BARRON'S APHG CHAPTER 2 VOCABULARY by Deja, Jennie, & Jimmy
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| the distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length, such as a mile or kilometer | absolute distance
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| the exact position of an object or place, measured within the spatial coordinates of a grid system | absolute location
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| the relative case with which a destination may be reached from some other place | accessibility
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| a map projection in which the place is the most developable surface | azimuthal projection
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| the outer edge of a city's sphere of influence, used in the law of retail gravitation to describe the area of a city's hinterlands that depend on that city for its retail supply | breaking point
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| a type of thematic map that transforms space such that the political unit with the greatest value for some type of data is represented by the largest relative area | cartograms
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| a thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit area | choropleth map
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| an image of a portion of the earth's surface that an individual creates in his or her mind | cognitive map
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| the actual or potential relationship between two places, usually refering to economic interactions | complementary
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| the degree of of economic, social, cultural, or political connection between two places | connectivity
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| the spread of disease, innovation, or cultural traits through direct contact with another person or another place | contagious diffusion
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| a standard grid, composed od lines of latitude and longitude, used to determine the absolute location of any object, place or feature of the earth's surface | coordinate system
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| the decrease in interaction between two phenomena,places, or people as the distance between them increases | distance decay effect
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| thematic maps that use points to show the precise locations of specific observations or occurences, such as crimes, car accidents, or births | dot maps
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| the spread of ideas, innovations, fashion, or other phenomena to surrounding areas through contact and exchange | expansion diffusion
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| a measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between two places | friction of distance
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| a type of map projection that maintains the accurate size and shape of landmasses but completely rearranges direction such that the four cardinal directions - north, south, east, and west - no longer have any meaning | fuller projection
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| the actual shape of the earth, which is rough and oblate, or slightly squashed | geoid
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| based on Isaac Newtpn's law of universal gravitation. the degree to which objects are attracted to each other by gravity is the result of the product of their respective masses, divided the square of their distance apart | gravity model
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| anything in the landscape, real or perceived, that is potentially threatening; avoided in spatial behavior | hazards
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| involves the transmission of a phenomenon from one place to another because the level of interaction between places that overcomes the actual distances between them. | hierarchial diffusion
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| the line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, centered in the 180th meridian | international date line
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| the idea that one place has a demand for some good or service and two places have a supply of equal price and quality, then the closer of the two suppliers to the buyer will represent this | intervening opportunities
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| contour; lines that represent quantities of equal value and are familiar to those who use topographic maps for navigation | isolines
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| the angular distance north or south of the equator; parallels | latitude
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| maps that have large scale ratios and cover smaller regions | large-scale
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| law that states that people will be drawn to larger cities to conduct business because larger cities have a wider influence on the hinterlnds that surround them | law of retial gravitation
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| convey a large amount of information by associating charts with specific mapped locations | location charts
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| the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian; meridian | longitude
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| a mathematical method that involves transferring the earth's sphere onto a flat surface; all have distortions in either area, directon, distance, or shape | map projections
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| inform people of spatial behavior | mental map
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| preserves accurate compass direction,distorts the area of landmasses relative to each other | mercator projection
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| a line of longitude that runs north-south. all lines of longitude are equal in length and intersect at the poles | meridian
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| an east-west line of latitude that runs parallel to the equator and that marks the distance north or south of the equator | parallel
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| cylindrical projection that retains accurate sizes of all the world's landmasses | peter's map projection
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| a map that displays individual preferences for certain places | preference map
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| an imaginary line passing through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England, which marks the 0 degree line of longitude | prime meridian
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| a map in which a chosen symbol indicates a relative magnitude of some value for a given geographic region | proportional symbols map
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| maps for locating and navigating between places | reference map
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| a measure of distance that includes the costs of overcoming the friction of absolute distance separating two places | relative distance
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| position of a place relative to places around it | relative location
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| the diffusion of ideas, innovations, behaviors, and the like from one place to another through migration | relocation diffusion
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| a map'd smallest discernable unit | resolution
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| projection that doesn't maintain accurate area, shape, distance, or direction but minimizes errors in each | robinson projection
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| the ratio between the size of an area on a map and the acutal size of that same area on the earth's surface | scale
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| the absolute location of a place, described by local relief, landforms, and other cultural or physical characteristics | site
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| the relative location of place in relaton to the physical and cultural characterisitcis of the surrounding area and the connections and interdepedence within rhat system | situation
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| ratio between map units and ground units is small | small-scale
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| describes the ways in which phenomena such as technological innovation, cultural trends, or even outbreaks of disease travel over space | spatual diffusion
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| when a trait of one culture prompts invention or innovation in another | stimulus diffusion
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| maps that display many variables across a specific space | thematic map
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| idea that states with increasing transportation and communication technology, the absolute distance between certain places is shrinking | time-space convergence
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| a map in which the isoline indicates a constant elevation | topographic maps
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| the amount of connectivity between places, regardless of the absolute distance separating them | topological space
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| refers to the cost involved in moving goods from one place to another | transferability
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| use sophisticated software to create dynamic computer maps, some of 3D or interactive | visualization
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