Christianity- AP European History- 2011 Gilstrap Mid- Year Review
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| The Life Of Jesus | -Published by David Freidrick Strauss(1808- 1874)
-Questioned wether the Bible provided any genuine historical evidence about Jesus
-Contended that the story of Jesus was a myth that arose from particular social and intellectual conditions of that time
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| Julius Wellhausen | -(1844- 1918)
-German scholar
-Contended that human authors had written and revised the books of the Bible with the Jewish society and politics in mind
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| Ernst Renan | -(1823- 1892)
-French scholar
-Believed that the Bibke was not and inspired book, but had been written by normal human beings in a primative society
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| William Robertson Smith | -(1847- 1894)
-English scholar
-Questioned the Bible and caused many pther literate Europeans to loose faith in Christianity
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| Natural Theology | -Published in 1802
-Published by William Paley (1743- 1805)
-Scientific writing that undermined Christianity
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| Charles Lyell | -(1797- 1875)
-Geologist that suggested that the earth is much older than the Bible says
-Looked for natural causes for natural disasters
-Removed the hand of God from the physical develpoment ot the earth
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| Charles Darwin | -(1809- 1882)
-cast doubts on the Biblical Creation
-suggested that the moral nature of humankind kind can be explained without the appeal of God
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| Friedridh Nietzsche | -(1844- 1900)
-German philosopher
-portrayed Christianity as a religion that glorified weakness rather than stregnth
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| Education Act of 1807 | -Great Britain
-provided for state- supported schools run by elected school boards
-new schools were built in places that weren't dominated by religion
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| Education Act of 1902 | -Great Britain
-Government provided state support for both religious and nonreligious schools
-the same educational standards were imposed on each type of school
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| Falloux Law of 1850 | -France
-Local priest provides religious education in public schools
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| Jules Ferry | -(1832- 1893) -French sponsor of educational laws that replaced religious instruction in the public schools with civic training -number of public schools was expanded and members of religious could no longer teach in them
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| Napoleanic Concordat | -Terminated in 1905 -seperated church and state
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| "May Laws" of 1873 | -Applied to Prussia, not all of German Empire -Required priests to be educated in German schools and pass state exams -state could veto appointments of priests -abolished the disiplinary power of the pope and church over the clergy, given to the state
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| Kulturkampf | -1870s -"cultural struggle" -conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and the government of the German Empire
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| Attempt to Christianize Europe | -last attempt: late 19th century
-well organized, well planned, and well financed
-para, it failed because the population of Europe had outstripped the resources of the churches
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| Pope Pius IX | -ruled 1846-1878 -he was a liberal ponificate -vanished when he fled from the turmoil in Rome in November
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| Syllabus of Errors | -Issued in 1864 by Pope Piusu IX -set the Catholic Church squarely against contemporary science, philosophy, and politics
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| Papal Infallibility | -the doctrine that the pope is infallible when pronouncing officially in his capacity as head of the church on matters of faith and morals -enumerated by the First Vatican Council in 1870
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| Pope Leo XIII | -(1878-1903) -succeeded Pius IX -sought to amke accomidations to the modern age and to address it's great social question -looked to the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas to reconcile claims of faith and reason
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| Rerum Novarum | -Issued in 1891 by Pope Leo XIII -defended private property, religious education, and religious control of marriage laws -condemmed socialism and Marxism -declared that employers should treat their employees justly
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| Pope Pius X | -(1903-1914) -hoped to resist modern thought amd restore religious devotional life -condemmed Catholic modernism -1910: required all priests to take an Anti- Modernist oath
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