Organization of the Body
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| study of the structure of living organisms | anatomy
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| study of the function of living organisms | physiology
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| study of large body structures, visible to naked eye | gross/macroscopic anatomy
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| all the structures (muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, etc.) in particular region of body are examined at same time | regional anatomy
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| body structure is studied system-by-system | systemic anatomy
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| regional, systemic, and surface anatomy are all subdivisions of __ anatomy | gross
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| study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface | surface anatomy
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| deals with structure too small to be seen with naked eye | microscopic anatomy
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| cytology and histology are subdivisions of __ anatomy | microscopic
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| considers the cells of the body | cytology
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| study of tissues | histology
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| traces structural changes that occur in body throughout life span | developmental anatomy
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| subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes that occur before birth | embryology
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| studies structural changes caused by disease | pathological anatomy
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| studies internal structures as visualized by specialized scanning procedures/x-rays | radiographic anatomy
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| structure of biological molecules are investigated | molecular biology
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| molecular biology falls under anatomy when anatomical studies are on the __ level | subcellular
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| essential tool for studying anatomy is the mastery of | anatomical terminology
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| feeling with your hands | palpation
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| listening to organ sounds with stethoscope | auscultation
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| concerns kidney function and urine production | renal physiology
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| explains working of the nervous system | neurophysiology
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| examines operation of heart and blood vessels | cardiovascular physiology
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| anatomy provides a __ image of body's architecture | static
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| physiology reveals the body's __ and animated workings | dynamic
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| often focuses on events at cellular or molecular level | physiology
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| what a structure can do depends on its specific form, key concept called principle of | complementary of structure and function
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| can support and protect body organ because they contain hard mineral deposits | bones
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| blood flows in one direction through the heart because it has __ that prevent backflow | valves
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| simplest level of structural hierarchy | chemical level
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| tiny building blocks of matter | atom
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| atoms combine to form | molecules
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| molecules associate in specific ways to form | organelles
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| basic components of the __ __ are organelles | microscopic cells
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| smallest unit of living things | cells
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| lowest level of structural organization is the | cellular level
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| above the cellular level, in complex organisms (humans), is the | tissue level
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| groups of similar cells that have a common function | tissues
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| epithelium, muscle, connective tissue, and nervous tissue are the four basic | tissue types
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| cover body surfaces and lines its cavities | epithelium
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| provides movement | muscles
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| supports and protects body organs | connective tissue
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| provides means of rapid internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses | nervous tissue
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| discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types (four is more common) that performs a specific function for body | organ
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| extremely complex functions become possible at the | organ level
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| organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose | organ system
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| highest level of structural organization in the living human being is | organism
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| represents sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive | organismal level
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| all body cells are | interdependent
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| every living organism must __ __ __ so that its internal environment remains distinct from external environment surrounding it | maintain its boundaries
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| all cells of human body are surrounded by a __ __ membrane | selectively permeable
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| forms external body covering; protects deeper tissues from injury; synthesizing vitamin D, houses cutaneous receptors, sweat, and oil glands | integumentary system
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| includes activities promoted by muscular systems | movement
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| on cellular level, muscle cell's ability to move by shortening is called | contractility
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| ability to sense changes (stimuli) in environment and then respond to them | responsiveness/irritability
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| fast-acting control system of body; responds to internal/external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands | nervous system
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| all body cells are __ to some extent | irritable
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| breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into blood | digestion
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| __ blood is distributed to all body cells by cardiovascular system | nutrient-rich
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| in a single-cell organism, amoeba, the cell itself is | digestion factory
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| in multi-cellular human body, digestive system performs breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into blood, for __ __ | entire body
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| state of change; broad term including all chemical reaction that occur within body cells; includes catabolism, anabolism, and cellular respiration | metabolism
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| breaking down substances into their simpler building blocks | catabolism
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| synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances | anabolism
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| using nutrients and O2 to produce ATP | via cellular respiration
