Muscle tissue
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | posture
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| show | stabilize
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| skeletal muscles generate __ | show 🗑
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| skeletal muscles __ __ but tires easily | show 🗑
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| show | organ composed of muscle tissue, blood, & connective tissue
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| show | cardiac muscle
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| show | heart’s pacemaker
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| show | allow heart to respond to changes in body needs
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| spindle-shaped cells w/1 centrally located nucleus; no externally visible striations; involuntary; forces food, feces & other substances through internal body channels | show 🗑
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| smooth muscles are found | show 🗑
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| ability to recoil & resume resting length after being stretched | show 🗑
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| ability to be stretched/extended | show 🗑
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| show | contractility
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| ability to respond to stimuli | show 🗑
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| most skeletal muscles __ __ & are attached to bone in at least __ places | show 🗑
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| show | muscle’s origin
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| epimysium of muscle is fused to periosteum of a bone/perichondrium of cartilage | show 🗑
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| show | indirect attachment
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| show | endomysium
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| show | perimysium
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| dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds entire muscle | show 🗑
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| show | plasma membrane os muscle cell
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| show | muscle fiber
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| show | cytoplasm of muscle cell
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| contains glycosomes & myoglobin; abundant mitochondria; usual organelles | show 🗑
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| show | cytoplasm
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| made of hundreds of myofibrils | show 🗑
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| found within myofibril | show 🗑
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| striations of myofibril are due to | show 🗑
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| sarcomere is region of myofibril between 2 | show 🗑
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| banding pattern produced by thick myosin & thin actin filaments | show 🗑
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| show | actin
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| thick myofilaments composed of protein | show 🗑
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| each myosin molecule has | show 🗑
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| show | tails
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| form cross bridges, found in myosin molecules | show 🗑
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| subunits of thin myofilaments contain active sites to which | show 🗑
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| show | tropomyosin & troponin
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| show | endoplasmic reticulum
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| show | perpendicular cross channels
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| show | calcium ions
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| show | T tubules
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| show | triads
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| upon __ __, myosin heads bind to active sites on actin & sliding begins | show 🗑
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| show | slide past; overlap
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| show | relaxed state
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| show | shorten; shortens
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| stimulated by a nerve ending; electrical current or action potential is propagated along its sarcolemma; results in a rise in intracellular Ca2+ levels | show 🗑
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| the final trigger for skeletal muscle contraction | show 🗑
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| show | excitation-contraction coupling
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| show | motor neurons
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| show | axons
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| each __ __ forms a neuromuscular junction w/muscle fiber | show 🗑
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| axon branch; folds of sarcolemma at motor end plate w/acetyl choline receptors; synaptic vesicles in axon terminal; synaptic cleft; are all components of a(n) | show 🗑
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| __ __ reaches axon terminal at NMJ | show 🗑
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| at NMJ, voltage-gated __ __ in axon terminal open, allowing __ enter axon | show 🗑
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| at NMJ, Ca++ inside axon terminal causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with __ __ | show 🗑
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| show | exocytosis
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| at NMJ, binding of ACh to its receptors on sarcolemma opens Na/K __ __ | show 🗑
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| show | action potential in muscle
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| show | enzyme
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| predominant extracellular ion is Na+; predominant intracellular ion is K+ | show 🗑
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| in resting cell inside of sarcolemma is | show 🗑
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| difference in charge of sarcolemma, negative compared to outside, is known as | show 🗑
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| show | ACh binds to its receptors on sarcolemma Na/K channels open
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| show | less negative
