NWCC Winter 2011 Anatomy Quiz 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are the four muscles of the posterior thigh compartment? | Semitendinosus; Semimembranosus; Biceps Femoris (Long and Short Head); Popliteus
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| The Semitendinosus muscle is in the ___ portion of the posterior thigh. | Medial
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| Semitendinosus is medial to what muscle? | Biceps Femoris
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| What is the origin of the Semitendinosus muscle? | Ischial Tuberosity
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| What is the insertion of the Semitendinosus muscle? | Anterior Proximal Tibial Shaft
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| The functions of the Semitendinosus are ____ of the femur; ___ of the knee; ___ rotation of the tibia when the knee is flexed. | Extension; flexion; medial.
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| What nerve innervates the Semitendinosus muscle? | Sciatic - Tibial division
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| The Semimembranosus muscle is deep to what muscle? | Semitendinosus
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| Semimembranosus lies in the ___ portion of the posterior thigh. | Medial
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| What is the origin of the Semimembranosus muscle? | Ischial Tuberosity
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| What is the insertion of the Semimembranosus muscle? | Posterior Medial Condyle of the Tibia
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| The functions of the Semimembranosus are ____ of the femur; ___ of the knee; ___ rotation of the tibia when the knee is flexed. | Extension; flexion; medial.
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| What nerve innervates Semimembranosus? | Sciatic - Tibial division
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| The Biceps Femoris has two heads; what are they? Which is more superficial? | Long Head and Short Head. Long head.
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| Biceps femoris-long head originates where? | Ischial Tuberosity
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| Where are insertions of biceps femoris-long head | Lateral head of the Fibula; Lateral Condyle of the Tibia
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| The actions of biceps femoris-long head are ___ of the knee; ___ rotation of the tibia when the knee is ____; and ____ of the femur. | Flexion; Lateral; flexed; Extension.
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| What nerve innervates biceps femoris-long head? | Sciatic - Tibial division
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| Where is the origin of the Short Head of the Biceps Femoris? | Linea Aspera of the Femur
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| Where is the insertion of the short head of the Biceps Femoris? | Lateral head of the Fibula; Lateral Condyle of the Tibia
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| The action of the short head of the biceps femoris is ____ of the knee; and ___ rotation of Tibia when the knee is ____. | Flexion; lateral; flexed.
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| The innervation of biceps femoris-short head is what? | Sciatic - Fibular division
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| The Popliteus muscle is on the posterior ____ thigh. | Inferior
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| The origin of the Popliteus muscle is where? | Lateral Condyle of the Femur
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| The insertion of the Popliteus muscle is where? | Posterior Proximal Tibial Shaft
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| The Popliteus muscle is involved in ___ rotation of the femur to 'unlock' the ____ knee to initiate knee _____. It also assists in ____ rotation of the tibia when the knee is ____." | Lateral; extended; flexion. Medial; flexed.
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| What innervates the popliteus? | Tibial Nerve
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| Sciatic nerve divides into what two branches? | Tibial Nerve; Common Fibular.
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| The Common Fibular Nerve eventually divides into what two branches? | Superficial Common Fibular; Deep Fibular
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| The Femoral Artery goes through the Adductor ___ and it becomes the ____ . It then splits deep to the ____ muscle into the Anterior and Posterior ____ . The Posterior ____ artery then branches off into the ____. | Hiatus; Popliteus Artery. Soleal; Tibial Artery. Tibial; Fibular Artery.
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| What are the 6 muscles in the Posterior Leg? | Gastrocnemius; Plantaris; Soleus; Tibialis Posterior; Flexor Digitorum Longus; Flexor Hallucis Longus
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| The Gastrocnemius muscle has what two heads? | Medial and Lateral
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| Gastrocnemius is the most ___ muscle of the posterior leg. | Superficial
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| What is directly below the Gastrocnemius muscle? | Soleus
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| Where is the origin of the Medial head of the Gastrocnemius? | Medial Epicondyle of the Femur
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| Where is the origin of the lateral head of the Gastrocnemius? | Lateral Epicondyle of the Femur
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| Where is the insertion of both heads of gastrocnemius? | Calcaneus via the Calcaneal tendon
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| What is another name for the Calcaneal tendon? | Tendo Achilles
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| The action of the Gastrocnemius is _____ of the ankle and assists ____ of the knee. | Plantarflexion; Flexion
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| The innervation of the Gastrocnemius is what? | Tibial Nerve
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| The Soleus muscle is deep to what muscle? It is superficial to what three muscles? | Gastrocnemius. Flexor Hallucis Longus; Flexor Digitorum Longus; Tibialis Posterior Muscle
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| What are the 3 origins of the Soleus muscle? | The soleal line of the Tibia; Posterior Head of the Fibula; Upper Shaft of the Fibula
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| The insertion of the Soleus is where? | Calcaneus via the Calcaneal Tendon
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| What innervates the soleus? | Tibial Nerve.
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| What are the actions of the soleus? | Plantarflexion of the ankle
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| The Plantaris muscle originates where? | Lateral Epicondyle of the Femur
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| Plantaris inserts where? | Calcaneus via the Calcaneal Tendon.
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| Plantaris assists ___ of the ankle and ____ of the knee. | Plantarflexion; flexion
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| What innervates plantaris? | Tibial Nerve
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| What 3 muscles attach to the Calcaneal Tendon? | Gastrocnemius; Soleus; Plantaris
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| What are the origins of the Tibialis Posterior muscle? | Posterior Tibia; Posterior Fibula; Interosseous Membrane
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| What are the two insertions for Tibialis Posterior? | Navicular Tarsal Bone; Adjacent tarsals and metatarsals on plantar surface
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| What are the actions of Tibialis Posterior? | Inversion of the foot; assists in Plantarflexion of the ankle
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| What is the nerve that inervates tibialis posterior? | Tibial Nerve
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| What is the origin of the Flexor Digitorum Longus? | The Posterior Tibia
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| What is the insertion for the Flexor Digitorum Longus? | Distal Phalanges of 4 lateral toes (PLANTAR SURFACE)
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| The Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle is involved in the ____ of the 4 lateral toes at the ____ joints. | Flexion; IP
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| Flexor digitorum longus assists____ of 4 lateral toes at ____ joints. | Flexion; MP
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| Flexor digitorum longus also assists ____ of the ankle. | Plantarflexion
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| What innervates flexor digitorum longus? | Tibial Nerve
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| What is the origin of the Flexor Hallucis Longus? | Posterior Fibula
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| What is the insertion of the Flexor Hallucis Longus? | Distal Phalanx of great toe; plantar surface
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| What 3 actions does flexor hallucis longus have? | Flexion of the great toe at MP joint; Flexion of great toe at IP joint; Assists Plantarflexion of ankle.
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| What is the nerve for flexor hallucis longus? | Tibial Nerve
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| What are the 2 muscles of the lower leg lateral compartment? | Fibularis Longus; Fibularis Brevis
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| The origin of the Fibularis Longus is what? | Head and lateral shaft of Fibula (2/3)
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| What is the insertion of the Fibularis Longus? | Base of 1st metatarsal (plantar surface) and medial cuneiform tarsal bone (plantar surface).
