Ch. 25: Perpetuation of the Species
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| Diploid | State in which every chromosome of a cell has a Homologue
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| Haploid | State in which each of the 26 chromosomes lacks a homologous counterpart
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| Interphase | The period in a cell's life cycle between periods of mitosis
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| G1 phase | Gap phase
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| S phase | Synthesis phase
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| G2 phase | Growth phase
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| Cytokinesis | Cytoplasmic division
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| Mitosis stages (4) | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
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| Centromere | Joins together each pair of duplicate chromosomes
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| Chromatid | One member of the pair of chromosomes
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| Prophase | The chromosomes condense to the point they are visible under light microscope as x shaped structures. The nucleolus slowly disappears. Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell. Microtbules give rise to the mitotic spindle.
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| Metaphase | Marked by complete dissolution of the nuclear membrane. The chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate with the help of kinetochore fibers.
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| Daughter chromosome | When sister chromatids are separated
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| Anaphase | Sister chromatids separate (as a result of the splitting of the centromere) and move toward opposite poles of the cell.
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| Telophase | Daughter chromosomes are positioned at opposite poles of the cell. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of daughter chromosomes. The chromosomes decondense and are no longer visible. Nucleoli reappear.
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| Cleavage furrow | Occurs during cytokinesis to divide the cell
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