🗑
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| in smooth muscle, some Ca2+ is __ __ SR | show 🗑
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| when stretched to an optimal length contract more strongly | show 🗑
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| smooth muscle responds to stretch briefly by __ __ then adapts to its new length & relaxes | show 🗑
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| enables organs such as the stomach and bladder to be able to store contents without strong contractions expelling contents | show 🗑
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| found in walls of hollow visceral organs; cells contract as a unit (have gap junctions); arranged in sheets; show stress-relaxation response | show 🗑
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| show | smooth muscle multiunit
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| show | hyperplasia
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| smooth muscles can undergo hyperplasia | show 🗑
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| examples of smooth muscle hyperplasia stimulation is | show 🗑
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| during pregnancy, estrogen stimulates uterine growth to accommodate the increasing size of the growing fetus, causing | show 🗑
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| because skeletal & smooth muscles are __ they are called muscle fibers | show 🗑
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| show | muscle
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| show | myo-/mys-
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| show | sarco-
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| word root means husk | show 🗑
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| show | skeletal muscle tissue
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| show | skeletal muscles
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| show | heart walls
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| allow heart to speed up for brief periods of exertion | show 🗑
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| show | conductivity
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| show | muscle functions
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| skeletal muscles are responsible for all __ & __ | show 🗑
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| skeletal muscles enable you to __ __ to changes in external environment | show 🗑
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| show | maintain blood pressure
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| show | body mass
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| show | generating heat
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| show | smooth muscles
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| show | composition of skeletal muscles
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| in general, __ __ is served by one nerve, artery, & 1/more veins | show 🗑
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| show | contract in without nerve stimulation
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| long & winding w/numerous cross-links, which is feature that accommodates changes in muscle length | show 🗑
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| muscle capillaries __ when muscle is stretched | show 🗑
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| show | contort
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| show | CT sheaths
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| show | fascicles
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| CT sheaths contribute to __ of muscle tissue | show 🗑
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| CT sheaths provide entry & exit routes for | show 🗑
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| show | muscle's insertion
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| when muscle contracts movable bone, __ moves towards immovable/less movable bone | show 🗑
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| cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching muscle to bone | show 🗑
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| show | aponeurosis
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| show | aponeurosis/tendon
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| show | their durability & size
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| more __ than fleshy muscle can pass over __ | show 🗑
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| show | glycosomes
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| oxygen-binding, red pigment in muscle | show 🗑
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| show | hemoglobin
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| show | myofibril
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| myofibrils account for about 80% of | show 🗑
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| repeating series of dark & light bands, evident along length of each myofibril | show 🗑
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| show | A bands
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| light striations within muscle cells | show 🗑
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| lighter region in midsection of A band | show 🗑
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| dark line that bisects each H zone vertically; formed by molecules of protein myomesin | show 🗑
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| show | Z disc
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| smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends from 1 Z disc to next | show 🗑
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| show | functional unit
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| show | A; I
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| located in center; contain myosin; extend entire length of A band | show 🗑
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| show | thin filaments
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| contain desmin; extend from Z disc; connect each myofibril to next throughout width of muscle cell | show 🗑
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| consists of 2 heavy & 4 light polypeptide chains; has rod-like tail attached by flexible hinge to 2 globular heads | show 🗑
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| rod-shaped protein, spiral about actin core & hep stiffen & stabilize it | show 🗑
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| show | block
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| show | troponin
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| troponin & tropomyosin help control __ __ involved in contraction | show 🗑
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| show | elastic filament
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| show | titin
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| titin forms __ of thick filament | show 🗑
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| show | organization of A band
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| titin holds thick filaments in place, helping muscle cell to | show 🗑
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| show | ordinary range of extension
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| show | resist excessive stretching
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| show | dystrophin
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| show | bind filaments or sarcomeres together & maintain their alignment
