anatomy description of joints and movements
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| fibrous | articulating bones fastened together by thin layer of dense connective tissue containing many collagenous fibers
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| syndesmosis | bones bound by interosseous ligament
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| suture | flat bones united by sutural ligament
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| gomphosis | cone shaped process fastened in bony socket by peridontal ligament
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| cartilaginous | articulating bones connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
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| synchondrosis | bones united by bands of hyaline cartilage
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| symphysis | articular surfaces separated by thin layers of hyaline cartilage attached to cands of fibrocartilage
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| synovial | articulating bones surroundedby a joint capsule of ligaments and synovial membranes; ends of articulating bones covered by hyaline cartilage and separated by synovial fluid
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| ball-and-socket | ball-shaped head of one bone articulates with cup-shaped socket of another
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| condyloid | oval-shaped head of one bone articulated with elliptical cavity of another
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| gliding | articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved
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| hinge | convex surfaces of one bone articulates with concave surface of another
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| pivot | cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with ring of bone and fibrous tissue
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| saddle | articlualting surfaces have both concave and convex regions surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of another
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| flexion | bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together (bending lower limb at knee)
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| extension | straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart (straightening lower limb at knee)
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| hyperextension | excess extension of the parts a joint, beyond the anatomical position (bending the head back beyond the upright position)
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| dorsiflexion | bending the foot at the ankle toward the shin (bending the foot upward)
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| plantar flexion | bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole (bending the foot downward)
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| abduction | moving a part away from the midline (lifting the upper limb horixontally to form a right angle with the side of the body)
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| adduction | moving a part toward the midline (retunig the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body)
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| rotation | moving a part around an axis (twisting the head from side to side)
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| cicumduction | moving a part so that its end follows a circular path (moving the finger in a circular motion without moving hand)
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| supination | turning the hand so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly (in anatomical position)
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| pronation | turning the hand so the paml is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position)
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| eversion | turning the foot so the sole faces laterally
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| inversion | turning the foot so the sole faces medially
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| protraction | moving a part forward (thrusting chin forward)
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| retraction | moving a part backward (pulling chin backwards)
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| elevation | raising a part (shrugging shoulders)
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| depression | lowering a part (drooping shoulders)
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Created by:
alaura.aria.anderson
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