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| change in resting potential is | show 🗑
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| show | end plate potential
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| show | action potential/propagation
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| if action potential initiated, voltage-gated Na+ channels open in adjacent areas of sarcolemma causing it to | show 🗑
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| show | across sarcolemma
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| show | contraction of a muscle
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| show | changes
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| in action potential/repolarization, Na+ channels __ & K+ channels __ | show 🗑
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| show | diffuses; resting
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| occurs in same direction as depolarization | show 🗑
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| in excitation/contraction coupling, action potential propagates | show 🗑
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| show | Ca2+ release from terminal cisternae
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| show | troponin; exposed
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| show | cross bridge; thin filaments
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| show | excitation/contraction coupling
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| show | active transport
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| stiffening of muscles after death; cross bridge detachment requires ATP | show 🗑
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| show | ATP
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| refers to activation of cross bridges | show 🗑
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| force exerted by contracting muscle on an object | show 🗑
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| opposing force exerted on muscle by weight of object | show 🗑
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| show | shortening
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| when cross bridges become inactive, tension declines & relaxation occurs | show 🗑
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| show | isometric contraction
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| isometric contraction is used in | show 🗑
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| muscle changes in length; muscle tension overcomes load & moves load | show 🗑
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| isotonic contraction are used in | show 🗑
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| motor neuron & all muscle fibers it supplies | show 🗑
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| muscles that control fine precise movements e.g. fingers, eyes (few muscle fibers) have | show 🗑
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| show | large motor units
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| muscle contraction in response to a single stimulus | show 🗑
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| show | latent period
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| phase of a muscle twitch when cross bridges form | show 🗑
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| show | period of relaxation
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| factor affecting muscle tension in which muscle stimulated rapidly, contractions are summed up become stronger | show 🗑
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| factor affecting muscle tension in which the more the motor fibers are contracting (by recruitment of more motor units) the stronger the contraction | show 🗑
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| show | degree of muscle stretch
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| degree of muscle stretch is optimum muscle length at which they can | show 🗑
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| show | factors that affect muscle tension
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| show | a muscle twitch
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| show | wave summation
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| show | incomplete tetanus
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| smooth continuous contraction without any relaxation | show 🗑
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| show | unstretched sarcomere
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| show | overstretched sarcomere
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| maximum tension develops at this optimum overlap of thick & thin filaments; all cross bridges can cycle | show 🗑
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| show | muscle tone
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| muscle tone keeps muscles __ & ready to __ to stimulus | show 🗑
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| show | spinal reflexes
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| ATP in muscle contraction is used for energizing | show 🗑
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| show | detaching
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| show | calcium
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| show | ATP regeneration
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| show | creatine phosphate (CP)
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| during contraction: when muscle contractile activity reaches 70% of maximum, bulging muscles compress blood vessels; impaired O2 delivery | show 🗑
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| during contraction, largest amount of ATP formed | show 🗑
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| show | muscle fatigue
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| muscle fatigue can be due to __ ATP production | show 🗑
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| show | lactic acid
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| show | speed of contraction
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| a functional characteristic of muscle fiber type, according to ATP-forming pathways | show 🗑
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| cells that rely on oxygen-using aerobic pathways for ATP generation | show 🗑
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| show | glycolytic fibers
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| characteristics intermediate btwn oxidative & glycolytic fibers | show 🗑
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| red fibers; depend on aerobic ATP production; have more myoglobin, capillaries, mitochondria, low glycogen; contract slowly, are fatigue resistant & have high endurance | show 🗑
