Chapt oNe
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| Early Students of anatomy and physiology were most concerned with? | treating illnesses and injury
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| Anatomy | the structure of the body and its parts (what are things called)
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| Physiology | studies the function of parts and asks how do they work?
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| Anatomy and Physiology are closely interrelated because? | the function role of a part depends on how it is constructed
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| Anatomists rely on? | observation and dissection
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| physiologists rely on? | experiments
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| More common to discover new ______information, but _____ are being made as well. | 1 Philological 2 Anabolic
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| What are the 9 levels of organization from smallest to largest? | 1 Atom 2 Molecule
3 Macromolecules 4 Organelle
5 Cell 6 Tissue
7 Organ 8 Organ System
9 Organism
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| Two or more atoms comprise a? | Molecule
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| Atoms are? | simplest level
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| Macromolecules are? | large, biologically important molecules inside the body
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| Organelles are? | aggregates of macromolecules used to carry out a specific function in the cell
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| Cells are? | the basic living unit
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| Tissue | a group of cells functioning together
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| groups of tissues form? | organs
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| groups of organs function together as? | organ systems
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| organ systems functioning together make up? | an organism
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| 10 Characteristics of life? | 1 Movement 2 Responsiveness
3 Growth 4 Reproduction
5 Respiration 6 Digestion
7 Absorption 8 Circulation
9 Assimilation 10 Excretion
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| Movement can be? | internal or gross
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| Responsiveness | reaction to internal or external change
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| Growth | increase in size without change in shape
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| Respiration | use of oxygen, removal of co2
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| Digestion | breakdown of food into simpler forms
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| Absorption | movement of substances through membranes and into fluids
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| circulation | movement within body fluids
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| Assimilation | changing nutrients into chemically different forms
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| Excretion | removal of metabolic waste
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| What are the requirement of organisms to maintain life? | water food oxygen heat and pressure
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| Homeostasis | maintenance of a stable internal environment
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| what are the 3 control systems of homeostasis? | Receptors, set point, effectors
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| Receptors | provide information about certain conditions in the internal environment
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| Set Point | what a particular value, temp, should be
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| effectors | cause a response that alters the internal environment
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| Negative feed back | takes the temp toward the set point
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| positive feedback | takes a temp away from the set point
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| The appendicular portion of the body? | the upper and lower limbs
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| the axial portion of the body? | head neck and trunk
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| organs within the dorsal and ventral cavity are called? | viscera
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| Dorsal cavity can be divided into what 2 cavity's? | Cranial cavity and vertebral canal
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| the ventral cavity is made up of? | Thoracic cavity, abdominalpelvic cavity
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| Thoracic cavity is divided by the? | mediastinum
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| abdominopelvic cavity divided into? | abdominal and pelvic cavity
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| Diaphragm | thin muscle that separates the the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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| cavities within the head? | oral cavity, nasal cavity, orbital cavity, and middle ear cavity
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| thoracic cavity is lined with? | pleural membranes
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| parietal membrane | lines the cavities
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| visceral pleura | covers the lungs
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| a thin layer of _____ separates the parietal and visceral membrane? | serous
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| The heart is surrounded by? | pericardial membranes
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| The ____ makes up and outer sac around the heart? | parietal pericardium
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| Covers the heart | visceral pericardium
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| Peritoneal membranes | line the abdominopelvic cavity
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| Lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity? | parietal peritoneum
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| covers organs? | visceral peritoneum
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| Integumentary system is? | body covering ( hair nails, skin) senses change outside the body, helps regulate body temp
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| Skeletal system | made up of bones and ligaments. supports protects and provides frame work, stores inorganic salts, and houses blood-forming tissues
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| muscular system | consist of the muscle that provide body movement posture and heat
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| nervous system | brain, spinal cord, nerve and sense organs sends incoming info from receptors to impulses and muscle glands
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| endocrine system | all glands that secrete hormones, helps integrate metabolic functions
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| Cardiovascular system | made up of heart blood vessels, distributes oxygen and nutrients throughout the body while removing wastes from the cells
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| lymphatic system | system consisting of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes thymus and spleen drains excess tissues fluid and includes cells of immunity
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| digestive system | mouth, esophagus, stomach intestines and accessory organs , receives breaks down and absorbs nutrients
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| respiratory system | exchanges gasses between blood and air, made up of the lungs and passageways
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| urinary system | kidneys, ureters bladder and urethra, removes waste from blood and helps maintain water and electrolyte balance
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| reproductive system | produces new ogranisms
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| male reproducitve system | testes accessory organs and vessels that conduct sperm to the penis
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| female reproductive system | ovaries vagina uterine tubes uterus and external genitalia
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| sagittal section | divides body into left and right positions
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| transverse section | divides body into superior and inferior, "cross section"
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| coronal section | divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
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| abdomen divides into 4 main sections | right and left upper quadrants, and right and left lower quadrants
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