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| What is the action of fibularis longus? | Eversion of the foot; assists in plantarflexion of the ankle
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| What is the nerve of fibularis longus? | Superficial Fibular Nerve (L5; S1)
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| The Fibularis Brevis muscle originates where? | Lateral shaft of the fibula
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| The insertion of fibularis brevis is? | Base of the 5th metatarsal (lateral surface)
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| What 2 actions does fibularis brevis have? | Eversion of the foot; Assists Plantarflexion of the ankle
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| What is the nerve of fibularis brevis? | Superfical Fibular N (L5;S1)
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| The most superficial muscle in gluteal region is what muscle? | Gluteus Maximus
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| Immediately deep to gluteus maximus is what muscle? | Gluteus Medius
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| The third deepest muscle that makes up the gluteal group is what muscle? | Gluteus Minimus
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| The 3 origins of the Gluteus Maximus are? | Posterior Sacrum; Ilium (sacrotuberous lig.); Posterior (Superior) Gluteal Line of the Ilium
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| What are the 2 insertions of the Gluteus Maximus? | Gluteal Tuberosity of femur; Iliotibial Tract
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| What are the 2 actions of the Gluteus Maximus? | Extension of the femur; lateral rotation of the extended hip
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| What is the nerve for gluteus maximus? | Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5; S1; S2)
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| What are the 2 origins of the Gluteus Medius muscle? | Iliac Crest; Illium (between superior and anterior gluteal lines)
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| What is the insertion of the Gluteus Medius muscle? | Greater trochanter of the femur
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| What are the 2 actions of the Gluteus Medius? | Abduction of the femur; ANTERIOR FIBERS-medial rotation of femur
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| What is the nerve of gluteus medius? | Superior Gluteal Nerve
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| What is the origin of the Gluteus Minimus? Between what two lines? | Posterior Ilium; between the anterior (middle) and inferior gluteal lines
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| Where is the insertion of gluteus minimus? | Anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
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| What are the 2 actions of gluteus minimus? | Abduction; medial rotation of the femur
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| What is the nerve for gluteus minimus? | Superior Gluteal Nerve
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| The Tensor Fasciae Latae originates where? | Iliac crest-posterior to anterior iliac spine
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| Where does tensor fasciae latae insert? | Iliotibial tract
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| Where does the Iliotibial tract eventually attach? | Lateral condyle of the tibia
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| The actions of the Tensor Fascia Latae are ___ of the femur; ____ of the femur; ____ rotation of the femur; stability of the ___ knee in standing and ambulation; and ___ of the knee. | Flexion; abduction; medial; extended; extension.
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| The nerve of tensor fasciae latae is? | Superior Gluteal Nerve
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| The Quadratus Lumborum originates where? | Iliac Crest of the Ilium (internal lip)
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| What are the two insertions for quadratus lumborum? | Inferior margin of 12th rib; 1-4 Transverse Processes of lumbar vertebrae
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| Actions of quadratus lumborum are lateral ___ of trunk to same side. ____ of pelvis to same side if thorax and vertebral column are fixed. Stabilization of ___ rib during inspiration. | Flexion. Elevation. 12th
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| Quadratus lumborum is innervated by what branches? | T12; L1-L4 spinal nerves
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| L1-L4 spinal nerves are given what specific name? | Ventral Rami
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| How many deep lateral rotators of the femur do we have? | 6
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| Name 6 deep lateral rotators from superior to inferior. | Piriformis; Superior Gemellus; Obturator Internus; Inferior Gemellus; Obturator Externus; Quadratus Femoris
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| The Piriformus muscle originates where? | Pelvic surface of the sacrum
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| Piriformis inserts where? | Greater trochanter of the femur
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| The nerve for piriformis? | Sacral Plexus
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| The actions of piriformis? | Laterally rotate the hip joint; abduction when the hip is flexed
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| The Superior Gemellus originates where? | Spine of the Ischium
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| Superior gemellus inserts where? | Greater trochanter of the femur
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| What is the nerve of superior gemellus? | Sacral Plexus
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| What are the actions of superior gemellus? | Laterally rotate the hip joint; Abduction when the hip is flexed
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| The Obturator Internus lies between what two muscles? | Superior and Inferior Gemellus
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| Obturator internus originates at what two places? | Interal or pelvic surface of the obturator membrane; margin of the obturator foramen.
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| Obturator internus inserts where? | Greater trochanter of the femur
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| What is the nerve for obturator internus? | Sacral Plexus
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| What are the actions of obturator internus? | Laterally rotate the hip joint; abduction when the hip is flexed
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| The inferior Gemellus orginates where? | Ischial Tuberosity
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| Inferior gemellus inserts where? | Greater Trochanter of the femur
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| The nerve of inferior gemellus? | Sacral Plexus
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| What are the actions of inferior gemellus? | Laterally rotate the hip joint; abduction when the knee is flexed
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| The Obturator Externus originates at what two places? | Rami of pubis and ischium; external surface of the obturator membrane
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| Obturator externus inserts where? | Greater trochanter of the femur
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| What innervates obturator externus? | Obturator Nerve
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| What are the actions of obturator externus? | Lateral rotate the hip joint; ADDUCTION of hip joint
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| The Quadratus Femoris originates where? | Ischial Tuberosity
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| Quadratus femoris inserts where? | Quadrate Line
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| What innervates quadratus femoris? | Sacral Plexus;
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| What are the actions of quadratus femoris? | Laterally rotate the hip joint; adduction of the hip joint
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| The Sacrotuberous ligament is situated at the lower and back part of the ___. | Pelvis
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| It runs from the ___ to the ___. | Sacrum; Ischial Tuberosity
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| The Pes Anserinous is the insertion of 3 tendons from 3 muscles onto the ____ surface of the proximal tibia. What 3 muscles? | Anteromedial. Sartorius; Gracilis; SemiTendinosus.
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| The ___ muscle is the longest muscle in the body. | Sartorius
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| The origin of sartorius is where? | Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
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| The insertion of sartorius is where? | Upper medial shaft of the tibia
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| Sartorius assists ____ of femur; ____ of the femur; ___ rotation of the femur; ___ of the knee and assists ___ rotation of the tibia when the knee is ____ and foot is unweighted. | Flexion; abduction; lateral; flexion; medial; flexed
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| Sartorius is innervated by what nerve? | Femoral Nerve
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| The Quadriceps Femoris is made up of what 4 muscles? | Rectus Femoris; Vastus Medialis; Vastus Intermedius; Vastus Lateralis.
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| The common action for the quadriceps femoris muscles is what? | Extension of the knee
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| The Rectus Femoris is the most ____. It crosses both the ____ joint and the ___ joint. It is involved in ____ (action). | Superficial. Knee joint and hip joint. Walking.
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| The origins of rectus femoris are the anterior ____ iliac spine and the ilium at the upper rim of the ____. | Inferior; acetabulum.
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| The insertions of rectus femoris are what two things? | Patella and Tibial Tuberosity (via the Patellar ligament).
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| The two actions of rectus femoris are? | Extension of the knee; assists in flexion of the femur.
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| The nerve for rectus femoris? | Femoral Nerve
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| The Vastus Medialis is medial to the ______. | Rectus Femoris.
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| Vastus medialis originates at what two places? | Linea Aspera and Intertrochanteric line of the femur
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| Vastus medialis inserts at what two places? | Patella; Tibial Tuberosity via the Patellar Ligament
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| What is the action of vastus medialis? | Extension of the knee
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| What is the nerve for vastus medialis? | Femoral Nerve.
