Characteristics, classification and nomenclature of disease
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| Aetiology | the cause(s) of a disease | show 🗑
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| show | its usual course from beginning to end without treatment | (blank)
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| show | structural alterations that occur in tissues. | May be recognisable by gross or microscopic examination
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| show | symptoms, physical signs | the obvious effects of the disease
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| Symptoms | show | (blank)
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| Physical signs | Objective findings eg heart murmur, swelling of feet. Sometimes noted by the patient but which can be confirmed by the physician | show 🗑
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| show | the secondary, systemic or remote consequences of a disease. | Complications = complicates what you are suffering from eg bacterial infection due to virus -> pneumonia...Sequelae = after pneumonia you may get scar tissue laid down in lungs then 20 yrs later get difficulty in breathing
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| Prognosis | the anticipated course of the disease in terms of cure, remission or fate of the patient | show 🗑
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| Pathogenicity | Ability (high, low, etc) of a microorganism to cause disease | show 🗑
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| show | any disease-causing microorganism or substance | (blank)
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| show | measure of the pathogenicity of an organism by the ability to invade host tissues and cause disease, or by case fatality rates | (blank)
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| Health | show | it signifies an internal harmony amongst the individual's cells, fluids, tissues and organs
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| Mortality | show | a disease with high mortality will kill a larger proportion of the population
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| Epidemiology | the study of the incidence and distribution of a disease within populations | show 🗑
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| show | no known cause | (blank)
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| show | present at birth | (blank)
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| show | develop after birth | most aquired diseases are due to environmental causes and can be classified according to aetiology or pathogenesis
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| show | the mechanism causing the disease | Describes the sequence of events, from beginning to conclusion, including the mechanisms involved in that process
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| diseases due to a combination of causes are said to have a : | show | (blank)
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| risk factors giving a permisive effect in facilitating the development of a disease in an individual: | show | (blank)
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| in the absence of any known cause a disease is classified aetiologically as: | show | all these terms have the same meaning, but are used in their own special contexts eg essential hypotention, spontaneous pneumothorax, cryptogenic cirrhosis.
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| Causal association | show | the stronger the causal association, the more likely it is to be the aetiology of the disease.
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| Toxic diseases | show | (blank)
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| Infectious diseases | result from invasion of the body by living pathogenic agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa or helminths (worms) | show 🗑
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| Physical injury | show | trauma = mechanical injury
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| Allergic diseases | show | eg asthma, hayfever. aberrant immune response. Reaction to harmless antigen. Reacting to non-self.
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| Autoimmune diseases | caused by an aberrant immune response directed against some component of the host | show 🗑
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| show | diseases characterised by the uncoordinated growth of cells | (blank)
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| Nutritional disease | show | (blank)
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| Psychosomatic disease | Brought on by psychological factors | show 🗑
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| predisposing or secondary causes | conditioning factors that permit the primary cause to act | show 🗑
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| Topography | show | (blank)
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| show | how it is described | (blank)
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| show | a disease characterised by multiple abnormalities | a combination of signs and symptoms or a combination of lesions characteristic of a particular disease, without which the disease cannot be recognised or diagnosed. No one feature alone being diagnostic. eg Cushing's syndrome
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| morbid entities | show | (blank)
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| Pathological and clinical manifestations | show | (blank)
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| show | aetiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, compications and sequelae, prognosis, epidemiology | (blank)
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| multifactorial aetiology | show | (blank)
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| show | diseases associated with an increased risk of cancer | eg hepatic cirrhosis predisposes to hepatocellular carcinoma. Ulerative colitis predisposes to carcinoma of the large intestine
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| show | the histologically identifiable antecedent lesion from which a cancer directly develops | (blank)
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| Inflammation | a response to many microorganisms and other harmful agents causing tissue injury | show 🗑
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| Degeneration | a deterioration of cells or tissues in response to, or failure of adaptation to, a variety of agents | show 🗑
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| Carcinogenesis | the mechanism by which cancer-causing agents result in the development of tumours | show 🗑
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| Immune reactions | undesirable effects of the body's immune system | show 🗑
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| show | pathological feature characteristic of a particular disease | eg Reed-Sternberg cells are pathognomonic of Hodgkin's disease: they are exceptionally rare in any other condition
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| ana- | absence | show 🗑
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| dys- | disordered | show 🗑
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| meta- | show | eg metaplasia
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| show | an inflammatory process | eg appendicitis
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| show | a tumour | eg carcinoma
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| show | state or condition, not necessariliy pathological | eg osteoarthrosis
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| show | lack | eg thrombocytopenia
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| -cytosis | show | eg leukocytosis
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| -ectasis | show | eg bronchiectasis
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| -plasia | disordered growth | show 🗑
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| -opathy | abnormal state lacking in specific characteristics | show 🗑
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