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| energy-rich molecules that power cellular activities | ATP
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| metabolism depends on __ and __ systems to make nutrients and O2 available to blood | digestive; respiratory
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| metabolism depends on __ system to distribute nutrients and O2 throughout the body | cardiovascular
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| metabolism is regulated largely by __ secreted by endocrine system glands | hormones
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| protects/supports body organs; provides framework that muscles use to cause movement; blood cells formed within bones; bones store minerals | skeletal system
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| allows manipulation of environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture and produces heat | muscular system
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| gland secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells | endocrine system
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| blood vessels transport blood, which carries O2, CO2, nutrients, and wastes, etc.; heart pumps blood | cardiovascular system
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| process of removing waste products, non-useful substances produced during digestion and metabolism, from the body | excretion
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| another word for body wastes | excreta
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| during excretion, digestive system rids body of __ __ residues in feces | indigestible food
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| during excretion, urinary system disposes of __ metabolic wastes, such as urea, in urine | nitrogen-containing
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| during excretion, cardiovascular system carries __ (by-product of cellular respiration) by way of blood to lungs where it leaves the body in exhaled air | CO2
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| cellular reproduction occurs at __ and __ level | cellular; organismal
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| picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood; disposes of debris in lymphatic stream; houses WBC; immune response mounts attack against foreign antigens within body | lymphatic system/immunity
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| keeps blood constantly supplied w/O2 and removes CO2; gaseous exchange occurs through walls of air sacs of lungs | respiratory system
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| breaks down foodstuffs into absorbable units that enter blood for distribution to body cells | digestive system
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| eliminates nitrogenous wastes from body; regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of blood | urinary system
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| overall function is production of offspring | reproductive system
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| original cell divides, producing 2 identical daughter cells that may then be used for body growth/repair | cellular reproduction
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| reproductive system's function is regulated by hormones from __ system | endocrine
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| increase in size of body part or organism | growth
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| for true growth to occur, __ activities must occur at faster rate than __ ones | constructive; destructive
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| ultimate goal of all body systems is to | maintain life
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| includes nutrients, O2, and appropriate temperature and atmospheric pressure | survival needs
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| contain chemical substance used for energy and cell building | nutrients
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| rich in carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals | plant-derived foods
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| rich in proteins and fats | animal foods
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| major energy fuel for body cells | carbohydrates
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| essential for building cell structures | proteins
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| provide reserve of energy-rich fuel for body cells | fats
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| mineral that helps to make bones hard and is required for blood clotting | calcium
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| chemical reactions that release energy from foods are | oxidative reactions
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| single most abundant chemical substance in body | H2O
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| for chemical reactions to continue at life-sustaining rates normal __ __ must be maintained | body temperature
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| force that air exerts of surface of body | atmospheric pressure
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| breathing and gas exchange in lungs depends on __ atmospheric pressure | appropriate
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| American psychologist of 20th century who coined the word homeostasis | Walter Cannon
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| dynamic state of equilibrium, or balance, in which internal conditions vary but always within relatively narrow limits | homeostasis
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| factor or event being regulated, in homeostasis | variable
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| all homeostatic control mechanisms are processes involving at least __ __ that work together | three components
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| some type of sensor that monitors environment and responds to stimuli by sending info to the control center, in homeostasis | receptor
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| in homeostasis, info about stimulus (input) is carried from receptor to control center, along a(n) | afferent pathway
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| in homeostasis, level/range at which variable is to be maintained is called | set point
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| determines set point; analyzes info it receives from receptor and determines appropriate response/course of action | control center
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| information (output) flows from control center to effector along | efferent pathway
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| in homeostasis, a(n) __ provides means for control center's response to stimulus | effector
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| most homeostatic control mechanisms are __ feedback mechanisms | negative
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| output shuts off original effect of stimulus, or reduces its intensity, causing variable to change in direction opposite to that of initial change, returning it to ideal value | negative feedback mechanism
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| result or response enhances original stimulus so that response is accelerated | positive feedback mechanism
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| positive feedback mechanisms are often referred to as | cascades
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| most diseases cause a disturbance to homeostasis, a condition called | homeostatic imbalance
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| source of homeostatic imbalance occurs when usual negative feedback mechanisms are __ and destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over | overwhelmed
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| toward head end/upper-part of structure or body; above | superior/cranial
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| away from head end/toward lower part of structure or body; below | inferior/caudal
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| toward or at front of body; in front of | ventral/anterior
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| toward or at back of body; behind | ventral/posterior
