Block 3 Study Material
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| A two-dimensional graph that describes the type and strength of relationships between two variables. | Scatter Diagram
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| A characteristic of anything that can be manipulated or made to vary. | Variable
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| What are the two variable used in developing manpower standards? | Workload Factors and Man-hours
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| What is an Independent Variable (IV)? | We can manipulate what happens.
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| What is the symbol for an Independent Variable (IV)? | X
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| How can you remember "Y"? | "Y" has long man-hours and is "dependent" on X.
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| How can you remember "X"? | "X" out "work"-load. It is independent!
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| What is a Dependent Variable? | Changes due to changes in the Independent Variable (IV)
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| What is the symbol for Dependent Variable (DV)? | Y
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| What is the horizontal axis on the scatter diagram? | X-axis
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| What is the vertical axis on the scatter diagram? | Y-axis
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| What does the Y-axis represent on a scatter diagram? | Man-hour values
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| What does the X-axis represent on a scatter diagram? | Workload Factors
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| The intersection of an X and Y value (i.e. X, Y) on the line represents what? | Data point
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| What do you do when a value occurs more than once on a graph? | Plot the point for the first occurrance and for each occurrance after that place a circle around the value.
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| If the value of X increases and so does the Y value; what kind of relationship is that? | Positive/Direct Relationship
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| If the value of X decreases and so does the Y value; what kind of relationship is that? | Positive/Direct Relationship
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| If the value of X increases and the value of Y decreases; what kind of relationship is that? | Negative/Inverse Relationship
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| If the value of X decreases and the value of Y increases; what kind of relationship occurs? | Negative/Inverse Relationship
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| If the relationship between X and Y start out positive, but end up as negative; what type relationship has occurred? | Curvilinear
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| If the relationship between X and Y starts out negative and ends up as positive; what type of relationship has occurred? | Curvilinear
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| If the curve is upside down; what is it called? | Convex
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| If the curve is right side up (a smile); what it is called? | Concave
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| Of convex and concave; which is not allowed to be used in Manpower? | Concave
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| If the data does not correspond and cannot be graphed in a line; what kind of relationship is there? | No relationship
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| If all data points are tightly clustered together about the mean; what is the strength of the relationship? | Strong
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| If all data points are clustered lossely about the mean; what is the strength of the relationship? | Weak
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| If the graph shows all data points scattered all over the graph, without infuencing one another; what relationship it that? | Unrelated
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| Define the term "variable." | A characteristic of anything that can be manipulated or made to vary.
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| How is the independent variable represented? | X
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| How is the dependent variable represented? | Y
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| What types of equations are there in correlation and regression? | Economic and Realistic
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| What kind of equation has a positive slope and no net loss of man-hours for an increase in workload? | Realistic
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| What type of equation causes an increase in man-hours when a unit increases in workload? | Economic
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| What is the linear equation? | Y=a+bx
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| What are the coefficients in correlation and regression? | a and b
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| What does the coefficients a stand for? | y-intercept
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| What does coefficient of b stand for? | slope
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| What type of equation is y=a+bx? | Bivariate
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| Slope must be negative or positive? | Positive
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| What is the equation for the Parabolic (Curvilinear) model? | Y=a+bx+cx^2
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| In a Parabolic (Curvilinear) equation the b coefficient must be ____________? | Positive
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| In a Parabolic (Curvilinear) equation the c coefficient must be _______________? | Negative
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| What is the equation for a multivariate model? | Y=a+b1n1+b2n2....+b?n?
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| In what equation must the overall effect of all b coefficients be positive? | Multivariate
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| What is the statistical process used to measure the strength and relationship between variables? | Correlation and Regression
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| What does not prove that a cause and effect relationship exists between variables? | Correlation and Regression analysis
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| What defines the mathematical relationship between the dependent and independent variables? | Regression
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| What measures the strength and direction of that relationship? | Correlation
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| What variable in the bivariate equation represents the number of man-hours predicted? | Y
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| What is determined with the correlation and regression information gained from input locations? | Which WLF equation will best predicts the correct amount of man-hours.
