Endcrine System Flashcards. Spring 2011 Prof Crabbe at CCM
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| Growth Hormone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | GH, Growth, Pituitary
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| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | TSH, Regulates endocrine function of the thyroid gland, Pituitary
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| Adrenocorticopic (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | ACTH; release of corticosteroid hormones that help body resist stressors; Pituitary
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| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | FSH; Sperm or egg production; pituitary
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| Luteinizing Hormone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | LSH; production of gonadal hormone; Pituitary
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| Prolactin (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | PRL; milk production in women; Pituitary
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| Oxytocin (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; uterine contraction; posterior pituitary
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| Antidiuretic Hormone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | ADH, prevents large swings in water balance; posterior pituitary
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| Thyroxin (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | T4; glucose oxidation, increases metabolic rate and body heat production; Thyroid
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| Triodothronine (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | T3: more active form, glucose oxidation, increases metabolic rate and body heat production; thyroid
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| Calcitonin (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; antagonist of parathyroid hormone which controls calcium levels in blood; Thyroid
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| Parathyroid Hormone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | PTH; controls calcium level in blood; Parathyroid
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| Mineralocorticoid: Aldosterone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; sodium ion balance; Adrenal
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| Glucocorticoid: Cortisol (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; energy level of body cells, help resist stressors; adrenal
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| Gonadocorticoid: Testosterone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; onset of puberty, sexual maturation; Adrenal
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| Epinephrine (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; sympathetic nervous system activation in presence of stressor, fight or flight response, bronchial dilation, increased blood flow to skeleton and heart; Adrenal
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| Norepinephrine (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; sympathetic nervous system activation in presence of stressor, fight or flight response, peripheral vascularization, change in b/p; Adrenal
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| Glucagon (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; increases blood glucose levels, antagonist of insulin; pancreas
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| Insulin (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; lowers blood glucose levels, influences protein and fat metabolism; pancreas
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| Melatonin (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; makes ppl drowsy; Pineal
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| Thymopoietins, thymic factor, thymosins (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; essential for development of T lymphocytes and immune response; Thymus
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| Hormone (define) | chemical substance, secreted by cell into extra cellular fluid that regulate metabolic function of other cells of the body
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| Autocrines (define) | chemicals that exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them
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| Paracrines (define) | chemicals that act locally but affect cells types other than those releasing them
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| Tissues other than endocrine gland that release hormones | Heart, GI tract, Placenta, Kidneys, Skin Adipose Tissue
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| Target Organs (define) | Organs with specific receptors relating to specific hormones
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| Exocrine Gland (define) | produce nonhormonal substances (sweat, saliva), and have ducts that excrete these substances to membrane surface
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| Endocrine Gland (define) | ductless glands, produce hormones, releasing them into surrounding tissue. CHIEF ENDOCRINE GLANDS
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| Neurotransmitters that become hormones | epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| Connection of posterior pituitary and hypothalamus | nerve bundle called hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract, runs through infundibulum
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| Connection of anterior pituitary and hypothalamus | no neural connection, vascular connection called primary capillary plexus in infundibulum
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| Pituitary part of brain? | Posterior lobe is, downgrowth of hypothalamic tissue, maintains neural connection with hypothalamus
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| Hormones released from hypothalamus | Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (GHIH(
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| Deepest Layer of Cortex and hormones released | Zona reticularis: gonadocorticoids: adrenal sex hormones
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| Middle Layer of Cortex and hormones released | Zona faciculata: glucocorticoids: metabolic hormones
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| Superior Layer of Cortex and hormones released | Zona golmerulosa: mineralocorticoids: helps control balance of minerals and water in blood
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| Hormones released by adrenal medulla | Epinephrine, norepinephrine (NE), also considered neurotransmitters because of effect or autonomic nervous system
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| Pancreatic islet: Alpha cell | glucagon-synthesizing: regulate blood glucose levels
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| Pancreatic islet: Beta cell | Insulin-producing: regulate blood glucose levels
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| Pancreatic islet: Delta cell | Somatostatin: growth inhibiting
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| Hormones produced by Heart and affect | Atrial natriuertic peptide: reduces blood volume, pressure and sodium concentration
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| Hormones produced by Skin and affect | cholecalciferol: inactive form of D3, regulator of carrier system of intestinal cells
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| Hormones produced by Liver and affect | insulin-growth factors: aka somatodemins, growth promoting proteins
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| Hormones produced by Kidney and affect | erythropoietin: bone marrow production of RBCs
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| Storage form/name of thyroid hormone | T4: triiodthryonine
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| Hydrophilic hormones and importance's | Amino acid based, do not require transport
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| Hydrophobic hormones and importance's | Steroid based, require transport to enter cell
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| Hormone Saturation and Alteration | Saturation: when amount of hormone released is equal to the number of target receptors available, altered through up and down regulation.
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| Hormones cleared | some degraded by enzymes, most removed from blood by kidney and liver and excreted through urine and feces
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| Permissiveness | situation when one hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present
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| Synergism | more than one hormone produces the same effect as at the target cell and their combined effects are amplified
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| Antagonism | when one hormone opposes actions of another
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| General Adaptation Syndrome Stage 1 | Alarm reaction: increased heart rate and b/p, liver converts glycogen to glucose and releases glucose into blood, dilation of bronchioles, change in blood flow patterns leads to: increased alertness, decreased digestive and urine output
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| General Adaptation Syndrome Stage 2 | Resistance: retention of water and sodium by kidneys, increased blood volume and pressure
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| General Adaptation Syndrome Stage 3 | Exhaustion: proteins and fats converted to glucose or broken down for energy, increased blood sugar, suppression of immune system
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| Type I Diabetes | little or no insulin produced, daily insulin required
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| Type II Diabetes | pancreases doesn’t make enough insulin or body doesn’t use it correctly, can be corrected through diet and medication
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| Tropic Hormones (define) | hormones that are produced and excreted by anterior pituitary and target endocrine glands
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