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| toward or at midline of body; on inner side of | medial
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| away from midline of body; on outer side of | lateral
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| closer to origin of body part or point of attachment of limb to body trunk | proximal
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| farther from origin of body part or point of attachment of limb to body trunk | distal
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| toward or at body surface | superficial/external
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| away from body surface; more internal | deep/internal
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| head is __ to abdomen | superior
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| navel is __ to chin | inferior
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| breastbone is __ to spine | anterior
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| heart is __ to breastbone | posterior
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| heart is __ to arm | medial
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| arms are __ to chest | lateral
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| collarbone is __ between breastbone and shoulder | intermediate
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| between a more medial and more lateral structure | intermediate
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| elbow is __ to wrist | proximal
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| knee is __ to thigh | distal
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| skin is __ to skeletal muscles | superficial
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| lungs are __ to skin | deep
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| is a standard body position called anatomical position | anatomical reference point
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| body erect w/feet slightly apart; palms face fwd and thumbs point away from body | anatomical position
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| allows us to explain where one body structure is in relation to another | directional terms
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| using anatomical terms saves __ and is less __ | words; ambiguous
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| 2 fundamental divisions of the body are | axial and appendicular
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| makes up main axis of body; incl head, neck, and trunk | axial
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| consists of appendages/limbs, which are attached to body's axis | appendicular
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| used to designate specific areas within major body division | regional terms
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| sagittal, frontal, and transverse are the three most common | body planes
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| sectioned parts of the body are named for the __ along which it is cut | plane
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| vertical plane that divides body into right and left parts | sagittal plane
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| sagittal plane that lies exactly in midline is called the median plane or __ plane | midsagittal
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| specific sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline | midsagittal plane
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| all sagittal planes offset from midline are | parasagittal planes
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| lie vertical; however divide body into anterior/posterior parts | frontal plane
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| frontal plane is also called | coronal plane
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| transverse plane is also called | horizontal plane
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| planes running from right-left, dividing body/organ into superior and inferior parts | transverse/horizontal planes
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| many different transverse planes exist, from every possible __ from head-toe | level
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| transverse section is also called a(n) | cross section
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| new medical imaging devices produce __ images rather than 3D images | sectional
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| being/located near/on/toward upper surface of body; opposite of lower or ventral surface; has 2 subdivisions | dorsal cavity
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| dorsal cavity protects fragile __ system organs, brain/spinal cord | nervous
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| cavity that runs bony vertebral column, enclosing delicate spinal cord; part of dorsal cavity | vertebral/spinal cavity
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| cavity in the skull, encasing brain; part of dorsal cavity | cranial cavity
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| spinal cord is continuation of brain, making the __ and __ cavities continuous with one another | cranial; spinal
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| pertaining to the front/anterior; larger of closed body cavities | ventral body cavity
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| ventral body cavity has 2 major subdivisions, which are | thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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| ventral body cavity houses internal organs, which are collectively called | viscera/visceral organs
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| an organ in a body cavity | viscus
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| division of ventral body cavity that lies above diaphragm, is bounded peripherally by wall of chest, and contains heart/lungs | thoracic cavity
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| thoracic cavity is divided into lateral __ cavities that each envelope a lung | pleural
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| thoracic cavity division includes superior medial cavity, containing heart, great vessels, and trachea | mediastinum
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| fluid-filled space between the 2-layers of pericardium; within mediastinum; surrounding esophagus, trachea, and other thoracic organs | pericardial cavity
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| separates the thoracic cavity from abdominopelvic cavity; dome-shaped muscle important to breathing | diaphragm
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| 2-regions of __ cavity are not physically separated by muscular/membrane wall | abdominopelvic
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| superior portion of abdominopelvic cavity; lined by peritoneum, enclosed by body walls, diaphragm, and pelvic floor; contains visceral organs (as stomach, intestines, and liver) | abdominal cavity
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| inferior portion of abdominopelvic cavity; lies in bony pelvis and contains urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum | pelvic cavity
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| abdominal and pelvic cavities are not __ with one another | aligned
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| moist membrane found in closed ventral body cavities | serosa/serous membrane
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| walls of __ body cavity and outer surfaces of organs it contains are covered by serosa/serous membrane | ventral
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| part of double-layered membrane that lines walls of ventral body cavity | parietal serosa
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| part of double-layered membrane that lines outer surfaces of organs within ventral body cavity | visceral serosa
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| parietal serosa __ __ on itself to form visceral serosa | folds in
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| parietal serosa is never __ but is always fused to cavity wall | exposed
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| clear, watery fluid secreted by cells of a serous membrane; separates serous membranes; allows organs to slide without friction | serous fluid