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| SR & T tubules are two sets of intracellular tubules that | show 🗑
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| tubules of SR run longitudinally along | show 🗑
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| major role of SR is to regulate | show 🗑
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| T tubules increase muscle fiber's __ __ | show 🗑
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| successive groupings of 2 membranous structures (terminal cisterna, T tubule, & terminal cisterna | show 🗑
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| show | conduct impulses to deepest regions of muscle cell to every sarcomere
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| show | voltage sensors
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| form gated channels through which Ca2+ can be released from SR cisternae | show 🗑
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| term contraction refers to | show 🗑
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| show | sliding filament model of contraction
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| show | stimulated by nerve ending so change in membrane potential occurs
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| show | action potential
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| show | generate & propagate action potential along its sarcolemma
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| show | short-lived rise in intracellular calcium ion levels
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| nerve cells that activate skeletal muscle fibers are called | show 🗑
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| long thread-like extensions of somatic motor neurons | show 🗑
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| show | neuromuscular junction
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| when axon of motor neuron divides when entering muscle, the short curling branches it gives off are collectively called | show 🗑
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| each muscle fiber has | show 🗑
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| fluid-filled (with ACh) space at a synapse | show 🗑
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| chemical transmitter substance released by some nerve endings; neurotransmitter | show 🗑
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| trough-like part of muscle fiber's sarcolemma | show 🗑
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| show | large surface area
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| show | axonal endings, synaptic cleft, junctional folds
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| show | acetylcholinesterase
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| disease characterized by drooping upper eyelids, difficulty swallowing & talking, & generalized muscle weakness, involves shortage of ACh receptor | show 🗑
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| show | polarized
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| loss of a state of polarity; loss/reduction of negative membrane potential | show 🗑
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| show | end plate potential
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| show | repolarization
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| show | refractory period
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| show | electrical conditions
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| show | ionic conditions
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| show | unstoppable
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| show | latent period
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| show | muscle is relaxed
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| show | removed
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| show | sliding of thin filament
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| show | increase greatly
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| show | excitation
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| show | myogram
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| show | period of time btwn stimulation & onset of muscle contraction; excitation-contraction coupling occurs here
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| period of contraction | show 🗑
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| period of relaxation | show 🗑
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| muscle twitches may result from | show 🗑
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| relatively smooth; vary in strength as different demands placed on them | show 🗑
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| show | graded muscle responses
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| show | greater muscular force
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| show | temporal/wave summation
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| each stimulus causes contraction to be initiated when muscle has only partly relaxed from previous contraction | show 🗑
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| sustained muscular contraction caused by series of nerve stimuli repeated so rapidly that individual muscular responses are fused | show 🗑
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| fused/complete tetanus happens __ in real world | show 🗑
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| show | prolonged; fatigue
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| wave summation contributes to __ force | show 🗑
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| show | primary function of wave summation
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| show | recruitment/multiple motor unit summation
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| show | subthreshold stimulus
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| show | threshold stimulus
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| stimulus strong enough to evoke greatest possible response; represents point at which all muscle's motor units are recruited | show 🗑
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| increasing stimulus intensity beyond maximal stimulus | show 🗑
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| show | dictated
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| show | size principle
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| size principle dictates that largest motor units containing large, coarse muscle fibers controlled by largest least excitable neurons & are activated only when | show 🗑
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| show | occur in small steps
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| show | progressively greater
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| although all motor unit of a muscle may be recruited simultaneously to produce strong contraction, they are more commonly activated __ in body | show 🗑
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| show | relaxed; contracted
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| show | concentric contraction
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| show | eccentric contraction
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| show | more forceful
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| show | contract concentrically
