Chapter 8.1 Movements of the Synovial Joints
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| Flexion | decreases the angle between bones
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| Extension | increases the angle between bones
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| Hyperextension | increases the joint angle beyond the anatomic position
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| Dorsiflexion | raises the foot upward at the ankle joint
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| Plantar | pushes the foot down at the ankle joint
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| Abduction | moves a bone away from the midline
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| Adduction | moves a bone toward the midline
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| Rotation | moves a bone around a central axis, perpendicular to the axis
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| Rotation | moves a bone around a central axis, perpendicular to the axis
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| Circumductiom | moves a bone so the end of it describes a circle and the sides of it describe a cone
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| Supination | moves the palm of the hand to an upright position or from a posterior to an anterior position of at the side of the body
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| Pronation | moves the palm of the hand to a downward position or from an anterior position to a posterior position if at the side of the body
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| Eversion | moves the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
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| Inversion | moves the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
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| Protraction | moves a part of the body forward on a plane parallel to the ground
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| Retraction | moves a part of body backward on a plane parallel to the ground
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| Elevation | raises a part of the body
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| Depression | lowers a part of the body
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| Opposition | allows the tip of the thumb and the fingers to be brought together (a mitten)
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| Reposition | spread the fingers and the thumb away from each other (a glove)
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