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| The Vastus ___ is deep to the Rectus Femoris and between the Vastus Medialis and Vastus ___. | Intermedius. Lateralis.
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| Vastus intermedius originates where? | Anterior and lateral femoral shaft.
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| Vastus intermedius inserts at what two places? | Patella and Tibial Tuberosity via the Patellar Ligament.
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| Vastus intermedius' action is what? | Extension of the knee
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| What innervates vastus intermedius? | Femoral Nerve.
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| The Vastus Lateralis originates at what two places? | Linea Aspera of the femur and Greater Trochanter of the femur.
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| Vastus lateralis inserts at what two places? | Patella and Tibial Tuberosity via the Patellar Ligament
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| Vastus lateralis' action is what? | Extension of the knee
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| The nerve of vastus lateralis? | Femoral Nerve.
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| The iliopsas is made up of what two muscles? | Psoas Major and the Iliacus
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| The Psoas Major originates at what transverse processes? At what vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs? | Lumbar 1-5. T12-L5.
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| Psoas major inserts where? | Lesser trochanter of the femur
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| The actions of the Psoas Major are ___ of the femur; ___ of the trunk at the lumbar spine; and assists ____ flexion of the trunk at the Lumbar spine. | Flexion. Flexion. Lateral.
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| The nerves of psoas major? | L2 L3 spinal nerves.
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| The Iliacus originates where? | Iliac fossa of the Ilium.
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| Iliacus inserts where? | Lesser trochanter of the femur
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| The action of iliacus? | Flexion of the femur
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| Iliacus is innervated by what? | Femoral Nerve
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| The Pectineus muscle is medial to the ____ and lateral to the ______. | Iliopsoas. Adductor Longus.
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| Pectineus originates at the ___ ramus of the ____ pubis. | Superior; Anterior
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| Pectineus inserts where? | Pectineal line of the femur
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| The actions of pectineus are ___ of the femur; ____ of the femur; ___ rotation of the femur. | Flexion; adduction; medial
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| The nerve for pectineus? | Femoral N
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| The _________ muscle is not found in everyone. | Psoas Minor
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| Psoas minor originates where? | 12th thoracic vertebra
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| Psoas minor inserts where? | Pelvic Rim
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| The nerve of psoas minor? | L1 spinal nerve
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| What are the 4 muscles of the medial thigh? | Gracilus; Adductor Longus; Adductor Brevis; Adductor Magnus.
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| The Gracilus originates at the ___ ramus of the anterior ___. | Inferior; pubis.
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| Gracilus inserts where? | Medial proximal tibia
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| Actions of gracilus are ___ of the femur; assists ___ of the knee; and ____ rotation of the tibia when the knee is flexed. | Adduction; flexion; medial.
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| The nerve for gracilus? | Obturator Nerve
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| Gracilus is the only ___ muscle to cross both the ___ and ___ joints. | Adductor. Knee and hip.
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| The Adductor Longus originates where? | Anterior Pubis
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| Adductor longus inserts where? | Linea Aspera of the Femur
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| Actions of adductor longus are ____ of the femur; and assists in ___ of the femur. | Adduction; Flexion.
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| Adductor longus is innervated by? | Obturator N
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| The Adductor Brevis originates where? | Anterior pubis (body and inferior ramus).
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| Adductor brevis inserts at what two places? | Linea Aspera and Pectineal Line of femur
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| Adductor brevis has what two actions? | Adduction of femur; Flexion.
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| What is the nerve for adductor brevis? | Obturator
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| The Adductor Magnus has what two heads? | Anterior Head and Posterior Head
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| The anterior head of adductor magnus originates where? | Inferior ramus of the pubis
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| Adductor magnus-anterior head inserts where? | Linea aspera of the femur
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| Adductor magnus-anterior head assists what 3 motions? | Flexion and medial rotation of femur. Adduction of femur.
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| Adductor magnus-anterior head is innervated by what nerve? | Obturator N
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| The adductor magnus-posterior head originates at what two places? | Ischial Tuberosity and Ramus of Ischium
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| Adductor magnus-posterior head insertion is where? | Adductor tubercle of femur
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| What 3 actions are associated with adductor magnus-posterior head? | Extension of femur; lateral rotation of femur. Adduction.
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| The nerve for adductor magnus-posterior head? | Sciatic N
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| What are the four muscles of the anterior leg? | Tibialis Anterior; Fibularis Tertius; Extensor Digitorum Longus; Extensor Hallucis Longus
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| The common action for all 4 muscles of the anterior leg is what? | Dorsiflexion of the foot
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| The common nerve for all four muscles of the anterior leg is what? | Deep Fibular Nerve
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| The Tibialis Anterior muscle originates at what three places? | Lateral condyle of the tibia; Lateral shaft of the tibia; Interosseus membrane
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| Tibialis anterior inserts at what two places? | Base of the first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform (on plantar side)
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| What muscles insert at the base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform (on plantar side)? | Tibialis posterior and Tibialis anterior
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| What are the two actions for Tibialis anterior? | Inversion of the foot and Dorsiflexion of the ankle
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| What is the nerve for Tibialis anterior? | Deep Fibular Nerve
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| The Fibularis Tertius originates where? | Distal Anterior Fibula
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| Fibularis Tertius inserts where? | Base of the 5th metatarsal on the lateral side
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| What muscles insert at base of the 5th metatarsal on the lateral side? | Fibularis Tertius and Fibularis Brevis
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| What are the two actions of Fibularis Tertius and Fibularis Brevis? | Eversion of the foot; Dorsiflexion of the ankle
🗑
|
||||
| What is the nerve of Fibularis Tertius and Fibularis Brevis? | Deep Fibular Nerve
🗑
|
||||
| The Extensor Digitorum Longus originates at what two places? | Lateral condyl of the tibia; proximal 2/3 of anterior fibular shaft
🗑
|
||||
| Extensor Digitorum Longus inserts where? | Middle and distal phalanges of the 4 lateral toes
🗑
|
||||
| Extensor Digitorum Longus actions are what? | Dorsiflexion of the ankle; extension of the 4 lateral toes at the MP joints
🗑
|
||||
| The nerve for Extensor Digitorum Longus? | Deep Fibular Nerve
🗑
|
||||
| The Extensor Hallucis Longus originates at what two places? | Anterior shaft of the fibula; Interosseus Membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Extensor Hallucis Longus inserts where? | Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
🗑
|
||||
| Extensor Hallucis Longus actions are what? | Dorsiflexion of the ankle; extension of the great toe at the IP and MP joints
🗑
|
||||
| The nerve for Extensor Hallucis Longus? | Deep Fibular Nerve
🗑
|
||||
| Rectus abdominus originates at what 2 places? | Pubic Symphysis and Pubic Crest
🗑
|
||||
| Rectus abdominus inserts where? | Ribs 5-7 costal cartilages and Xiphoid Process
🗑
|
||||
| The actions of Rectus Abdominus are ___ of the trunk; and compression and support of abdominal ___. | Flexion; Viscera.
🗑
|
||||
| The nerve for Rectus Abdominus? | Thoracoabdominal nerves T7-11
🗑
|
||||
| The External oblique's originate where? | Ribs (5-12)
🗑
|
||||
| External oblique's insert at what three places? | Linea Alba; Pubis; Anterior Iliac Crest.