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| CP-ADP reaction is catalyzed by | show 🗑
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| show | glycolysis
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| 2 ATP produce | show 🗑
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| product of anaerobic metabolism, especially in muscle | show 🗑
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| show | impaired blood flow & O2 delivery
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| energy-yielding conversion of glucose to lactic acid in muscle, when sufficient oxygen is not available | show 🗑
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| during __ __, lactic acid is end product of cellular metabolism of glucose | show 🗑
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| 95% of ATP used for muscle activity from from | show 🗑
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| when ATP demands are within capacity os aerobic pathway, light to moderate muscular activity can | show 🗑
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| show | glycolysis contributes more & more of total ATP generated
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| show | aerobic endurance
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| show | anaerobic threshold
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| activities requiring surge of power lasting only few seconds (i.e. weight lighting, diving, etc.) rely | show 🗑
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| more on-and-off or burst-like activities (i.e. tennis, soccer, etc.) appear to be fueled | show 🗑
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| prolonged activities (i.e. marathons, jogging) where endurance over power is goal, depend | show 🗑
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| show | prolonged exercise
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| show | contractures
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| show | writer's cramp
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|
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| several __ __contribute to muscle fatigue | show 🗑
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| lactic acid is more important in provoking __ fatigue than __ fatigue | show 🗑
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| excessive intracellular accumulation of lactic acid raises concentration of H+ and alters __ __ | show 🗑
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| show | counteract
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| show | alter E-P coupling
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| show | regulation; release
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| show | anaerobic muscle contraction
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| show | oxygen deficit (definition)
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|
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| oxygen deficit represents difference btwn amount of oxygen __ for totally aerobic muscle activity & amount __ __ | show 🗑
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| only about 40% of energy released during muscle activity is | show 🗑
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| greater muscle's __ __, more tension can develop & greater its strength | show 🗑
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| show | internal tension
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| show | external tension
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| show | optimal operating length
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|
||||
| show | ideal length-tension relationship
🗑
|
||||
| show | split ATP
🗑
|
||||
| in slow/fast fibers, difference in speed reflects on pattern of __ __ of motor neurons | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative (FO), or fast glycolytic (FG) fibers
🗑
|
||||
| show | aerobic exercise
🗑
|
||||
| moderately weak but sustained muscle activity | show 🗑
|
||||
| high-intensity exercise in which the muscles are pitted against high resistance or immovable forces and, as a result, muscle cells increase in size | show 🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscle fibers run parallel to long axis of organ; when muscle contracts organ dilates & shortens | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | circular layer
🗑
|
||||
| show | diffuse junctions
🗑
|
||||
| epimysium | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | surround each muscle fiber
🗑
|
||||
| show | surround each muscle bundle
🗑
|
||||
| deep fascia | show 🗑
|
||||
| sarcolemma | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber
🗑
|
||||
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | show 🗑
|
||||
| myofibril | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber
🗑
|
||||
| show | area of the sarcomere with overlapping thick and thin filaments
🗑
|
||||
| I band | show 🗑
|
||||
| H band | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cross bridges
🗑
|
||||
| synaptic knob | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | space btwn neuron & muscle
🗑
|
||||
| show | contains receptors for ACh
🗑
|
||||
| twitch | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle producing peak tensions with visible relaxation during rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation
🗑
|
||||
| complete tetanus | show 🗑
|
||||
| wave summation | show 🗑
|
||||
| endurance-type activities | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | best suited for fast oxidative fibers
🗑
|
||||
| show | best suited for fast glycolytic fibers
🗑
|
||||
| skeletal muscle fibers | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | branching chains of cells; uni- or binucleate striations; intercalated discs
🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscle cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ability to receive and respond to a stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| show | ability to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated
🗑
|
||||
| show | ability to be stretched or extended
🗑
|
||||
| show | ability of a muscle to resume its resting length after being stretched
🗑
|
||||
| isotonic contraction | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | contraction of muscle during which the tension continues to increase but the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens
🗑
|
||||
| concentric contraction | show 🗑
|
||||
| eccentric contraction | show 🗑
|
||||
| skeletal muscle voluntary via __ __ of the somatic nervous system | show 🗑
|
||||
| involuntary; intrinsic system regulation, hormones and autonomic nervous system controls | show 🗑
|
||||
| involuntary, autonomic nerves, hormones, local chemicals | show 🗑
|
||||
| acetylcholine (ACh) | show 🗑
|
||||
| creatine phosphate | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | O2 storage molecules in muscles
🗑
|
||||
| lactic acid | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle fibers that contract quickly and rely on aerobic respiration for ATP
🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle fibers that are most resistant to fatigue
🗑
|
||||
| fast glycolytic fibers | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cramp
🗑
|
||||
| show | fibromyositis
🗑
|
||||
| muscle pain resulting from any muscle disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| excessive stretching and possible tearing of a muscle caused by muscle overuse or abuse | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | time btwn stimulus/electrical event & mechanical event of contraction
🗑
|
||||