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| Standard Error (standard variation) has what kind of variation? | Unexplained
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| R Squared is also know as? | Coefficient of Determination
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| Multiple R is also know as? | Coefficient of Correlation
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| Standard Error is also known as? | Standard Error of the Estimate
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| R Squared is the ____ highest determinant and must have have the ___________ value. | 2nd; largest
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| Coefficient of Variation is the ______ determinant and must have the __________ value. | first; lowest
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| What is the "test" for coeffient of variation? | must be less thna or equal to .25
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| What is step 1 of "manual" correlations and regression? | Summary Statistics
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| What is step 2 of "manual" correlations and regression? | Determine Cooefficients
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| What is step 3 of "manual" correlations and regression? | Total Sum of Squares (total variation)
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| What is step 4 of "manual" correlations and regression? | Overall Statistics
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| What is included in Overall Statistics (step 4)? | Standard Error, R Squared, and Coefficient of variation (V)
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| What is step 5 of "manual" correlations and regression? | Computing F
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| What is step 6 of "manual" correlations and regression? | Determine F*
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| What is step 7 of "manual" correlations and regression? | F Test
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| What is the F test? | F must be > F*
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| What other 2 statistics are used in Correlation and Regression? | Significant F and Multiple R
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| What is the "test" for Significant F? | must be < .05
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| What is the "test" for Muliple R/R/Coefficient of Correlation? | must be greater than or equal to .7071.
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| What type of dipersion does Coefficient of Variarion (V) have? | Relative Dispersion
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| What type of variation does V have represent? | Unexplained Variation
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| What is the "test" for Coefficient of Determination? | must be greater than or equal to .5
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| What does Significant F report? | The risk our equation will NOT accurately predict man-hours.
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| What does Multiple R/R/Coefficient of Correlation measure? | The strength and direction of the relationship between X and Y
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| What percentage (%) can we accept being wrong? | 5%
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| What is the first the you do after you have a good equation? | Extrapulation
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| What is extrapulation? | 1. increases the standards' applicability by including more bases
2. extends the line beyond maximum and minimum predicted y values
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| That is the maximum acceptable amount of extrapulation? | 50% (25% above large number and 25% below the smallest number)
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| How do you determine the high value? | take he highest predicted Y value and multiply by 1.25
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| How do you determine the low value? | take the lowest predicted Y value and multiply by .75.
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| Includes both explained and unexplained variation | TSS (total sums of squares)
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| Proportion of explained variation to total variation | R Squared/Coefficient of Determination
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| Slope | coefficient b
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| Y intercept | coefficient a
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| Measure of unexplained variation | SSE/Coefficient of variation (V)/Syx (Standard Error)
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| Mathematical relationship between the variables | Regression
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| Measure of absolute dispersion | Syx (Standard Error)
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| Syx divided by Y mean | Coefficient of Variation (v)
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| Measure of explained variation | R Squared/SSR
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| .5 is minimum acceptable value | R Squared
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| .7071 is minimum acceptable value | R/Multiple R/Coefficient of Correlation
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| Tells us if the samples proportion of explained variaiton to unexplained variation is significant enought to allow us to predict man-hours | F-Test
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| Increases the applicability of a standard | Extrapulation
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| Measures the stength and direction of the relation between x & y | R/Coefficient of Correlation
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| SSR/TSS | R squared (Coefficient of determination)
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| R Squared also is? | Coefficient of Determination
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| V is also? | Coefficient of Variation
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| R is also? | Coefficient of Correlation
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| Predicted man-hours | Y
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| Last step in Correlation & Regression analysis | F Test
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| Maximum value must not exceed .25 | V - Coefficient of Variation
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| Maximum value may noy equal or exceed .05 | Significant F
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| Increases predicted man-hours by up to 50% | Extrapulation
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| Allows comparison of dispersion in different sets of data | V - Coeeficient of Variation
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| Must be a positive value | coefficient b/R Squared - Coefficient of Determiantion
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| Can be either negative or positive value | coefficient a/R - Coefficent of Correlation
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| What type of standard is a ratio equation created for? | Single location standard
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| What is a single location? | function has: 1) unique activity for the base or 2) falls outside the applicability range of the MAJCOM/AF
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| Unrelated to workload factors (independent) | Fixed man-hours
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| Are related to tasks common to almost every work center (indirect workman-hours) | Standard Indirect Allowed Man-hours (SIAMs)
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| Directly related to workload factor | Variables
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| What is the equation for single location statdard development? | Y=a+b1n1+b2n2....b?n?+SAIM
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| What does coefficient a stand for in ration equations? | fixed measured man-hours
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| What does coefficient b stand for in ration equations? | direct man-hours neededto produce one unit of work
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| What is SIAM? | indirect work man-hours
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| What does variable X stand for in ratio equations? | value of the workload factor
