Skeletal System
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| Arth-, Arthr- | joint
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| Carpus | wrist
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| Chond- | cartilage
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| -clast | to break
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| Cost- | ribs
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| Dont- | Teeth
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| Myel- | Bone marrow
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| Oss-, Osteo- | bone
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| syn- | union
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| Tarsus | ankle
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| exoskeleton | hard, outer skeleton that is outside the body, found in arthropods (insects, arachnids and crustaceans) and in molluscs with shells (clams and snails)
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| endoskeleton | skeleton embedded within the muscle, domestic animals contain the type of skeleton
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| functions of skeletal system | provides support, body form, works with muscle to perform body movements, and protects inner body organs
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| axial skeleton | bones of the skill, rids (costae), vertebrae, and sternum
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| appendicular skeleton | bones of the appendages or limbs
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| heterotrophic bones | (splanchnic or visceral bones) bones embedded in the organs
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| os rostrale | bone in the snout of the pig
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| ossa cordis | bones in the heart of cattle, sheep, and goats
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| os phrenis | bone in the diaphragm of camels
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| ossa penis | bones in the penis of carnivores (dogs and cats) and rodents
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| scleral rings | round bones found in the eyes of birds
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| hyoid apparatus | found in the tongue of avians
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| origin | the end of the muscle that is attached to a stationary part of bone
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| insertion | the end of the muscle that is attached to a mobile section of bone
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| tendons | attach muscles to bone
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| ligaments | attach bone to bone
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| epiphysis | the two ends of long bone
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| diaphysis | the shaft of long bone
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| epiphyseal-diaphyseal plate | a growth region between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
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| endosteum | membrane lining the medullary cavity
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| periosteum | membrane covering the outer surface of the bone composed of connective tissue
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| medullary cavity | hollow area in the center of the bone where bone marrow is located
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| diploe | spongy bone
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| long bone | dumb-bell shaped, wide, expanded ends, narrow, cylindrical mid-section
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| elongated bone | costae (ribs), expanded ends, no medullary cavity (marrow space)
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| aborted bone | ulna of horse, one expanded end, rudimentary medullary cavity (in the proximal-extended end of bone), distal extremity small
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| flat bone | flat in two dimensions
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| typical flat bone | bones of skull, intramembranous, lighter weight bone
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| atypical flat bone | scapula, develops from cartilage, no diploe
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| short bone | cubicle in shape, typical short bones, sesamoid bones
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| typical short bones | human wrist and ankle, knee and tarsal, carpels
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| sesamoid | shaped like sesame seeds, bones that form in a tendon, patella
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| functions of short bones | reduce concussion, reduce friction
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| Irregular bone | bones of vertebral column, cervical vertebrae
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| Pneumatic bone | air (air packets/spaces/cavities) birds, excavation in skill (paranasal sinuses)
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| 5 types of bone | long bone, flat bone, short bone, irregular bone, pneumatic bone
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| How many cervical vertebrae do mammals have | 7
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