🗑
|
||||
| The actions for External oblique's bilaterally are ___ of the trunk and compression and support of _______. | Flexion; abdominal viscera
🗑
|
||||
| Unilaterally; External oblique's actions are ___ flexion of trunk and ____ of trunk to opposite side. | Lateral; rotation.
🗑
|
||||
| The nerves for External obliques? | Thoracoabdominal nerves (7-11) and subcostal nerve T12.
🗑
|
||||
| The internal oblique's originate on the ___ ligament; ____ iliac crest; and thoracocolumbar ____. | Inguinal; Anterior; Aponeurosis
🗑
|
||||
| Internal oblique's insert at the lower ___ ribs (# ___ thru ___); abdominal ____; and the Linea ____. | 4 (9-12); aponeurosis; Alba.
🗑
|
||||
| Actions bilaterally for internal obliques are ____ of trunk; compression and support of the abdominal viscera. | Flexion.
🗑
|
||||
| Unilaterally; internal oblique's actions are ____ flexion of trunk and ____ of trunk to SAME side. | Lateral. Rotation.
🗑
|
||||
| The nerves for internal obliques? | Thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T12; L1.
🗑
|
||||
| The Transverse abdominus originate on the ___ ligament; the ___ crest; the ____ aponeurosis and ribs ___ thru ___. | Inguinal; iliac; thoracolumbar; 7 thru 12.
🗑
|
||||
| Transverse abdominus inserts on the ___ aponeurosis; the ___ alba; and the ____. | Abdominal. Linea. Pubis.
🗑
|
||||
| Action of Transverse abdominus? | Compression and support of the abdominal viscera.
🗑
|
||||
| Nerves for Transverse abdominus? | Thoracoabdominal nerves T7-12 and L1.
🗑
|
||||
| The longest muscle in the body is what? | Sartorius
🗑
|
||||
| What is the most superficial muscle of the thigh? | Sartorius
🗑
|
||||
| What is the strongest hip flexor? | Iliopsoas
🗑
|
||||
| What muscle of the quadriceps femoris is the only one to originate on the pelvis and cross both the hip and knee joint? | Rectus Femoris
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the three vastus muscles is the largest? | Vastus Lateralis
🗑
|
||||
| What is the only hip adductor that is supplied by the femoral nerve? | Pectineus
🗑
|
||||
| Of the adductor group; what is the largest; deepest; and most powerful of the group? | Adductor Magnus
🗑
|
||||
| The Gluteus Maximus muscle is mostly used for what? | Power
🗑
|
||||
| Which muscle prevents controlateral hip drop while walking? | Gluteus Medius
🗑
|
||||
| The arrangement of the hamstrings at the distal end of the thigh from lateral to medial is what? | Biceps Femoris; Semitendinosus; Semimembranosus
🗑
|
||||
| Which muscle is the strongest of the dorsiflexors? | Tibialis Anterior
🗑
|
||||
| Shin splits result from overuse of what muscle? | Tibialis Anterior
🗑
|
||||
| What muscle raises the heel during running and jumping? | Gastrocnemius
🗑
|
||||
| Triceps Surae refer to what muscles? | Gastrocnemius and Soleus
🗑
|
||||
| What are the muscle, artery, and nerve components around the lateral malleolus? | Tibialis Posterior; Flexor Digitorum Longus; Posterior Tibial ARTERY; Tibial NERVE; Flexor Hallucis Longus
🗑
|
||||
| What is the deepest muscle of the posterior leg? | Tibialis Posterior
🗑
|
||||
| The Plantaris muscle lies between what two muscles? | Gastrocnemius and Soleus
🗑
|
||||
| Plantaris is ____ on the posterior knee | Superficial
🗑
|
||||
| What is the deepest muscle on the posterior knee joint? | Popliteus
🗑
|
||||
| Popliteus is the key that _____ the knee joint. | UNLOCKS
🗑
|
||||
| How many layers of muscles are in the foot? | 4
🗑
|
||||
| What muscles are in the first layer of the foot? | Abductor Hallucis; Flexor Digitorum Brevis; Abductor Digiti Minimi
🗑
|
||||
| What muscles are in the 2nd layer of the foot? | Lumbricals; Quadratus Plantae
🗑
|
||||
| What muscles are in the 3rd layer of the foot? | Flexor Hallucis Brevis; Adductor Hallucis; Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
🗑
|
||||
| What muscles are in the 4th layer of the foot? | Dorsal Interossei (4 of them)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 8 flexors of the femur? | Psoas Major/Iliacus; Pectineus; Tensor of Fasciae Latae; Adductor Brevis; Adductor Longus; Adductor Magnus (Anterior Head); Rectus Femoris; Sartorius
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 5 extensors of the femur? | Gluteus Maximus; Biceps Femoris (long head); Semitendinosus; Semimembranosus; Adductor Magnus (posterior head)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the adductors of the femur? | Adductor Brevis; Adductor Longus; Adductor Magnus; Gracilus; Pectineus
🗑
|
||||
| What are the abductors of the femur? | Gluteus Medius; Gluteus Minimus; Tensor of Fascia Latae; Sartorius
🗑
|
||||
| Lateral Rotators of the Femur? | Piriformis; Superior Gemellus; Obturator Internus; Inferior Gemeullus; Obturator Externus; Quadratus Femoris; Gluteus Maximus; Sartorius; Adductor Magnus (posterior head)
🗑
|
||||
| Medial rotators of the femur? | Gluteus Medius (anterior fibers); Gluteus Minimus; Tensor of Fascia Latae; Adductor Magnus (anterior head); Adductor Longus; Pecinteus
🗑
|
||||
| Flexors of the knee? | Biceps Femoris; Semitendinosus; Semimembranosus; Sartorius; Gracilus; Gastrocnemius; Plantaris; Popliteus
🗑
|
||||
| Extensors of the knee? | Vastus lateralis; Vastus intermedius; Vastus lateralis; Rectus femoris; Tensor of fasciae latae
🗑
|
||||
| Medial rotators of the knee; rotates tibia when knee is flexed. | Semitendinosus; Semimembranosus; Popliteus; Gracilius; Sartorius
🗑
|
||||
| Lateral rotators of the knee; rotates femur when knee is extended. | Popliteus
🗑
|
||||
| Lateral rotators of the knee; rotates tibia when knee is flexed | Biceps Femoris
🗑
|
||||
| Dorsiflexors of the ankle? | Tibialis Anterior; Extensor Digitorum Longus; Extensor Hallucis Longus; Fibularis Tertius
🗑
|
||||
| Plantarflexors of the ankle? | Gastrocnemius; Plantaris; Soleus; Tibialis Posterior; Flexor Digitorum Longus; Flexor Hallucis longus; Fibularis Longus; Fibularis Brevis
🗑
|
||||
| Invertors of the foot? | Tibialis Anterior; Tibialis Posterior
🗑
|
||||
| Evertors of the foot? | Fibularis Longus; Fibularis Brevis; Fibularis Tertius
🗑
|
||||
| The Femoral nerve has what specific branches? | L2; L3; L4
🗑
|
||||
| The femoral nerve passes through the ___ ____ muscle; then runs deep to the ____ ligament and just lateral to the ___ artery. | Adductor Magnus; Inguinal Ligament; Femoral Artery
🗑
|
||||
| After entering the thigh; the femoral nerve sprays out into its distributing branches; how many groups of branches? | 3
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 3 different groups of femoral nerve distributions? | Muscular Branches; Cutaenous Branches; Articular Branches
🗑
|
||||
| The Muscular Branches of the femoral nerve go to the ___ within the abdomen and to the ____ compartment of the thigh; what muscles specifically? | Iliacus; anterior. Quadriceps Femoris; Pectineus; Sartorius.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 3 Cuteaneous branches of the femoral nerve? | Medial cutaneous nerves; intermediate cutaneous nerves; saphenous nerve
🗑
|
||||
| The medial and intermediate cutaneous nerves of the thigh go to the ____ of the anterior thigh. | Skin
🗑
|
||||
| The Saphenous nerve passes through the ____ ____ to supply the skin of the ___ leg; ankle; and foot to the great ____. | Adductor canal; medial; toe.