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| example of slow oxidative fibers | show 🗑
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| white fibers; mainly use glycolysis for ATP production; large diameter fibers, have abundant glycogen, but few capillaries, mitochondria & low myoglobin; contract quickly, and are easily fatigued; muscles used for short time in powerful activities | show 🗑
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| example of fast glycolytic fibers | show 🗑
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| show | mixture
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| shrinkage of muscle due to decrease in size of cells | show 🗑
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| example of disuse atrophy | show 🗑
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| example of atrophy due to loss of nerve supply | show 🗑
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| show | hypertrophy
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| show | strenuous exercise in body builders
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| show | smooth muscle
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| show | walls of blood vessels, digestive, urinary, respiratory & reproductive tracts
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| show | sheets
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| organized sheets of smooth muscle are sheets of | show 🗑
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| show | structures neuromuscular
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| show | varicosities
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| show | less developed
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| smooth muscle T tubules are | show 🗑
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| in smooth muscle, actin & myosin filaments are present but | show 🗑
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| in smooth muscle, there is no | show 🗑
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| show | smooth muscle contraction
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| mostly whole sheets of smooth muscle contract together, because of __ __, as __ __ spread from cell to cell | show 🗑
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| each skeletal muscle fiber is stimulated to __ by its own NMJ | show 🗑
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| show | sliding filament mechanism
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| in smooth muscle, final trigger for contractions is a(n) | show 🗑
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| in smooth muscle, sliding filament mechanism | show 🗑
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| show | extracellular space
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| in smooth muscle, some Ca2+ is __ __ SR | show 🗑
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| show | cardiac & skeletal muscles
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| show | increased contraction
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| enables organs such as the stomach and bladder to be able to store contents without strong contractions expelling contents | show 🗑
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| show | smooth muscle single unit
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| show | smooth muscle multiunit
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| increase in cell numbers | show 🗑
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| smooth muscles can undergo hyperplasia | show 🗑
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| show | estrogen’s effect on the uterus
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| show | smooth muscle hyperplasia
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| because skeletal & smooth muscles are __ they are called muscle fibers | show 🗑
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| show | muscle
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| word root means muscle | show 🗑
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| show | sarco-
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| word root means husk | show 🗑
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| muscle composed of cylindrical, multinucleate cells w/obvious striations; attached to skeleton; voluntary muscle | show 🗑
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| show | skeletal muscles
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| show | heart walls
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| show | neural controls
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| response to stimuli; generation of electrical impulse that passes along plasma membrane of muscle cell & causes cell to contract | show 🗑
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| produces movement, maintains posture, stabilizes joints, generates heat, etc. | show 🗑
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| show | locomotion; manipulation
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| skeletal muscles enable you to __ __ to changes in external environment | show 🗑
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| cardiac muscle of heart & smooth muscle in walls of blood vessels help to | show 🗑
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| skeletal muscles account for at least 40% of | show 🗑
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| show | generating heat
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| show | smooth muscles
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| show | composition of skeletal muscles
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| in general, __ __ is served by one nerve, artery, & 1/more veins | show 🗑
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| show | contract in without nerve stimulation
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| long & winding w/numerous cross-links, which is feature that accommodates changes in muscle length | show 🗑
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| muscle capillaries __ when muscle is stretched | show 🗑
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| show | contort
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| support each muscle cell & reinforce muscle as a whole; prevents bulging muscle from bursting during strong contractions | show 🗑
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| bundle of nerve/muscle fibers bound together by CT | show 🗑
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| show | elasticity
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| CT sheaths provide entry & exit routes for | show 🗑
