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joints anatomy
anatomy description of joints and movements
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| fibrous | articulating bones fastened together by thin layer of dense connective tissue containing many collagenous fibers |
| syndesmosis | bones bound by interosseous ligament |
| suture | flat bones united by sutural ligament |
| gomphosis | cone shaped process fastened in bony socket by peridontal ligament |
| cartilaginous | articulating bones connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage |
| synchondrosis | bones united by bands of hyaline cartilage |
| symphysis | articular surfaces separated by thin layers of hyaline cartilage attached to cands of fibrocartilage |
| synovial | articulating bones surroundedby a joint capsule of ligaments and synovial membranes; ends of articulating bones covered by hyaline cartilage and separated by synovial fluid |
| ball-and-socket | ball-shaped head of one bone articulates with cup-shaped socket of another |
| condyloid | oval-shaped head of one bone articulated with elliptical cavity of another |
| gliding | articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved |
| hinge | convex surfaces of one bone articulates with concave surface of another |
| pivot | cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with ring of bone and fibrous tissue |
| saddle | articlualting surfaces have both concave and convex regions surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of another |
| flexion | bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together (bending lower limb at knee) |
| extension | straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart (straightening lower limb at knee) |
| hyperextension | excess extension of the parts a joint, beyond the anatomical position (bending the head back beyond the upright position) |
| dorsiflexion | bending the foot at the ankle toward the shin (bending the foot upward) |
| plantar flexion | bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole (bending the foot downward) |
| abduction | moving a part away from the midline (lifting the upper limb horixontally to form a right angle with the side of the body) |
| adduction | moving a part toward the midline (retunig the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body) |
| rotation | moving a part around an axis (twisting the head from side to side) |
| cicumduction | moving a part so that its end follows a circular path (moving the finger in a circular motion without moving hand) |
| supination | turning the hand so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly (in anatomical position) |
| pronation | turning the hand so the paml is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position) |
| eversion | turning the foot so the sole faces laterally |
| inversion | turning the foot so the sole faces medially |
| protraction | moving a part forward (thrusting chin forward) |
| retraction | moving a part backward (pulling chin backwards) |
| elevation | raising a part (shrugging shoulders) |
| depression | lowering a part (drooping shoulders) |
Created by:
alaura.aria.anderson
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