🗑
|
||||
| The Articular branches go to what joints? | Knee and hip joints
🗑
|
||||
| The Obturator nerve has what specific branches? | L2; L3; L4
🗑
|
||||
| The obturator nerve emerges from the medial border of the ___ ___ muscle. It then passes inferiorly and anteriorly (deep to the internal ____ vessels) and enters the ___ ____. | Psoas Major. (Iliac). Obturator Foramen.
🗑
|
||||
| Obturator nerve passes through the foramen along with the ____ vessels to supply the ___ thigh. Here; it divides into an anterior branch (anterior to the ___ ____) and a posterior branch (poster to the ___ ____). | Obturator. Medial. Adductor Brevis. Adductor Brevis.
🗑
|
||||
| The muscular branches of the obturator nerve innervate the ___ compartment of the thigh muscles; which are what specific muscles? | Medial; adductors; obturator externus; gracilis.
🗑
|
||||
| The cutaneous branches of the obturator nerve supply the ____ of the ___ thigh. | Skin; medial.
🗑
|
||||
| The articular branches supply the __ and ____ joints. | Knee and hip joints.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the specific branches of the Sciatic Nerve? | L4 L5 S1 S2 S3
🗑
|
||||
| Sciatic nerve is the ___ nerve of the body. | Largest
🗑
|
||||
| Proximally; sciatic nerve is flat and ____. Distally; it becomes ____. | Wide. Round.
🗑
|
||||
| Sciatic nerve emerges from the greater ____ foramen; which is inferior to the ____ and deep to the ___ ____. | Sciatic. Piriformis. Gluteus Maximus.
🗑
|
||||
| Sciatic nerve crosses the posterior surface of the _____; tendon of the obturator ____; and quadratus femoris muscles. It then descends on the ___ ____ muscle. As it passes downward; it lies deep to the ___ muscles. | Gemelli. Internus. Adductor Magnus. Hamstrings.
🗑
|
||||
| The sciatic nerve has two divisions; what are they? | Tibial and Common Fibular Nerve.
🗑
|
||||
| Usually; visible separation of tibial and common fibular nerve occur ___ ; but it may vary anywhere from the ____ area to mid-thigh. | Mid-thigh. Gluteal.
🗑
|
||||
| The distribution of the sciatic nerve is to the ___ compartment of the thigh muscles or ___ muscles; and adductor ____. | Posterior. Hamstring. Magnus.
🗑
|
||||
| All the muscular branches of the sciatic nerve except the one to the ____ head of the biceps femoris arise from the ____ division of the sciatic nerve. The short head is supplied by the ___ ____ division. | Short. Tibial. Common Fibular.
🗑
|
||||
| All the muscular branches except the ___ head originate from the ___ side of the nerve; so its ___ side is the side of least risk in penetrating wounds to the thigh. | Short. Medial. Lateral.
🗑
|
||||
| Penetrating ___ thigh wounds may easily injure the sciatic nerve. Since the nerve travels just posterior to the ____; it is vulnerable to injury from a ___ dislocation of the hip resulting from a posterior lip fracture of the ____. | Posterior. Acetabulum. Posterior. Acetabulum.
🗑
|
||||
| The specific branches of the Tibial nerve are what? | L4 L5 S1 S2 S3
🗑
|
||||
| The Tibial nerve is the ____ of the branches from the Sciatic nerve. As it travels through the ___ fossa; it lies just ___ to the popliteal artery and vein. | Largest. Popliteal. Posterior.
🗑
|
||||
| The tibial nerve descends immediately deep to the ___ muscle along with the ____ tibial vessels; passes with them behind the ____ malleolus; and ends by dividing within the ___ foot into the ___ and ___ plantar nerves. | Soleus. Posterior. Medial. Plantar. Medial and Lateral.
🗑
|
||||
| The muscular branches within the popliteal fossa go to the ____ compartment leg muscles; what four muscles? | Posterior; Popliteus; Gastrocnemius; Soleus; Plantaris.
🗑
|
||||
| The cutaneous branch of the tibial nerve is called the ___ nerve. This passes down the ___; posterior to the ___ malleolus; then to the ___ toe. Thus the nerve innervates ___ of the lateral side of the leg; foot; and fifth toe. Within the ___ fossa; it re | Sural. Calf. Lateral. 5th. Skin. Popliteal. Communicating. Fibular.
🗑
|
||||
| The articular branches supply the ___ joint. | Knee.
🗑
|
||||
| The tibial nerve supplies 3 additional posterior leg compartment muscles; what are they? | Tibialis Posterior; Flexor Hallucis Longus; Flexor Digitorum Longus.
🗑
|
||||
| Plantar ___ and intrinsic plantar ___ muscles are supplied by its terminal branches: the medial ___ nerve and the lateral ___ nerve. | Skin. Foot. Plantar. Plantar.
🗑
|
||||
| The common fibular nerve has what specific branches? | L4 L5 S1 S2
🗑
|
||||
| The common fibular nerve is ____ than the tibial nerve branch of the sciatic nerve. The common fibular nerve passes downward from the sciatic nerve through the upper part of the ___ ____; just medial to the tendon of the ___ ____. | Smaller.Popliteal Fossa. Biceps Femoris.
🗑
|
||||
| It then travels around the neck of the ____ and into the ___ ____ muscle. Here it ends by dividing into its terminal branches; the ____ and _____ ____ nerve within the ___ ___ muscle. | Fibula. Fibularis Longus. Deep and Superficial Fibular. Fibularis Longus.
🗑
|
||||
| In the ___ fossa; the common fibular nerve gives off the lateral ___ ___ nerve to the skin of the upper lateral calf. It gives the ___ communicating branch to the ___ nerve and ____ branches to the knee joint. | Popliteal. Sural cutaneous. Sural. Sural. Articular.
🗑
|
||||
| The ___ fibular nerve passes into the ___ compartment of the leg; deep to the ___ ____ ___ muscle. It then descends along with the ___ ___ vessels on the anterior surface of the ____ membrane and ankle. | Deep. Anterior. Extensor Digitorum Longus. Anterior Tibial. Interosseus.
🗑
|
||||
| The muscular branches of the deep fibular nerve go to the muscles of the ___ leg; what are they? (5). | Anterior. Tibialis Anterior; Extensor Hallucis Longus; extensor Digitorum Longus; Fibularis Tertius; Extensor Digitorum Brevis.