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| movable attachment of a muscle | show 🗑
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| when muscle contracts movable bone, __ moves towards immovable/less movable bone | show 🗑
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| cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching muscle to bone | show 🗑
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| fibrous/membranous sheet connecting muscle & part it moves | show 🗑
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| show | aponeurosis/tendon
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| indirect attachments are more common because of | show 🗑
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| show | tendons; joint
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| show | glycosomes
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| oxygen-binding, red pigment in muscle | show 🗑
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| show | hemoglobin
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| show | myofibril
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| myofibrils account for about 80% of | show 🗑
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| repeating series of dark & light bands, evident along length of each myofibril | show 🗑
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| show | A bands
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| show | I bands
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| show | H zone
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| show | M line
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| darker, midline interruption in I bands; coin-shaped sheet composed largely of protein alpha-actinin; anchors thin filaments | show 🗑
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| smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends from 1 Z disc to next | show 🗑
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| show | functional unit
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| sarcomere contains __ band flanked by 1/2 __ band | show 🗑
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| located in center; contain myosin; extend entire length of A band | show 🗑
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| more lateral; contain actin; extend across I band & partway into A band | show 🗑
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| contain desmin; extend from Z disc; connect each myofibril to next throughout width of muscle cell | show 🗑
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| consists of 2 heavy & 4 light polypeptide chains; has rod-like tail attached by flexible hinge to 2 globular heads | show 🗑
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| rod-shaped protein, spiral about actin core & hep stiffen & stabilize it | show 🗑
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| show | block
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| globular, three-polypeptide complex | show 🗑
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| troponin & tropomyosin help control __ __ involved in contraction | show 🗑
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| composed of titin | show 🗑
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| show | titin
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| titin forms __ of thick filament | show 🗑
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| show | organization of A band
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| titin holds thick filaments in place, helping muscle cell to | show 🗑
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| titin does not resist stretching in | show 🗑
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| titin stiffens as it uncoils, helping muscle to | show 🗑
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| structural protein that links thin filaments to integral proteins of sarcolemma | show 🗑
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| show | bind filaments or sarcomeres together & maintain their alignment
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| show | participate in regulation of muscle contractions
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| show | myofibril communicating at H zone
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| major role of SR is to regulate | show 🗑
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| T tubules increase muscle fiber's __ __ | show 🗑
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| successive groupings of 2 membranous structures (terminal cisterna, T tubule, & terminal cisterna | show 🗑
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| show | conduct impulses to deepest regions of muscle cell to every sarcomere
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| protruding integral proteins of T tubules act as | show 🗑
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| show | foot proteins
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| show | activation of myosin's cross bridges
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| states that during contraction thin filaments slide past thick ones so that actin & myosin filaments overlap to greater degree | show 🗑
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| for skeletal muscle to contract it must be | show 🗑
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| large transient depolarization event, including polarity reversal, that is conducted along membrane of muscle cell/nerve fiber | show 🗑
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| for skeletal muscle to contract it must be activated, then must | show 🗑
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| show | short-lived rise in intracellular calcium ion levels
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| show | somatic motor neurons
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| show | axons
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| synaptic connection of axon of motor neuron with muscle fiber | show 🗑
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| show | elliptical neuromuscular junctions
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| each muscle fiber has | show 🗑
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| show | synaptic cleft
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| show | acetylcholine (ACh)
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| show | junctional folds
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| junctional folds provide __ __ __ for location for millions of ACh receptors | show 🗑
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| neuromuscular junction includes | show 🗑
