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AP II Saladin
Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In general, acidosis is likely to cause the following effects, except | hypercalcemia |
| All of these hormones can affect sodium homeostasis by either increasing or decreasing its reabsorption at the kidney except | ADH |
| The maintenance of homeostasis is least critical for which of the following electrolytes? | phosphates |
| In a normal person who is sedentary during the day, more water would be lost per day through cutaneous transpiration than through sweat. | True |
| Human kidneys do not compensate well for a low fluid intake | True |
| Most of the water within our body is held in the extracellular areas such as the bloodstream | False |
| Fluid is continuously exchanged between compartments through capillary walls and plasma membranes. | True |
| Which of the following estimates of the average amount of water loss is incorrect? | breath—30 ml/day |
| Cutaneous transpiration is also called sweat | False |
| Which of the following causes the long-term inhibition of thirst? | blood rehydration |
| Which of the following is least likely to stimulate the thirst center in the hypothalamus? | blood rehydration |
| Renal failure may cause | decreased blood osmolarity |
| The most common form of fluid sequestration is | edema.. |
| A deficiency of potassium is called | hypokalemia. |
| The primary effects of aldosterone on the kidney are that the urine contains less NaCl, more potassium, and has a lower pH. | True |
| Which hormone mimics the effect of aldosterone and causes women to retain water during pregnancy and certain phases of the menstrual cycle? | estrogen |
| Which of the following would not stimulate aldosterone release? | hypernatremia |
| Hyperkalemia causes nerve and muscle cells to be partially depolarized and can produce cardiac arrest. | True |
| Because cells require a high cytoplasmic concentration of phosphate ions, they must maintain a very low intracellular calcium concentration to prevent crystal formation. | True |
| Hypocalcemia causes decreased sodium permeability of the plasma membrane and muscle weakness. | False |
| Homeostasis maintains a normal blood and tissue fluid pH of 7.35 to 7.45. | True |
| The physiological buffer system is faster and more powerful than the chemical buffer system. | False |
| The bicarbonate buffer system neutralizes acid, but is not effective on strong bases. | True |
| Which buffer system accounts for three-quarters of all the chemical buffering of the body fluids? | The protein buffer system accounts for three-quarters of all of the chemical buffering of the body fluids. |
| The kidneys can neutralize more acids or bases than either the respiratory system or the chemical buffers. | (blank) |
| Which of the following is true? | Respiratory alkalosis results from an alveolar ventilation rate that is below the body's rate of CO2 production |
| Urine usually has a pH of | 5 to 6. |
| The use of 0.9% saline may cause all of the following problems except | The skeleton is unaffected by the administration of normal saline, but all the rest are possible. |
| Hyperalimentation means a patient is being provided with complete I.V. nutritional support, including an amino acid mixture, vitamins, electrolytes, glucose, and, on alternate days, a fat emulsion. | True |
| This hormone, produced by the hypothalamus, will stimulate the collecting ducts and the distal convoluted tubules to retain more water: | ADH |
| Hypovolemia can be caused by all of the following except | aldosterone hypersecretion |
| Edema can result from all of these conditions except: | increased exercise |
| Which condition would be most likely to stimulate aldosterone secretion? | hyponatremia |
| This condition can cause hypokalemia: | Addison disease |
| Deficiency of this mineral is a cause of tetany: | calcium |
| All of these mechanisms can directly help to maintain pH homeostasis except: | B) phosphate buffers C) pulmonary ventilation D) tubular secretion E) bicarbonate system |
| This condition may be caused by hyperventilation | respiratory alkalosis |
| Hyperkalemia can be caused by: | too little aldosterone |
| This hormone promotes phosphate excretion | parathyroid hormone |
Created by:
littlemina74
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