🗑
|
||||
| The cutaneous branches go to the skin web where? | Between 1st and 2nd toes.
🗑
|
||||
| The superficial fibular nerve descends in the ____ compartment of the leg. | Lateral.
🗑
|
||||
| The muscular branches supply what muscles? | Fibularis Longus and Fibularis Brevis.
🗑
|
||||
| The cutaneous branches go to the skin of lower ____ of the lateral ____ leg and to the ___ of the foot. | 2/3; anterior; dorsum.
🗑
|
||||
| The common fibular nerve is exposed to possible injury as it passes around where? | Neck of the Fibula.
🗑
|
||||
| The common fibular nerve is vulnerable to ____ injuries of the knee or pressure from a leg cast or tight bandage. | Pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Signs of injury to the common fibular nerve are ____ of the foot caused by paralysis of ____ compartments that evert the foot and ___ ____ due to paralysis of anterior compartment muscles that dorsiflex the foot. | Inversion. Lateral. Foot drop.
🗑
|
||||
| There is skin ____ of the lateral and anterior leg and the ___ of the foot. However; because the skin of the medial leg is suppled by the ____ branch of the femoral nerve; it is ____ affected. | Anesthesia. Dorsum. Saphenous. NOT.
🗑
|
||||
| An Anastomosis is an area where there is ____ circulation; which means there is more than one route available to do what? | Collateral; to get blood to an area
🗑
|
||||
| 3 places in the body where anastomoses are lacking; what are they? | Body; Brain; Kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| The Aorta branches into the ___ iliac at what vertebra? | Common; L4
🗑
|
||||
| The common iliac branches into what two branches? | External and Internal
🗑
|
||||
| The internal iliac supplies what cavity? | The Pelvic Cavity
🗑
|
||||
| The external iliac reaches the ____ ligament and becomes the ___ artery. | Inguinal; Femoral
🗑
|
||||
| The upper border of the Femoral Triangle is what? | Inguinal Ligament
🗑
|
||||
| The lateral border of the femoral triangle is the medial border of the ___ muscle. | Sartorius
🗑
|
||||
| The medial border of the femoral triangle is the medial border of the __ ___ muscle. | Adductor Longus
🗑
|
||||
| The roof of the femoral triangle is __ ___. | Fascia Lata
🗑
|
||||
| The floor of the femoral triangle is made up of what four muscles? | Iliopsoas; Pectineus; Adductor Longus; Adductor Brevis
🗑
|
||||
| The apex of the femoral triangle leads to what? | Adductor Canal
🗑
|
||||
| From lateral to medial; what are the components of the femoral triangle? | Femoral Nerve; Femoral Artery; Femoral Vein; Femoral Lymphatics
🗑
|
||||
| The femoral artery terminates at the ___ ___; which is an opening into what muscle? | Adductor Hiatus; opening to Adductor Magnus Muscle
🗑
|
||||
| The most proximal branch of the femoral artery is the superficial _____ artery. This is located above the ____ ligament. This artery supplies the inguinal ___ ___ and the skin above the ___ ligament. | Epigastric. Inguinal. Lymph Nodes. Inguinal.
🗑
|
||||
| The Superficial ____ Iliac Artery runs ____ to the inguinal ligament to the ___ ___. This supplies the ___ inguinal lymph nodes and skin. | Circumflex. Parallel. Iliac Crest. Superficial.
🗑
|
||||
| The Superficial External ____ artery is a ___ branch of the femoral artery. It supplies the ___ of the lower abdomen and the external ____. | Pudendal. Medial. Genitalia.
🗑
|
||||
| The ___ External _____ artery is deeper than the superficial external pudendal artery. It passes across the ____ muscle and the ____ ___ muscle. It supplies the external ___ | Deep; Pudendal. Pectineus; Adductor Longus. Genitalia.
🗑
|
||||
| The Muscular Branches of the femoral artery supply the ___ and ____ compartments of the ___. Give some muscle examples. | Anterior; medial. Thigh. Quadriceps; Adductors.
🗑
|
||||
| The ____ femoris is the deepest branch of the femoral artery. | Profunda
🗑
|
||||
| The medial femoral ____ is a medial branch off of the ____. It winds around the ___ side of the femur. It forms an ____ with the ____ femoral circumflex artery; the ___ gluteal artery; and the first ____ branch. This is called the ____ anastomosis. | Circumflex; Profunda artery. Medial. Anastomosis. Lateral; Inferior; perforating. Cruciate.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the four parts to the cruciate anastomsis? | Medial Femoral Circumflex; Lateral Femoral Circumflex; Inferior Gluteal artery; first perforating branch.
🗑
|
||||
| What muscles are supplied by the medial femoral circumflex artery? | Adductors; obturator externus; acetabulum; head of the femur.
🗑
|
||||
| The Lateral Femoral ____ artery is a lateral branch off of the ___ artery. It winds around lateral side of the ____; contributes to the ___ anastomosis. Supplies what specific muscle? | Circumflex; Profunda. Femur. Cruciate. Vastus Lateralis.
🗑
|
||||
| The perforating arteries that branch off of the femoral artery usually come with ___ in number. They perforate the __- ___ muscle. The ___ perforating contributes to the cruciate ____. This artery supplies what muscles? | Three. Adductor Magnus. First. Anastomosis. Gluteus maximus. Adductors. Hamstrings.
🗑
|
||||
| The Popliteal Artery is located in the ___ fossa. | Popliteal
🗑
|
||||
| This is the continuation of the ___ artery. It begins at the ___ ____ and ends at the inferior border of ____ where it bifurcates into the anterior and posterior ___ artery. | Femoral. Adductor Hiatus. Popliteus. Tibial.
🗑
|
||||
| The Popliteal Artery supplies the distal parts of the ___ magnus and hamstrings. It also supplies the superficial 3 muscles of the posterior leg; what are the 3? | Adductor. Gastrocnemium; Soleus; Plantaris.
🗑
|
||||
| The Popliteal Artery supplies the skin over what? | Popliteal Fossa
🗑
|
||||
| The Genicular Arteries are branches off of the ___ artery. | Popliteal
🗑
|
||||
| The Genicular Artery supplies the ___ joint; ligaments; and the ____. | Knee; Popliteus.
🗑
|
||||
| How many branches off of the genicular arteries? | 5
🗑
|
||||
| What are the names of 5 genicular branches? | Superior medial genicular; Inferior medial Genicular; Middle Genicular; Superior lateral; Inferior Lateral
🗑
|
||||
| The posterior tibial artery begins at the bifurcation of the ____ artery and passes downward along the posterior leg to divide into medial and lateral ____ arteries. | Popliteal. Plantar arteries.
🗑
|
||||
| The posterior tibial artery provides what two compartments with a blood supply? | Posterior and Lateral compartments.
🗑
|
||||
| A major branch off of the posterior tibial artery is the ___ artery. This supplies what two compartments? | Fibular; Posterior and Lateral Muscle compartments.
🗑
|
||||
| The Medial Plantar Artery supplies the medial side of the ___ and the first ___. | Foot. Toe.
🗑
|
||||
| The lateral plantar artery along with the deep plantar branch of the ___ pedis forms the ___ arch. | Dorsalis; Pedis.