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| serous membranes are named for specific __ and __ with which they are associated | cavity; organs
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| parietal pericardium lines __ cavity | pericardial
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| parietal pericardium folds back as visceral pericardium, which covers the | heart
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| lines walls of thoracic cavity | parietal pleurae
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| covers lungs | visceral pleurae
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| associated with wall of abdominopelvic cavity | parietal peritoneum
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| covers most of organs within abdominopelvic cavity | visceral peritoneum
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| RUQ | Right Upper Quadrant
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| LUQ | Left Upper Quadrant
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| RLQ | Right Lower Quadrant
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| LLQ | Left Lower Quadrant
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| transverse and median plane passes through umbilicus at right angles, resulting in | abdominopelvic quadrants
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| two transverse and two para sagittal planes, positioned like a tic-tac-toe grid on abdomen create | abdominopelvic regions
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| center-most region deep to and surrounding navel | umbilical region
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| located superior to umbilical region | epigastric region
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| upon, above | epi-
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| belly | gastri-
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| located inferior to umbilical region | hypogastric/pubic region
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| below | hypo-
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| located lateral to hypogastric region | right and left iliac/inguinal regions
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| superior part of hip bone | iliac
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| lie lateral to umbilical region | right and left lumbar regions
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| loin | lumbus
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| lie lateral to epigastric region | right and left hypochondriac regions
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| cartilage | chondro
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| commonly called mouth, contains teeth and tongue; part of and continuous w/cavity of digestive organs, which opens to exterior at anus | oral and digestive cavities
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| located within and posterior to nose, part of respiratory system passageways | nasal cavity
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| in skull; house eyes and present them in an anterior position | orbital cavities
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| in skull; lie just medial to eardrums; contain tiny bony that transmit sound vibrations to hearing receptors in inner ears | middle ear cavities
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| joint cavities; enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround freely moving joints | synovial cavities
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| membranes lining synovial cavities secrete __ fluid that reduces friction as bones move across one another | lubricating
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| regional term for: forehead | frontal
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| regional term for: eyes | orbital
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| regional term for: nose | nasal
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| regional term for: mouth | oral
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| regional term for: chin | mental
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| regional term for: anterior neck | cervical (anterior)
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| regional term for: middle of anterior thoracic | sternal
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| regional term for: armpit | axillary
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| regional term for: breast areas | mammary
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| regional term for: naval | umbilical
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| regional term for: inferior to umbilical | pelvic
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| regional term for: inferior to pelvic | inguinal/groin
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| regional term for: inferior to inguinal/groin | pubic/genital
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| regional term for: anterior tip of shoulder | acromial (anterior)
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| regional term for: anterior upper arm | brachial (anterior)
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| regional term for: inside/anterior elbow | antecubital
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| regional term for: anterior forearm | antebrachial (anterior)
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| regional term for: wrist | carpal
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| regional term for: hand | manus
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| regional term for: thumb | poliex
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| regional term for: palm of hand | palmar
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| regional term for: fingers and toes, excludes big toe and thumb | digital
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| regional term for: posterior to palm of hand | metacarpal
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| regional term for: posterior forearm | antebrachial (posterior)
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| regional term for: posterior elbow/bone-tip of elbow | olecranal
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| regional term for: posterior upper arm | brachial (posterior)
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| regional term for: posterior tip of shoulder | acromial (posterior)
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| regional term for: ear | otic
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| regional term for: back of head | occipital
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| regional term for: posterior neck | cervical (posterior)
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| regional term for: back | dorsal
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| regional term for: should blades | scapular
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| regional term for: spine | vertebral
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| regional term for: lateral to spinal column | lumbar
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| regional term for: medial to gluteal | sacral
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| regional term for: lateral to sacral | gluteal
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| regional term for: between anus and external genitalia | perineal
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| regional term for: hips | coxal
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| regional term for: anterior/posterior thigh | femoral
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| regional term for: anterior knee | patellar
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| regional term for: posterior knee | popliteal
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| regional term for: anterior leg/shin | crural
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| regional term for: posterior leg/calf of leg | sural
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| regional term for: lateral to calf/shin of leg | fibular/peroneal
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| regional term for: foot | pedal
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| regional term for: ankle | tarsal
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| regional term for: heel of foot | calcaneal
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| regional term for: bottom/arch of foot | plantar