| show | time during which the muscle is shortening
🗑
|
||||
| show | time during which the muscle is returning to its original length
🗑
|
||||
| refractory period | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | propagation of an electrical current along sarcolemma
🗑
|
||||
| resting potential | show 🗑
|
||||
| repolarization | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | time when fiber cannot be stimulated until repolarization is complete
🗑
|
||||
| show | electrical event occurring only at neuromuscular junction
🗑
|
||||
| show | released by terminal cisternae into the sarcoplasm to bind with troponin
🗑
|
||||
| acetylcholinesterase | show 🗑
|
||||
| calmodulin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | outside positive relative to the inside
🗑
|
||||
| depolarization & generation of action potential | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | increased positive charge inside sarcolemma changes permeability of adjacent areas, opening voltage-regulated Na+ channels
🗑
|
||||
| repolarization | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | pulling on something to change its position
🗑
|
||||
| maintaining posture | show 🗑
|
||||
| stabilizing joints | show 🗑
|
||||
| generation of heat | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | changes shape during the contraction cycle
🗑
|
||||
| actin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | covers the binding site
🗑
|
||||
| troponin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | entire
🗑
|
||||
| as an axon enters a muscle, it branches into a number of axonal terminals, each of which forms a neuromuscular junction with a single muscle fiber. A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies is called a(n) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ca2+
🗑
|
||||
| each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a neuron at a single | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | composition of the structure known as a triad in a skeletal muscle fiber
🗑
|
||||
| show | sliding filament model
🗑
|
||||
| epimysium is the | show 🗑
|
||||
| muscle tone | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | type of muscle contraction in which the muscle fibers produce increased tension, but the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens
🗑
|
||||
| show | substance that increases in quantity during repetitive muscle contraction
🗑
|
||||
| action potential | show 🗑
|
||||
| calmodulin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | a myofibril
🗑
|
||||
| show | globular heads of thick filaments
🗑
|
||||
| show | refractory period of muscle cell
🗑
|
||||
| cause of rigor mortis | show 🗑
|
||||
| 95% of the energy needed for contraction during moderate exercise | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | serve as a communication network that coordinates the contraction of each myofibril that makes up the muscle fiber
🗑
|
||||
| actin | show 🗑
|
||||
| when an action potential arrives at the neuromuscular junction, the most immediate result is | show 🗑
|
||||
| if a muscle is applied to a load that exceeds the muscle's maximum tension | show 🗑
|
||||
| graded muscle response | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | most efficient means of producing ATP
🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle would remain in a contracted state due to an inability to break actin-myosin cross bridges
🗑
|
||||
| show | calcium-calmodulin
🗑
|
||||
| skeletal muscle relies on the __ __ system to regulate contraction | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | progressive, wavelike contractions that move foodstuffs through alimentary tube organs/move other substances through other hollow body organs
🗑
|
||||
| show | specific NMJs
🗑
|
||||
| show | innervating nerve fibers, part of autonomic nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| varicosities | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | wide synaptic cleft in general area of smooth muscles
🗑
|
||||
| show | less developed
🗑
|
||||
| show | sarcolemma; half-triads
🗑
|
||||
| show | caveolae
🗑
|
||||
| when calcium channels in caveolae open, Ca2+ | show 🗑
|
||||
| in smooth muscles, SR does release some calcium that triggers contraction, but most | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | actively transported to SR & out of cell
🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscles contain | show 🗑
|
||||
| in smooth muscle, __ filament are fewer, but have __ __ along their entire length | show 🗑
|
||||
| in smooth muscle, there is no __ __ in thin filaments | show 🗑
|
||||
| in smooth muscle, thick & thin filaments are __ __ allowing muscles to contract in __ __; thus peristalsis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | intermediate; dense bodies
🗑
|
||||
| cytoplasmic structures; tethered to sarcolemma; act as anchoring points for thin filaments; correspond to Z discs of skeletal muscles | show 🗑
|
||||
| forms strong, cable-like intracellular cytoskeleton that harnesses pull generated by sliding of thick & thin filaments in smooth muscles | show 🗑
|
||||
| dense bodies, of smooth muscles, bind muscle cell to | show 🗑
|
||||
| synchronizistic contraction of smooth muscles reflects | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | gap junctions
🗑
|
||||
| some smooth muscles in stomach & small intestines are | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | membrane potentials; self-excitatory
🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscle's pacemaker cells __ __ in absence of stimuli | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | neural & chemical stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| in order to phosphorylate myosin, calmodulin interacts with | show 🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscle takes 30x longer to | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | latch together
🗑
|
||||
| show | latch state
🗑
|
||||
| __ __ of smooth muscle is extremely important to overall body homeostasis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | smooth muscle tone
🗑
|
||||
| show | aerobic pathways
🗑
|
||||
| show | graded potentials
🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscles react to __ __ in different ways depending on receptors present | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | spontaneously; G protein-linked
🗑
|
||||
| certain hormones, lack of O2, histamine, excess CO2, & low pH are different chemical factors that cause smooth muscle contraction & relaxation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | stretch
🗑
|
||||
| show | shorten
🗑
|
||||
| stretch of smooth muscle provokes contraction, but soon muscle | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | generate considerable force, even when they are substantially stretched
🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscle can contract when it is anywhere from | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | single-unit or multiunit
🗑
|
||||
| show | visceral muscle
🗑
|
||||
| visceral muscle is also known as | show 🗑
|
||||
| visceral muscle is found in walls of all hollow organs except | show 🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscles in large airways to lungs & in large arteries, arrector pili muscle attached to hair follicles, & internal eye muscles are examples of | show 🗑
|
||||
| in multiunit smooth muscle | show 🗑
|
||||
| multiunit smooth muscle is innervated by | show 🗑
|
||||
| embryonic mesoderm cells from which all muscle fibers develop | show 🗑
|
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