Muscles and movements
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| Lateral pterygoid | Sphenoid | Mandibular condyle (and TMJ joint capsule) | Protraction | Temporomandibular (deep) | Combined with medial pterygoid-lateral excursion (chewing)
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| Medial pterygoid | Sphenoid | Ramus, angle of mandible (medial) | Elevation (slight protraction) | Temporomandibular (deep) | Combined with lateral pterygoid-lateral excursion (chewing)
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| Sternocleidomastoid | Sternum (side of jugular notch); medial third of clavicle | Mastoid process of mandible | Flexion (bilateral activation); contralateral rotation (unilateral activation) | Neck (anterior) |
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| Scalene-anterior | Transverse process of cervical vertebrae | Superior surface of first rib | Ipsilateral lateral flexion; elevation of ribs for inspiration (if head is stabilized by other muscles) | Neck (anterior) | Scalenes
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| Scalene-medius | Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae | Superior surface of first rib | Ipsilateral lateral flexion; elevation of ribs for inspiration (if head is stabilized by other muscles) | Neck (anterior) | Scalenes
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| Scalene-posterior | Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae | Superior surface of second rib | Ipsilateral lateral flexion; elevation of ribs for inspiration (if head is stabilized by other muscles) | Neck (anterior) | Scalenes
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| Longus capitis | Cervical vertebrae | Occipital bone (anterior/lateral to foramen magnum) | Flexion; lateral flexion | Neck (anterior) | Prevertebral; deeper, weaker than scalenes/sternocleidomastoid
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| Longus colli | Thoracic vertebrae | Bodies of cervical vertebrae | Flexion; lateral flexion | Neck (anterior) | Prevertebral; deeper, weaker than scalenes/sternocleidomastoid
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| Rectus capitis anterior | Atlas (anterior transverse process) | Occipital bone (lateral to insertion points of longus capitis) | Flexion; lateral flexion | Neck (anterior) | Prevertebral; deeper, weaker than scalenes/sternocleidomastoid
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| Rectus capitis lateralis | Atlas (anterior transverse process) | Occipital bone (lateral to insertion points of longus capitis) | Flexion; lateral flexion | Neck (anterior) | Prevertebral; deeper, weaker than scalenes/sternocleidomastoid
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| Rectus abdominis | Pubic crest and symphysis | Xiphoid process and costal cartilages (5-7) | Flexion (first 1/3, rest is gravity and momentum) (thoracic/lateral regions of spine) | Trunk (anterior) | 3 tenindous inscriptions (divides muscle into 4 bellies=8-pack abs); rectus sheath (sheath of connective tissue covering abs); linea alba (line of connective tissue in the middle, crosses navel); "abs"
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| External oblique | Lower 8 ribs | Iliac crest; aponeurosis (rectus) from ribs to linea alba | (Ipsilateral) flexion; lateral flexion; contralateralrotation (with legs flexed) | Trunk(anterior, superficial) | Runs downward and forward; continuous with external intercostals
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| Internal oblique | Iliac crest; thoracolumbar fascia | Aponeurosis, costal cartilage (10-12) | Flexion; lateral flexion; ipsilateral rotation (with legs fixed) | Trunk (anterior) | Directly under external oblique; runs downward and backward; role in forced expiration
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| Transversus abdominis | Iliac crest; thoracolumbar fascia; ribs (6-12) | Linea alba via abdominal aponeurosis | Compression of abdomen | Trunk (anterior) | Not really used in movement
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| Psoas Major | Lumbar transverse processes | Greater trochanter | Flexion | Trunk (anterior, deep) | Wraps around head of femur
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| Splenius capitis | Spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae | Mastoid process of occipital bone | Extension; ipsilateral rotation | Neck (posterior, intermediate) | Superior/anterior to splenius cervicis
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| Splenius cervicis | Spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae | Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae | Extension; ipsilateral rotation | Neck (posterior, intermediate) | Inferior/posterior to splenius capitis
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| Erector spinae group | Posterior iliac crest and sacrum | Trunk (posterior, intermediate) | Antagonist to rectus abdominus
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| Rectus capitis posterior major | Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae | Inferior nuchal lines | Extension; ipsilateral rotation | Neck (posterior, deep) | Suboccipital muscle; broad attachment at nuchal line
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| Rectus capitis posterior minor | Spinous process of atlas (C1) | Inferior nuchal lines | Extension | Neck (posterior, deep) | Suboccipital muscle; under rectus capitis posterior major
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| Obliquus capitis superior | Transverse process of atlas (C1) | Superior nuchal lines | Extension; lateral flexion | Neck (posterior, deep) | Suboccipital muscle
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| Obliquus capitis inferior | Spinous process of axis (C2) | Transverse process of atlas (C1) | Ipsilateral rotation | Neck (posterior, deep) | Suboccipital muscle
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| Semispinalis | Transversospinalis muscle; semispinalis capitis/cervicis/thoracis
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| Multifidus | Transverse process of vertebrae | Spinous process of vertebrae above (next superior) | Trunk (posterior, deep) | Transversospinalis muscle
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| Rotatores | Transverse process of vertebra x | Brevis: spinous process of vertebra x-1; longus: spinous process of vertebra x-2 | Trunk (posterior, deep) | Transversospinalis muscle
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| Interspinales | Spinous processes of vertebrae | Spinous process of adjacent vertebrae | Extension | Trunk (posterior, deep) | Segmental muscle
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| Intertransversarius | Transverse processes of vertebrae | Transverse process of adjacent vertebrae | Lateral flexion | Trunk (posterior, deep) | Segmental muscle
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| Quadratus lumborum | Iliac crest | Lower rib; transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) | Lateral flexion | Trunk (posterior, deep) |
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| Masseter | Zygomatic arch (medial) | Ramus, angle of mandible (lateral) | Elevation | Temporomandibular (superficial) | Wraps around angle; feel angle with clenched teeth; spasms=grinding teeth
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| Temporalis | Lateral skull (frontal, parietal, temporal) | Coronoid process of mandible | Elevation, retraction | Temporomandibular (superficial) | Broad origin; feel side of head with clenched teeth; spasms=grinding teeth
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