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Endocrine: CCM
Endcrine System Flashcards. Spring 2011 Prof Crabbe at CCM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Growth Hormone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | GH, Growth, Pituitary |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | TSH, Regulates endocrine function of the thyroid gland, Pituitary |
| Adrenocorticopic (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | ACTH; release of corticosteroid hormones that help body resist stressors; Pituitary |
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | FSH; Sperm or egg production; pituitary |
| Luteinizing Hormone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | LSH; production of gonadal hormone; Pituitary |
| Prolactin (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | PRL; milk production in women; Pituitary |
| Oxytocin (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; uterine contraction; posterior pituitary |
| Antidiuretic Hormone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | ADH, prevents large swings in water balance; posterior pituitary |
| Thyroxin (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | T4; glucose oxidation, increases metabolic rate and body heat production; Thyroid |
| Triodothronine (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | T3: more active form, glucose oxidation, increases metabolic rate and body heat production; thyroid |
| Calcitonin (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; antagonist of parathyroid hormone which controls calcium levels in blood; Thyroid |
| Parathyroid Hormone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | PTH; controls calcium level in blood; Parathyroid |
| Mineralocorticoid: Aldosterone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; sodium ion balance; Adrenal |
| Glucocorticoid: Cortisol (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; energy level of body cells, help resist stressors; adrenal |
| Gonadocorticoid: Testosterone (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; onset of puberty, sexual maturation; Adrenal |
| Epinephrine (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; sympathetic nervous system activation in presence of stressor, fight or flight response, bronchial dilation, increased blood flow to skeleton and heart; Adrenal |
| Norepinephrine (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; sympathetic nervous system activation in presence of stressor, fight or flight response, peripheral vascularization, change in b/p; Adrenal |
| Glucagon (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; increases blood glucose levels, antagonist of insulin; pancreas |
| Insulin (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; lowers blood glucose levels, influences protein and fat metabolism; pancreas |
| Melatonin (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; makes ppl drowsy; Pineal |
| Thymopoietins, thymic factor, thymosins (Abbreviation, Action, Location) | none; essential for development of T lymphocytes and immune response; Thymus |
| Hormone (define) | chemical substance, secreted by cell into extra cellular fluid that regulate metabolic function of other cells of the body |
| Autocrines (define) | chemicals that exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them |
| Paracrines (define) | chemicals that act locally but affect cells types other than those releasing them |
| Tissues other than endocrine gland that release hormones | Heart, GI tract, Placenta, Kidneys, Skin Adipose Tissue |
| Target Organs (define) | Organs with specific receptors relating to specific hormones |
| Exocrine Gland (define) | produce nonhormonal substances (sweat, saliva), and have ducts that excrete these substances to membrane surface |
| Endocrine Gland (define) | ductless glands, produce hormones, releasing them into surrounding tissue. CHIEF ENDOCRINE GLANDS |
| Neurotransmitters that become hormones | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Connection of posterior pituitary and hypothalamus | nerve bundle called hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract, runs through infundibulum |
| Connection of anterior pituitary and hypothalamus | no neural connection, vascular connection called primary capillary plexus in infundibulum |
| Pituitary part of brain? | Posterior lobe is, downgrowth of hypothalamic tissue, maintains neural connection with hypothalamus |
| Hormones released from hypothalamus | Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (GHIH( |
| Deepest Layer of Cortex and hormones released | Zona reticularis: gonadocorticoids: adrenal sex hormones |
| Middle Layer of Cortex and hormones released | Zona faciculata: glucocorticoids: metabolic hormones |
| Superior Layer of Cortex and hormones released | Zona golmerulosa: mineralocorticoids: helps control balance of minerals and water in blood |
| Hormones released by adrenal medulla | Epinephrine, norepinephrine (NE), also considered neurotransmitters because of effect or autonomic nervous system |
| Pancreatic islet: Alpha cell | glucagon-synthesizing: regulate blood glucose levels |
| Pancreatic islet: Beta cell | Insulin-producing: regulate blood glucose levels |
| Pancreatic islet: Delta cell | Somatostatin: growth inhibiting |
| Hormones produced by Heart and affect | Atrial natriuertic peptide: reduces blood volume, pressure and sodium concentration |
| Hormones produced by Skin and affect | cholecalciferol: inactive form of D3, regulator of carrier system of intestinal cells |
| Hormones produced by Liver and affect | insulin-growth factors: aka somatodemins, growth promoting proteins |
| Hormones produced by Kidney and affect | erythropoietin: bone marrow production of RBCs |
| Storage form/name of thyroid hormone | T4: triiodthryonine |
| Hydrophilic hormones and importance's | Amino acid based, do not require transport |
| Hydrophobic hormones and importance's | Steroid based, require transport to enter cell |
| Hormone Saturation and Alteration | Saturation: when amount of hormone released is equal to the number of target receptors available, altered through up and down regulation. |
| Hormones cleared | some degraded by enzymes, most removed from blood by kidney and liver and excreted through urine and feces |
| Permissiveness | situation when one hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present |
| Synergism | more than one hormone produces the same effect as at the target cell and their combined effects are amplified |
| Antagonism | when one hormone opposes actions of another |
| General Adaptation Syndrome Stage 1 | Alarm reaction: increased heart rate and b/p, liver converts glycogen to glucose and releases glucose into blood, dilation of bronchioles, change in blood flow patterns leads to: increased alertness, decreased digestive and urine output |
| General Adaptation Syndrome Stage 2 | Resistance: retention of water and sodium by kidneys, increased blood volume and pressure |
| General Adaptation Syndrome Stage 3 | Exhaustion: proteins and fats converted to glucose or broken down for energy, increased blood sugar, suppression of immune system |
| Type I Diabetes | little or no insulin produced, daily insulin required |
| Type II Diabetes | pancreases doesn’t make enough insulin or body doesn’t use it correctly, can be corrected through diet and medication |
| Tropic Hormones (define) | hormones that are produced and excreted by anterior pituitary and target endocrine glands |
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kallenpoole
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