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| enzyme present at NMJ & synapses that degrades acetylcholine & terminates its action | show 🗑
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| disease characterized by drooping upper eyelids, difficulty swallowing & talking, & generalized muscle weakness, involves shortage of ACh receptor | show 🗑
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| show | polarized
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| loss of a state of polarity; loss/reduction of negative membrane potential | show 🗑
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| depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to post-synaptic membrane in NMJ | show 🗑
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| movement of membrane potential to initial resting state | show 🗑
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| show | refractory period
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| show | electrical conditions
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| ATP-dependent sodium-ion pump restores __ __ of resting state | show 🗑
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| once initiated, the action potential is __ | show 🗑
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| events of excitation-contraction coupling take place during __ __ btwn action potential initiation & beginning of mechanical activity | show 🗑
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| show | muscle is relaxed
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| show | removed
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| continues as long as Ca signal & adequate ATP are present | show 🗑
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| show | increase greatly
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| except for brief period following muscle cell __, Ca ion concentrations in cytosol are kept low | show 🗑
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| graphic recording of mechanical contractile activity produced by apparatus that measures muscle contraction | show 🗑
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| show | period of time btwn stimulation & onset of muscle contraction; excitation-contraction coupling occurs here
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| show | when cross bridges are active, from onset-peak tension development, myogram tracing rises to peak
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| period of relaxation | show 🗑
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| show | some neuromuscular problems
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| relatively smooth; vary in strength as different demands placed on them | show 🗑
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| show | graded muscle responses
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| nervous system achieves __ __ __ by increasing firing rate of motor neurons | show 🗑
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| show | temporal/wave summation
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| show | unfused/incomplete tetanus
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| show | complete tetanus
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| fused/complete tetanus happens __ in real world | show 🗑
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| __ tetanus eventually leads to muscle __ | show 🗑
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| show | contractile
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| show | primary function of wave summation
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| show | recruitment/multiple motor unit summation
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| stimulus too weak to evoke a response | show 🗑
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| show | threshold stimulus
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| show | maximal stimulus
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| show | does not produce stronger contraction
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| recruitment process is __ by size principle | show 🗑
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| motor units of small, highly excitable motor neurons (found in smallest muscle fibers) tend to be activated first; as motor units w/larger & larger muscle fibers begin to excited, contractile strength increases | show 🗑
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| show | most powerful contraction is necessary
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| show | occur in small steps
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| according to size principle, gradations in muscle force are __ __ when large amounts of force are needed | show 🗑
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| show | asynchronously
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| even __ muscles are almost always __ | show 🗑
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| show | concentric contraction
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| type of muscle contraction that occurs as muscle fibers lengthen; contractile force generated by muscle is weaker than opposing force, which causes muscle to stretch | show 🗑
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| show | more forceful
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| eccentric contractions put body in position to | show 🗑
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| CP-ADP reaction is catalyzed by | show 🗑
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| show | glycolysis
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| show | per glucose broken down
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| product of anaerobic metabolism, especially in muscle | show 🗑
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| lactic acid is produced when bulging muscles (from vigorous activity) compress blood vessels within them causing | show 🗑
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| energy-yielding conversion of glucose to lactic acid in muscle, when sufficient oxygen is not available | show 🗑
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| during __ __, lactic acid is end product of cellular metabolism of glucose | show 🗑
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| 95% of ATP used for muscle activity from from | show 🗑
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| when ATP demands are within capacity os aerobic pathway, light to moderate muscular activity can | show 🗑
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| show | glycolysis contributes more & more of total ATP generated
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| show | aerobic endurance
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| show | anaerobic threshold
