Tools, Techniques, & Equipment
Help!
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| Blood Collection Basics: (What the Standard Phlebotomy Cart/Tray contains. | Contains the following: Needles, Needle disposal containers(mini sharps box), Needle holders, Collection Tubes(various colored tops), Syringes, Butterfly needles, Marking pens, Tourniquets, Antiseptics, Gauze Pads, Bandages, gloves.
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| Tourniquets: | Most commonly used is a flat strip,stretchable latex, 15-18 in. Blood pressure cuffs can also be used.
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| Latex Turniquets: | Advantage is they are inexspensive and disposable. But beware of patient having allergic reactions.
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| Gloves: | Latex gloves have proved to be preventive of transmission of infectious diseases. Nitrile goves have also been used. No powder.
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| Needles. | The plebotomist must know two ciritical things for any given blood draw: 1) Whick kind of needle to use.
2) Which kind of tube to use.
Needles should be sterile, and disposable.
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| Lumen | The hollow tube within the shaft of the needle.
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| Gauge | The diameter of the lumen, needle packs are color-coded by gauge for easy identification. Choice of gauge depends on the type of blood collection and the condition of the patient.
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| Largest Diameter of a needle is: | 16 gauge, typically used at blood banks to collect blood.
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| The smallest diameter needle used: | 23 gauge needle, used for small fragile veins.
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| A 20 to 21 gauge needle: | Used when collection routine blood samples fro adult patients.
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| Hub: | Place where the needle ataches to the collecting tube or syringe.
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| Needle type (Multi-sample needles): | Used for most blood collections, a multisample needle is used which is a double ended needle; one tip of the needle pierces the patient' skin while the othe end is inserted into the evacuation tube.
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| Needle type (Safety Syringe needles): | Patients with small or fragile veins benefit most from the use of syringe because the vacc\uum of the collection tube is likely to cause the vein to collapse; with a syringe, suction can be applied slowl and gradually, so to be more gentle.
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| 22 gauge | Safety Syringe needles come in a vaiety of sizes. Most commonly used is 22 gauge that is an inch long.
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| Butterfly needles | Used for small and fragile veins.
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| Needle Adapters | (Tube Holder) is ensured to use a good connection between them.
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| A Needle Adapter | A translucent plastic cylinder with one small end that accepts the needle, while the other end has a wide opening that accepts the collection tube. Needle Adapters come in different sizes.
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| Evacuated Blood Collection Tubes: | Used with both evacuated tube system and syringe method.
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| Most direct and efficient method for obtaining blood specimen. | Blood collected directly into the tube.
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| Evacuation Tubes | Also used for transferring blood from syringe into tubes.
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| Placed in a before | Pushing a needle into the tube top in order to prevent damage to the cellular components, causes Hemolysis.
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| Three components of Evacuated Tube System; | Evacuated Sample tube.
Multi-Sample needle.
Needle Holder.
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| Double pointed needl | Enters the vein, the other end pierces the top of the tube, and the vacuum aspirates the blood.
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| Color Coated Evacuation Tubes | Ensures that the physician's prescription is followed: Type of Blood Draw.
Additive in the tube.
Specimen to be tested.
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| The Colored Tube Tops | Thick Rubber Stoppers, or with Plastic tops.
Exception to plastic tubes is red-topped glass tubes.
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| Red Glass Tubes | Used only for serum collection and contains NO additives; come in sizes ranging from 2 to 15 ml.
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| The Evacuation Tube size is selected according to: | Age of patient.
Amount of blood needed for the test.
Size and condition of the patient's vein. Must be careful to match needle size to the tube size; the wrong size tube and needle combination could render the drawn sample useless.
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| Some Evacuation Tubes are coated on the inside with Silicon to: | Prevent destruction of RBC's
Prevent Blood from sticking to the sides of the tube.
Prevent activitation of clotting factors.
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| Without Additives | Blood collected in tubes without will clot and yield serum.
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| Tubes that contain Additives: | May or may not clot, dependin on the type of additive they contain.
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| Tubes Specifically designed to be used with | Chemistry, Hematology or microbiology instrumentation.
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