pulse, respiration and bp
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| Temporial Artery | Located on the temple directory in front of the ear.
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| Carotid Artery | Runs along both sides of your neck. Used for pulse in patients who are in shock or lack of a detectable pulse
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| Apex of Heart | Not an artery, apical pulse site below the heart.
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| Brachial Artery | Inside the upper arm near the elbow.
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| Radial Artery | Located laterial of the wrist.
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| Femoral Artery | Located inner thigh at mid ing point.
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| Dorsalis pedis | Top of the foot.
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| Popliteral Artery | Behind the knee.
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| Describe the characteristics of pulse | Rate - S/B 60-100 bpm normal range at rest. Rhythm - Regular / irregular. If irregular retake for 60 sec. Volume - if strong bounding)or weak (thready).
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| Weak | 1+
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| Normal | 2+
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| Bounding | 3+
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| State normal range of heart rate and factors which influence each. | 60 - 100 Factors which influence, stress, medication, exercise.
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| Bradycardia | < 60
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| Tachycardia | > 100
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| Define the difference between heart rate and pulse. | HR is how many beats per minute. Pulse vibration agaist the wall.
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| Define pulse deficit | Numerical differnece between apical pulse and radial pulse. I.E. apical 101, radial 88 pulse deficit would be 13 bpm.
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| Describe procedure to take pulse. | Palm side of the patients wrist w/your first 3 finger tips approx. 1" below
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| Define respiration; state factors which influence. | Inhalation & exhalation makes one count. Factors include excercise, lung disease and sleep apnea.
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| Name the control center of pulse and respiration. | Medulla
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| Describe pulse oximetry | A device usually attached to the earlobe or fingertip, that measures the oxygen saturation or arterial blood. Normal range 95 -100 %
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| Describe respiratory physiology; role of phrenic nerve and diaphragm and O2 and CO2 levels. | Medulla receptors are sensitive to levels co2 and o2. Stimulate for stimulating. Phronic nerve travels to diaphragm - contract. CO2 up & o2 down stimulate for stimulating phronic nerve.
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| Define blood pressure | Force excerted by blood against the arterial wall.
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| Define cardiac output | amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute. If HR is higher blood output is higher
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| Define peripheral resistance | opposing force of the vessel against the blood. Athersclerosis.
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| Define stroke volume | amount of blood ejected from the heart per contraction. damage to heart
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| Define pulse pressure | numerical difference between systolic bp and diastolic bp.
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| List physiological factors which determine bp. | Blood volume Cardia output stroke volume peripheral resistance homones
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| Systolic normal range | 80 - 140
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| Diastolic normal range | 0 - 79
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| Severe hemorrhaging would | decrease blood pressure and increase pulse.
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| What hormones increase BP | ADH (anti-directic retains water)and Aldosterone (retains salt)
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| What is BP measured in | Millimeters of mercury each line represents 2
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| What method is used in obtaining a BP using the sethoscope auscultatory or palpatory? | auscultatory
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| List what is meant by vital signs | Body temperature, blood pressure, pulse and respiration rate.
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| Define arteriosclerosis | Harding thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial wall.
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| Atherosclerosis | Narrowing of the arterial lumen. fatty plaques.
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| What are the 5 phases of BP | I. 1st sound systolic II. sounds continue (swish auscltatory gap) III. sounds continue (if swish could be mistaken for systolic. IV. korothkoff sounds stop diasytolic V no sounds
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| List 7 factors that could cause a an error in a BP reading. | 1. Legs crosssed, cuff applied over clothing, drank coffee or smoked within 30 minutes of test, bladder is not centered, cuff is too large, limb is not elevated with heart.
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