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| activities requiring surge of power lasting only few seconds (i.e. weight lighting, diving, etc.) rely | show 🗑
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| more on-and-off or burst-like activities (i.e. tennis, soccer, etc.) appear to be fueled | show 🗑
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| show | mainly on aerobic respiration
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| levels of CP & ATP do not change much during __ __ because ATP is generated at same rate it is use | show 🗑
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| show | contractures
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| example of temporary contracture | show 🗑
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| show | ionic imbalances
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| lactic acid is more important in provoking __ fatigue than __ fatigue | show 🗑
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| show | contractile proteins
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| lactic acid has been shown to __ high K+ levels, which do lead to muscle fatigue | show 🗑
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| show | alter E-P coupling
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| show | regulation; release
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| show | anaerobic muscle contraction
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| show | oxygen deficit (definition)
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| show | need; actually used
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| only about 40% of energy released during muscle activity is | show 🗑
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| show | cross-sectional area
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| force generated by cross bridges, inside contracting muscle fibers | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | external tension
🗑
|
||||
| show | optimal operating length
🗑
|
||||
| relationship btwn length of fiber & force that fiber produces at that length; permits sliding along nearly entire length of thin filaments | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | split ATP
🗑
|
||||
| in slow/fast fibers, difference in speed reflects on pattern of __ __ of motor neurons | show 🗑
|
||||
| depending on pathways for forming ATP, skeletal muscles cells can be classified as | show 🗑
|
||||
| exercise that increases the need for oxygen | show 🗑
|
||||
| moderately weak but sustained muscle activity | show 🗑
|
||||
| high-intensity exercise in which the muscles are pitted against high resistance or immovable forces and, as a result, muscle cells increase in size | show 🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscle fibers run parallel to long axis of organ; when muscle contracts organ dilates & shortens | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | circular layer
🗑
|
||||
| junction of varicosities & synaptic cleft of smooth muscle cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | surround entire muscle
🗑
|
||||
| endomysium | show 🗑
|
||||
| perimysium | show 🗑
|
||||
| deep fascia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fiber
🗑
|
||||
| show | cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber
🗑
|
||||
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | rod-like contractile elements within a muscle fiber
🗑
|
||||
| show | functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber
🗑
|
||||
| show | area of the sarcomere with overlapping thick and thin filaments
🗑
|
||||
| show | area of sarcomere containing only thin filaments
🗑
|
||||
| show | are in center of A band containing only thick filaments
🗑
|
||||
| show | cross bridges
🗑
|
||||
| synaptic knob | show 🗑
|
||||
| synaptic cleft | show 🗑
|
||||
| motor end plate | show 🗑
|
||||
| twitch | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle producing peak tensions with visible relaxation during rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation
🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle that is stimulated so frequently that the relaxation phase is completely eliminated
🗑
|
||||
| wave summation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | best suited for slow oxidative fibers
🗑
|
||||
| 400M or 800M sprint | show 🗑
|
||||
| short-term intense movements | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with striations
🗑
|
||||
| show | branching chains of cells; uni- or binucleate striations; intercalated discs
🗑
|
||||
| show | single, fusiform, uninucleate; no striations
🗑
|
||||
| show | ability to receive and respond to a stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| contractility | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ability to be stretched or extended
🗑
|
||||
| elasticity | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | contraction of muscle during which the muscle changes in length and the tension remains constant through most of the contractile period
🗑
|
||||
| isometric contraction | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | contraction of the muscle in which the muscle shortens and does work
🗑
|
||||
| show | contraction of muscle in which the muscle contracts as it lengthens
🗑
|
||||
| show | axonal endings
🗑
|
||||
| show | cardiac muscles
🗑
|
||||
| involuntary, autonomic nerves, hormones, local chemicals | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction
🗑
|
||||
| show | high-energy compound in muscle
🗑
|
||||
| show | O2 storage molecules in muscles
🗑
|
||||
| lactic acid | show 🗑
|
||||
| fast oxidative fibers | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle fibers that are most resistant to fatigue
🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle fibers that have few mitochondria
🗑
|
||||
| sustained spasm, or tetanic contraction | show 🗑
|
||||
| inflammation of a muscle, its connective tissue coverings and tendons, and capsules of nearby joints | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | myalgia
🗑
|
||||
| excessive stretching and possible tearing of a muscle caused by muscle overuse or abuse | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | time btwn stimulus/electrical event & mechanical event of contraction
🗑
|
||||
| show | time during which the muscle is shortening
🗑
|
||||
| show | time during which the muscle is returning to its original length
🗑
|
||||
| refractory period | show 🗑
|
||||
| action potential | show 🗑
|
||||
| resting potential | show 🗑
|
||||
| repolarization | show 🗑
|
||||
| refractory period | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | electrical event occurring only at neuromuscular junction
🗑
|
||||
| show | released by terminal cisternae into the sarcoplasm to bind with troponin
