Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Quiz
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| In general, acidosis is likely to cause the following effects, except | hypercalcemia
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| All of these hormones can affect sodium homeostasis by either increasing or decreasing its reabsorption at the kidney except | ADH
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| The maintenance of homeostasis is least critical for which of the following electrolytes? | phosphates
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| In a normal person who is sedentary during the day, more water would be lost per day through cutaneous transpiration than through sweat. | True
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| Human kidneys do not compensate well for a low fluid intake | True
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| Most of the water within our body is held in the extracellular areas such as the bloodstream | False
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| Fluid is continuously exchanged between compartments through capillary walls and plasma membranes. | True
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| Which of the following estimates of the average amount of water loss is incorrect? | breath—30 ml/day
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| Cutaneous transpiration is also called sweat | False
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| Which of the following causes the long-term inhibition of thirst? | blood rehydration
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| Which of the following is least likely to stimulate the thirst center in the hypothalamus? | blood rehydration
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| Renal failure may cause | decreased blood osmolarity
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| The most common form of fluid sequestration is | edema..
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| A deficiency of potassium is called | hypokalemia.
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| The primary effects of aldosterone on the kidney are that the urine contains less NaCl, more potassium, and has a lower pH. | True
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| Which hormone mimics the effect of aldosterone and causes women to retain water during pregnancy and certain phases of the menstrual cycle? | estrogen
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| Which of the following would not stimulate aldosterone release? | hypernatremia
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| Hyperkalemia causes nerve and muscle cells to be partially depolarized and can produce cardiac arrest. | True
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| Because cells require a high cytoplasmic concentration of phosphate ions, they must maintain a very low intracellular calcium concentration to prevent crystal formation. | True
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| Hypocalcemia causes decreased sodium permeability of the plasma membrane and muscle weakness. | False
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| Homeostasis maintains a normal blood and tissue fluid pH of 7.35 to 7.45. | True
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| The physiological buffer system is faster and more powerful than the chemical buffer system. | False
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| The bicarbonate buffer system neutralizes acid, but is not effective on strong bases. | True
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| Which buffer system accounts for three-quarters of all the chemical buffering of the body fluids? | The protein buffer system accounts for three-quarters of all of the chemical buffering of the body fluids.
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| The kidneys can neutralize more acids or bases than either the respiratory system or the chemical buffers. | (blank)
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| Which of the following is true? | Respiratory alkalosis results from an alveolar ventilation rate that is below the body's rate of CO2 production
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| Urine usually has a pH of | 5 to 6.
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| The use of 0.9% saline may cause all of the following problems except | The skeleton is unaffected by the administration of normal saline, but all the rest are possible.
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| Hyperalimentation means a patient is being provided with complete I.V. nutritional support, including an amino acid mixture, vitamins, electrolytes, glucose, and, on alternate days, a fat emulsion. | True
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| This hormone, produced by the hypothalamus, will stimulate the collecting ducts and the distal convoluted tubules to retain more water: | ADH
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| Hypovolemia can be caused by all of the following except | aldosterone hypersecretion
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| Edema can result from all of these conditions except: | increased exercise
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| Which condition would be most likely to stimulate aldosterone secretion? | hyponatremia
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| This condition can cause hypokalemia: | Addison disease
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| Deficiency of this mineral is a cause of tetany: | calcium
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| All of these mechanisms can directly help to maintain pH homeostasis except: | B) phosphate buffers
C) pulmonary ventilation
D) tubular secretion
E) bicarbonate system
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| This condition may be caused by hyperventilation | respiratory alkalosis
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| Hyperkalemia can be caused by: | too little aldosterone
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| This hormone promotes phosphate excretion | parathyroid hormone
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