🗑
|
||||
| The Anterior Tibial Artery penetrates the _____ membrane; then runs on the membrane's anterior surface with the ___ ____ nerve. | Interosseus; Deep Fibular
🗑
|
||||
| The anterior tibial artery supplies the ____ compartment muscles of the leg. | Anterior
🗑
|
||||
| The Anterior Tibial Artery has two important branches off of it; what are they? | Anterior Medial Malleloar Artery; Anterior Lateral Malleolar Artery.
🗑
|
||||
| The Anterior Medial Malleolar Artery supplies what? | Medial ankle
🗑
|
||||
| The Anterior Lateral Malleolar Artery supplies what? | Lateral ankle
🗑
|
||||
| The Dorsalis Pedis Artery is the continuation of what artery? | Anterior tibial artery
🗑
|
||||
| Pedis artery passes anteriorly from the ankle joint; along the ___ side of the dorsum of foot to the proximal part of ____ intermetatarsal space where it divides into what 3 branches? | Tibial. First. Arcuate Artery; 1st Dorsal Metatarsal artery; Deep Plantar Branch
🗑
|
||||
| The Arcuate Artery gives off the dorsal ____ arteries which then turn into the dorsal __ arteries. | Metatarsal; digital arteries
🗑
|
||||
| The Deep Plantar Branch of the ___ pedis artery penetrates the ____ surface and with the lateral ___ artery forms the ____ arch. | Dorsalis; plantar. Plantar. Plantar
🗑
|
||||
| Veins are divided into ____ and ____ groups that anastomose quite freely with each other. | Superficial and deep.
🗑
|
||||
| ___ veins lie in superficial fascia; just under the ___. | Superficial; Skin.
🗑
|
||||
| ___ veins accompany the arteries. | Deep
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 2 superficial veins we are required to know? | Great Saphenous Vein; Small Saphenous Vein.
🗑
|
||||
| The longest vein in the body is what? | Great Saphenous Vein
🗑
|
||||
| Great saphenous vein is on the ___ aspect of the lower limb. It ends by passing through the saphenous ___; which is an opening in the ___ ____. It then drains into the ____ vein. | Medial. Hiatus. Fascia Lata. Femoral.
🗑
|
||||
| The great saphenous vein drains sole and ___ of foot (via the digital; dorsalmetatarsal; and ____ ___arch) and thigh. | Dorsum. Dorsal venous.
🗑
|
||||
| The small saphenous vein passes behind what? | Lateral malleolus
🗑
|
||||
| Small saphenous vein drains the ___ foot and ____ leg. It ends as a tributary to the ____ vein. | Lateral. Posterior. Popliteal vein.
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| Deep veins accompany the corresponding ____ and are in pairs called ___ ____. One member being on each side; they ____ at intervals across the artery. | Artery; Venae Comitantes. Communicate.
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| Know the 7 deep veins. Of the 7; ___ are single veins; not venae comitantes. | Three
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| The 7 deep veins we need to know are the ____ digital veins; the posterior ___ vein; ____ (peroneal) vein; Anterior ____ vein; Popliteal vein; Femoral vein; and ____ femoris vein. | Plantar; Tibial; Fibular; Tibial; Profunda.
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| Arteries carry blood ____ from the heart. USUALLY it is ____ blood. Give an exception. | AWAY. Oxygenated. Pulmonary artery (deoxygenated blood)
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| Veins carry blood ___ the heart. USUALLY it is ____ blood. Give an exception. | TOWARDS. De-oxygenated. Pulmonary vein (oxygenated blood).
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| What are the processes coming off an artery called in which the blood flows in a different direction? Blood is ____ the main vessel. | Branches. Leaving.
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| What are the processes on veins called in which blood flows in the same direction? Blood is flowing ____ the main vessel. | Tributaries. INTO.
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| What is endomysium? | CT that surrounds individual muscle cells
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| Endomysium holds what in place? | Muscle cells; Capillaries; Nerve fibers
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| The ____ is CT which surrounds and holds groups of muscle fibers together into a unit. | Parimysium
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| A group of muscle fibers is called a ____. | Fasicle
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| ___ are the smallest muscle unit visible to the naked eye. | Fasicles
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| Fasciles are termed "____" by gross anatomists. | Fibers
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| ____ is the outer CT covering of an individual muscle. | Epimysium
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| Epimysium holds muscle ____ in place and together to form the complete muscle. | Fasicles
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| Epimysium s sometimes called ____ _____. | Muscle fascia
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| ___ ____ is external to the epimysium. Sometimes it is even ____ with it. | Deep Fascia. Fused.
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| Epimysium invests body ____. For example; deep fascia of the thigh is called ___ ___ of the thigh. | Portions. Fascia Lata
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| Epimysium provides intermusclar ____ which arrange muscles into ____ compartments. For example it separates the posterior thigh from the anterior thigh. | Septa. Functional.
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| Epimysium also surrounds individual ____ and separates them from their neighbors so they can do what? | Muscles; move freely.
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| The ____ fasica is a fatty layer deep to the ___. | Superficial. Skin.
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| There are ___ different ways that a muscle may be attached. | 4
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| Attachment of a muscle directly to the ___ of a bone via ___ ___. | Periosteum; connective tissue (CT).
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| An example of periosteum muscle connection would be what? | Vastus Lateralis.
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| A muscle may attach to a bone via a ____ which merges with the ____. | Tendon; Periosteum.
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| An example of tendon attachment is the ___ tendon. | Achilles
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| A muscle may attach to a ___ sheet of fibrous CT called ______. The ____ then connects the muscle to another ____ or a ____. | Flat; Aponeurosis. Aponeurosis; Muscle or bone.
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| An example of when the Aponeurosis connects the muscle to a bone is the ___ ____. | Latissimus Dorsi.
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| An example of when the aponeurosis connects the muscle to another muscle is the ___ ____. | External Obliques.
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| A muscle may attach to another muscle via a ____; which is a line of union between two _____ muscles. | Raphe; different.
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| An example of a raphe connection is the _____ muscle. | Mylohyoid.
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| The origin of a muscle is the ____ end of a muscle. It is the attachment of a muscle to an area of the body which does ____ move. | Fixed. NOT
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| The insertion of a muscle is the ____ end of a muscle. It is the attachment of a muscle to an area of the body which ____ move. | Moveable. DOES.
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| In the limbs; the origin is ____. The insertion is ____. | Proximal. Distal.
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| Sometimes there can be reversal of the origin and insertion. This means that the ____ is now moveable and the ____ is now fixed. | Origin. Insertion.
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| The range of contraction is determined by the ____ of the muscle ____. | Length; fasicles
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| When the _____ contracts; it decreases the length by ___%. | Fasicles; 57%
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| Longer fasciles have ____ range of contraction. | Greater
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| They have the same ____ of contraction; but ____ fasicles have a greater ____ of contraction. | Percentage; longer; range
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| The strength of contraction depends on the total ___ ____ area of the fasciles and their relation to the ____ axis of the muscle. | Cross sectional. Long.
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| A stronger muscle has ___ fasicles. | More.
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| The easiest way to increase the # of fasciles without increasing the bulk of the muscle is to add the fasciles at an ____ to the line of pull. | Angle.
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| Muscles with parallel fibers have a ____ range of contraction; but less ____. | Greater; strength.
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| Muscles with pinnate fibers have ___ range of contraction but are ____. | shorter; stronger.
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| Range of contraction and ____ of contraction vary ____. | Strength; inversely.
