Internal Anatomy of the Pig
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| brachi- | arm
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| cauda- | tail
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| cervic- | neck
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| corpus | body
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| cyst- | bladder or sac
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| glosso- | tongue
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| gusta- | taste
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| hepa- | liver
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| nas-,rhin- | nose
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| ped,pod | foot
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| pharyngo-,fauci-,laryngo- | throat
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| -plasty | plastic surgery
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| salivary glands | parotid, submaxillary, sublingual
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| parotid salivary glands | located below the ears
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| submaxillary salivary glands | located at the base of the jaw on the medial edge
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| sublingual salivary glands | located on either side, below the tongue
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| saliva contains | mucin, bicarbonate, water, and in many species, salivary amylase
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| mucin | a slippery glycoprotein that functions in lubrication
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| bicarbonate | functions to keep the mout pH near neutrality
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| salivary amylase | an enzyme that breaks down starch to maltose, a disaccharide, initiates starch digestion
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| buccal cavity | the empty space in the mouth
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| hard palate | roof of the mouth with underlying bone
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| soft palate | the softer tissue posterior to the hard palate
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| pharynx | the open space behind teh buccal cavity, begins at the soft palate and ends at the juncture of larynx and esophagus, joint passageway for both food/drink
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| larynx | part of the respiratory tract between the pharynx and trachea, contains the vocal chords
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| thyroid cartilage | forms the anterior wall of the larynx and functions to protect the vocal chords
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| epiglottis | curled inside the opening into the trachea, blocks the larynx during swallowing
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| trachea | transports air from larynx to bronchi, cartilage rings to hold it open for air passage
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| esophagus | parrallels the trachea and is dorsal to it, carries ingested food from the pharynx to the stomach
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| heart | located caudally to the laryns and ventrally to the lungs
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| diaphragm | skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity, which is anterior, from the abdominal cavity, which is posterior, contraction of this increases size of the thoracic cavity
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| liver | posterior to the diaphragm, major metabolic processing unit that maintains levels of nutrients in the blood, secretes bile for digestion
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| gall bladder | stores and excretes biloe
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| stomach | produces hydrochloric acid (HCL) and pepsinogen to begin the initial breakdown of proteins
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| greater omentum | lacey in appearance, part of the immune system, leukocyte production occurs here
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| spleen | largest lymphatic organ in the body (part of the immune system) and thus functions as a site for production of lymphocytes, it removes old, worn red blood cells, recycling the components for other uses in the body
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| pancreas | found in the duodenal loop of the small intestine, (endocrine functions) secretes hormones insulin and glucagon, (exocrine functions) and secretes digestive enzymes, such as the proenzymes typsinogen and chymotripsinogen
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| small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, and ileun
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| duodenum | receives chyme from the stomach, filled with brunner's glands which produce large amounts of bicarbonte to neutralize the highly acidic chyme from the stomach, receives bile from the gall bladder, and enzymes secreted by the pancreas
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| jejunum | longest portion, digestion of protein and carbohydrates is fairly complete here, absorption of momosaccharides, amino acids, calcium, and iron
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| ileum | absorption of water, electrolytes, bile salts, and vitamin b12, connects to the large intestine
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| hepatic portal system | network of blood vessels that collects blood from the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, delivers blood which will be high in absorbed nutrients after a meal, directrly to the liver
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| large intestine | cecum, colon, and rectum
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| cecum | "blind sac", fermentation of residual starch and some cellulose, and absorption of fermentation products and water occur here
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| colon | longest part of the large intestine, fermentation and absorption of residual starch and cellulose
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| rectum | last part of large intestine, formation of characteristic shape of droppings found in many animals
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| anus | external opening of digestive tract
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| kidneys | removal of waste products from blood and regulation of blood volume and body pH
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| urinary bladder | stores urine in mammals
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Created by:
adekkers
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