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| What is step 1 in developing the single location ratio equation? | select the model
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| What is step 2 in developing the single location ratio equation? | Classify direct man-hours as fixed or variable
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| What is step 3 in developing the single location ratio equation? | Divide the x varible man-hours by workload factor count to determine coefficient b
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| What is step 4 in developing the single location ratio equation? | Combine values into appropriate equation and add SIAMs
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| What are the absolutes in creating a Manpower Table? | 1. 2 grades per skill level
2. skill level percentages
3. majority time spent in highest skill level
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| During what phase are the grade/skill level requirements initially analyzed? | Study Planning
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| What two methods are used to derermine skill levels? | Correlation and Regression & non C & R
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| Which method allows the lead team to average the grades and skill level estimates provided by the imput locaitons | Non C & R
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| In Non-C&R method who determines the percentages? | Functional OPR
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| What is first step in Non-C&R method? | Determine total man-hours for each location
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| What is second step in Non-C&R method? | Input team decide what percentage of owrk exist for each skill level
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| What is Step 3 of Non-C&R? | apply the percentage from step 2 to the extrapulation limits obtained in C & R
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| What is Step 4 of Non-C&R? | Calculate requirement for each skill level
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| What is the difference between C & R and Non-C&R methods? | Non C&R - percentages are from functional OPR and looks at the big picture
C & R - Looks at the individual processes and percentages come from functional OPR
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| What for is used to transfer final numbers from the manpower table? | AF Form 1113
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| Who may change the mix of skill level and grade? | Functional OPR
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| What can the Functional OPR NOT change? | requirements
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| What is the C & R method bases off of? | processes shown in the POD
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| When should a SNCO be considered in lieu of a lower grade officer? | when practical and feasible
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| How would you reflect a civilian on a manpower table if the function also had military requirements? | by military grade
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| How does the team determine how many man-hours from the MMH are accomplished by each skill level? | multiply these percentages by the measured man-hours for each POD step
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| The grades and skill levels that are listed on a Manpower Table reflect? | REQUIRED grades and skills
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| TRUE or FALSE - you should always consider funding limitation when determining grades adn skills? | False
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| What concept is used in determining what skill levels are needed? | that workers spend majority of their work time performing at their highest skill level
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| When is a variance necessary? | If conditions fall outside those listed in the SOC
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| Do variances add or take away man-hours earned in a standard? | either/both
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| What are the three types of variances? | Misson/Environmental/Technological
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| Define Mission Variance | required work not adressed in POD - positve
work midentified in the POD; but not performed - negative
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| Define Environmental Variance | accounts for differences in operating conditions other than those developed in the core standard
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| Define Technological Variance | differneces in operating technology what what was defined in core standards
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| Potential variances must _______ at least ______ man-hours to be considered for development. | exceed; 25
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| Who approves a variance? | AF Functional OPR
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| Who develops the variance if it is for a single MAJCOM? | MAJCOM
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| Who develops the variance is it applies to more than one MAJCOM? | AFMA
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| What form is used to submit a variance? | AF Form 1068
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| Increased man-hours are justified how? | Quantified by using measurement technique(s)
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| When would you definately give credit for Wartime Variances? | 1) When directed by MAJCOM for higher 2) require only part of work center to participate 3) functions are accomplished away from the work center 4) must document a recurring requirement
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| When "might" you give credit for Wartime Variances? | 1) maintaining day-to-day mobility capability
2) developing mobility or work center task plans
3) work performed only because of an exercise
4) preparing/giving training
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| When would you definately NOT give credit for Wartime Variances? | 1) Wing/commander directed 2) recieving READY training/augmentee programs 3) participating in exercises as an evaluator 4) Post-exercise rest days
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| What is Step 1 of determining Wartime Variances? | Determine work center FAC
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| What is Step 2 of determining Wartime Variances? | Specify number of months/time frame data was obtained
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| How many months must you have to build confidence? | 24 months
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| What is Step 3 of determining Wartime Variances? | Write names of exercises
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| What is Step 4 of determining Wartime Variances? | what was the period of time of each exercise (days)
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| What is Step 5 of determining Wartime Variances? | How many people participated in each evercise?
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| What is Step 6 of determining Wartime Variances? | Computer man-hours or each exercise
Days * number of poeple * constant (10.29)
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| What is Step 7 of determining Wartime Variances? | multiply answer in step 6 by MAF constant of .52
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| What is Step 8 of determining Wartime Variances? | Total exercise man-hours are determined
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| What is Step 9 of determining Wartime Variances? | Compute avg monthly man-hours by dividing man-hours total by # of months of exercise data
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| What are the two types of standard applicaiton? | initial & reapplicaiton
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| How many days do we have to apply an initial standard? | 90 days - increase
immediately - decrease
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| Who approves any requests for additional manpower? | HQ AF/A1M
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| What number of authorizations is considered significant enough to warrant a standard reapplication ? | greater than 100 authorizations increased or decreased
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missestex82
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