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| ___ ____ muscle fibers are the ___ but have a ____ range of contraction. | Multi Pennate. Strongest. Short.
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| ____ is the mechanical power resulting from a lever. | Leverage
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| Leverage enters into the ____ and ____ of the movement produced by a muscle crossing a joint. | Strength and range
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| Maximal strength/leverage and maximal range of joint movement vary ____. | Inversely.
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| Taking a pennate biceps muscle unattached; we have strength but ____ range of movement… so sticking it on the body; we can get the range of motion back by inserting it ____ to the joint. | Short. Close.
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| Nervous system cells have what two unique properties? | Irritability and Conductivity.
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| Irritiability is what? | A response to a stimulus with the initiation of a nervous impulse
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| Conducitivity is what? | Transmission of the nervous impulse
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| There are two kinds of cells involved in the nervous system; what are they? | Neurons and Glial Cells
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||||
| The cells that are carrying the nervous impulse and are the structural and functional units of the nervous system are what? | Neurons
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| Glial cells are found where? They have what kind of function and with what? | CNS. Supportive function for the neurons.
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| The CNS consists of what parts of the body? The PNS consists of what? | CNS= Brain and Spinal cord. PNS= anything outside the brain and spinal cord.
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| The two main parts of a neuron are what? | Neuron cell body and neuron cell fibers
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| A group of neuron cell bodies located in the CNS is called a ____. A group of neuron cell bodies located in the PNS is called a ___. | Nucleus. Ganglion.
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| A neuron cell fiber that conducts the nervous impulse TOWARDS the neuron cell body is the ____. | Dendrite.
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||||
| A neuron cell fiber that conducts the nervous impulse AWAY from the neuron cell body is called what? | Axon.
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| An exception to the axon conductivity are ____ axons of ____ neurons. They are ____ ____ neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. | Dendritic; pseudounipolar.
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| Afferent cell fibers carry ___ information; impulses TO the CNS. | Sensory
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| Efferent cell fibers carry ____ information; impulses _____ from the CNS. | Motor; AWAY
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| A ____ is a group of neuron fibers in the PNS. | Nerve.
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| A ____ is a group of neuron fibers in the CNS. | Tract.
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| What are the four main functions of the nervous system? | Sensation of environmental changes; motor functions; coordination of the activities of various body structures; and thought.
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| What are the four types of sensations detected by the body? | Changes in basic sensations; changes in spatial orientation; changes in body function; changes in internal environment
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| What are the two kinds of basic sensations? | Special sensations; general sensations
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| What are the four special sensations? | Vision; hearing and equilibrium; taste (gustation); smell (olfaction)
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| Why are special sensations called special? | Because they require a special sense organ
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| What are the 5 general sensations? | Touch; temp; pressure; proprioception; pain
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||||
| The 5 general sensations are general why? | Because they are found all over the body. They are generalized.
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| Changes in spatial orientation are called ____. This is an awareness to changes in the ____ forces to various parts of the body. This is also knowing body position in space at any time. | Proprioception. Gravitational.
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| The body can sense changes in body function of both ____ and musculo-skeletal origin. | Visceral.
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| An example of visceral and musculo-skeletal sensation would be what? | Stomach ache (visceral) and joint ache (musculo-skeletal origin).
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||||
| Internal changes in the body could be what? | Hydration; internal temp; oxygen and electrolyte levels; blood pressure
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|
||||
| What are the ONLY two motor functions that can occur? | Muscular contraction and glandular secretion
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|
||||
| The nervous system is divided into two branches based on structure; what are they? | CNS and PNS
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|
||||
| The CNS includes what? | Brain and spinal cord
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|
||||
| The PNS includes what? | 12 pairs of cranial nerves; 31 pairs of spinal nerves; autonomic nerves of ANS
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|
||||
| The nervous system is divided into two branches based on function; what are they? | VNS (voluntary nervous system) and INS (involuntary nervous system)
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|
||||
| The VNS includes the brain; corticospinal and other spinal ____. Also the cranial and spinal nerves; except those parts in the ____. | Tracts; INS.
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| The INS includes the ___ (involuntary areas) and certain spinal ____. It includes the sympathetic (____) of the ANS and the parasympthathetic (______) of the ANS. | Brain; tracts. Thoracolumbar. Craniosacral.
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| The simplest # of anatomical parts required for a function in the nervous system? | 4
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||||
| The stimulus of a nervous segment is an _____ change. | environmental
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||||
| The three steps following an environmental stimulus in the simplest sequence are? | sensory neuron. Motor neuron. Effector.
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||||
| A neuron has an adapted region called a ____ for detecting a certain type of stimulus. It responds by ____ to start an impulse. | Receptor. Depolarizing.
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||||
| A motor neuron responds to the nervous impulse from another neuron and passes the impulse to the ___. | Effector.
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||||
| The effector are cells of muscles or glands which respond to impulse and change the activity of body to the stimulus; what potential results? | Muscle contraction or glandular secretion.
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|
||||
| Sensory fibers are ____ fibers. | Afferent
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||||
| Sensory fibers are found in the ____; ____; and _____ nerves. | Spinal; cranial; and autonomic
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|
||||
| Sensory nerve fibers run from the ____ and go to the CNS. | Receptor
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||||
| The cell bodies for sensory nerve fibers are in a ____ root/spinal _____ or cranial ____. | Dorsal; ganglion. Ganglion.
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||||
| Sensory fibers are classified according to type and location of ____. | Receptor
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|
||||
| What are the two kinds of sensory receptors? | Somatic and visceral
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|
||||
| The three kinds of somatic receptors are what? | Teleceptors; exteroceptors; proprioceptors
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|
||||
| Somatic receptors are located where? | In the body wall
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|
||||
| Teleceptors sense things that are ___. | Distant
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|
||||
| These are any fibers with info from ___ or hearing. | Vision
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|
||||
| These are called SSA fibers; what does this mean? | Special Somatic Afferent Fibers
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|
||||
| The exteroceptors are found in the skin and ____ tissues of the body wall. | Deep
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|
||||
| Exteroceptors carry info about what 4 things? | Touch; temperature; pain; pressure
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|
||||
| Exteroceptor fibers are called GSA fibers; what does this mean? | General Somatic Afferent Fibers
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|
||||
| Proprioceptors are found in ___ muscles (called muscle _____) and tendons; called ( ___ ____ ____). | Skeletal; spindles. Golgi Tendon Apparatus.
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|
||||
| True or false: Proprioceptors detect position and movements of body via stretch in muscles and tendons and stretch or compression in joints. | TRUE
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|
||||
| Proprioceptor fibers are called what? | General Somatic Afferent
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|
||||
| What are the two kinds of visceral receptors? | Interoceptors; chemoreceptors
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|
||||
| Interoceptors are found where? | In viscera
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|
||||
| Interoceptors deal with ___ sensations (pain caused by distention etc); also SENSES smooth muscle contraction and secretory activity of glands. | Visceral
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|
||||
| Interoceptor fiber is called what? | General Visceral Afferent Fiber
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|
||||
| Chemoreceptors are found in the ___ and ____ mucosae. | Nasal and tongue
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|
||||
| Chemoreceptors sense what two things? | Smell and taste
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|
||||
| Chemoreceptors are called what fibers? | Special Visceral Afferent fibers
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|
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