🗑
|
||||
| acetylcholinesterase | show 🗑
|
||||
| calmodulin | show 🗑
|
||||
| electrical conditions of a resting sarcolemma | show 🗑
|
||||
| depolarization & generation of action potential | show 🗑
|
||||
| propagation of action potential | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | change in sarcolemma after the wave of depolarization; Na+ channels close and K+ channels open, allowing K+ to create a positive charge outside the membrane
🗑
|
||||
| producing movement | show 🗑
|
||||
| maintaining posture | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | attaching to bones and keeping them in close proximity to one another
🗑
|
||||
| show | release of energy during metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| show | changes shape during the contraction cycle
🗑
|
||||
| actin | show 🗑
|
||||
| tropomyosin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | binds Ca2+ and starts the contraction cycle
🗑
|
||||
| show | entire
🗑
|
||||
| as an axon enters a muscle, it branches into a number of axonal terminals, each of which forms a neuromuscular junction with a single muscle fiber. A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies is called a(n) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ca2+
🗑
|
||||
| each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a neuron at a single | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | composition of the structure known as a triad in a skeletal muscle fiber
🗑
|
||||
| show | sliding filament model
🗑
|
||||
| show | dense layer of collagen fibers that surround an entire skeletal muscle
🗑
|
||||
| muscle tone | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | type of muscle contraction in which the muscle fibers produce increased tension, but the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens
🗑
|
||||
| lactic acid | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | sequence of electrical changes that occurs along the sarcolemma when a muscle fiber is stimulated
🗑
|
||||
| show | binds calcium ions in a smooth muscle, causing contraction
🗑
|
||||
| sarcomere is part of | show 🗑
|
||||
| "cross bridges" that link between the thick and thin filaments are formed by the | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | refractory period of muscle cell
🗑
|
||||
| cause of rigor mortis | show 🗑
|
||||
| 95% of the energy needed for contraction during moderate exercise | show 🗑
|
||||
| T-tubules | show 🗑
|
||||
| actin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | release of acetylcholine
🗑
|
||||
| if a muscle is applied to a load that exceeds the muscle's maximum tension | show 🗑
|
||||
| graded muscle response | show 🗑
|
||||
| aerobic respiration | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle would remain in a contracted state due to an inability to break actin-myosin cross bridges
🗑
|
||||
| show | calcium-calmodulin
🗑
|
||||
| skeletal muscle relies on the __ __ system to regulate contraction | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | progressive, wavelike contractions that move foodstuffs through alimentary tube organs/move other substances through other hollow body organs
🗑
|
||||
| show | specific NMJs
🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscles are controlled by | show 🗑
|
||||
| varicosities | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | wide synaptic cleft in general area of smooth muscles
🗑
|
||||
| show | less developed
🗑
|
||||
| show | sarcolemma; half-triads
🗑
|
||||
| pouch-like infoldings that sequester bits of extracellular fluid containing high concentration of Ca2+ close to membrane | show 🗑
|
||||
| when calcium channels in caveolae open, Ca2+ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | enters through the calcium channels
🗑
|
||||
| contraction of smooth muscle ends when calcium is | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | interdigitating thick & thin filaments
🗑
|
||||
| show | thick; myosin heads
🗑
|
||||
| show | troponin complex
🗑
|
||||
| in smooth muscle, thick & thin filaments are __ __ allowing muscles to contract in __ __; thus peristalsis | show 🗑
|
||||
| in smooth muscles, the lattice-like arrangement of non-contractile __ filaments attach to __ __ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | dense bodies
🗑
|
||||
| forms strong, cable-like intracellular cytoskeleton that harnesses pull generated by sliding of thick & thin filaments in smooth muscles | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | endomysium & adjacent cells
🗑
|
||||
| show | electrical coupling by gap junctions
🗑
|
||||
| allow smooth muscles to transmit action potentials from fiber to fiber | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | pacemaker cells
🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscle's pacemaker cells have fluctuating __ __ & are __ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | depolarize spontaneously
🗑
|
||||
| rate & intensity of smooth muscle contraction may be modified by | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | myosin kinase/myosin light chain kinase
🗑
|
||||
| show | contract & relax than skeletal muscle
🗑
|
||||
| show | latch together
🗑
|
||||
| show | latch state
🗑
|
||||
| show | ATP-efficient contraction
🗑
|
||||
| show | smooth muscle tone
🗑
|
||||
| show | aerobic pathways
🗑
|
||||
| show | graded potentials
🗑
|
||||
| show | different neurotransmitters
🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscles without nerve supply depolarize __ or in response to chemical stimuli that bind to __ __ receptors | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | without an action potential
🗑
|
||||
| show | stretch
🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscle can __ more than other muscle types | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | adapts to length & relaxes with retaining ability to contract on demand
🗑
|
||||
| lack of sarcomeres & irregular, overlapping arrangement of smooth muscle filaments allow them to | show 🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscle can contract when it is anywhere from | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | single-unit or multiunit
🗑
|
||||
| type of smooth muscle; cells contract as unit & rhythmically, are electrically coupled by gap junctions; often exhibit spontaneous action potentials | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | single-unit smooth muscle
🗑
|
||||
| show | the heart
🗑
|
||||
| show | multiunit smooth muscle
🗑
|
||||
| in multiunit smooth muscle | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | autonomic nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| show | myoblasts
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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