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| regional term for: big toe of foot | hallux
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| regional term for: top of foot | metatarsal
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| formation of a platelet plug is an example of a(n) __ feedback mechanism | positive
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| positive feedback cycle for a platelet plug ends once | plug is formed
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| positive feedback cycle for a platelet plug is initiated when | break/tear occurs in blood vessel wall
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| once a break/tear occurs in blood vessel wall, in a positive feedback cycle for a platelet plug, platelets begin to | adhere to site and release chemicals
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| once platelets adhere to site and release chemicals, in a positive feedback cycle for a platelet plug, released chemicals | attract more platelets
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| in homeostasis, a(n) __ produces change in variable | stimulus
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| in homeostasis, a receptor detects __ | change
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| in homeostasis, input is info sent along afferent pathway to __ __ | control center
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| in homeostasis, output is info sent along efferent pathway to __ | effector
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| in homeostasis, response of effector feeds back to __ effect of stimulus and __ variable to homeostatic level | reduce; returns
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| pelvic cavity is __ to abdominal cavity | perpendicular
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| lines the pericardial cavity | parietal pericardium
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| covers the heart | visceral pericardium
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| lines the thoracic cavity | parietal pleura
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| covers the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity | visceral peritoneum
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| lines the abdominopelvic cavity | parietal peritoneum
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| cervical | neck
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| coxal | hip
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| acromial | point of shoulder
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| antcubital | front of elbow
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| occipital | back of head
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| vertebral | spinal column
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| buccal | cheek
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| otic | ear
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| plantar | sole
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| carpal | wrist
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| brachial | arm
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| inguinal | groin
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| popliteal | back of knee
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| pedal | foot
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| tarsal | ankle
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| mental | chin
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| olecranal | back of elbow
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| axillary | armpit
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| frontal | forehead
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| orbital | eye
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| interactions among molecules such as water, DNA, and proteins | chemical level
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| smallest units of living things | cells
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| similar cells with a common function | tissues
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| several tissues performing a specific function | organs
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| several organs integrated to do a major physiological task | organ systems
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| regulation of blood clotting is example of | positive feedback system
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| broken or damaged blood vessel is __ __ in positive feedback system | initial signal
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| blood platelets adhere to damaged site is __ to initial signal in positive feedback system | response
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| release chemicals that attract more platelets is __ of blood platelets in positive feedback system | action
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| blood clot seals tear in damaged blood vessel is | event that ends positive feedback loop
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| hypogastric region | lower-middle portion of abdomen
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| epigastric region | upper-middle portion of abdomen
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| right & left inguinal regions | abdominal regions lateral to hypogastric
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| left and right lumbar regions | abdominal regions lateral to umbilical region
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| right and left hypochondriac regions | abdominal regions lateral to epigastric region
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| example of negative feedback system | regulation of body temperature
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| effector | provides means to respond to stimulus
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| example of a regulated variable | temperature
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| receptor/sensor | monitors changes in environment
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| control center | determines set point & appropriate system response
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| abdominal cavity | contains stomach, intestines, & spleen
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| thoracic cavity | contains lungs & heart
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| pelvic cavity | contains bladder & rectum
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| cranial cavity | contains brain
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| vertebral cavity | contains spinal cord
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| oral cavity | contains teeth & tongue
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| nasal cavity | part of respiratory passages
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| orbital cavity | contains eyes
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| middle ear cavity | contains bones to transmit sound vibrations
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| synovial cavity | associated w/knee, elbow, & other joints
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| nervous system | contains brain & spinal cord
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| endocrine system | contains pituitary & thyroid glands
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| cardiovascular system | contains heart & blood vessels
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|
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| urinary system | contains kidneys & bladder
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|
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| reproductive system | contains testes & ovaries
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|
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| function of nervous system | responds to internal & external stimuli
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|
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| function of endocrine system | secretes hormones
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| function of cardiovascular system | pumps & transports blood
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|
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| function of urinary system | eliminate nitrogenous wastes
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|
||||
| function of reproductive system | produce sperm & eggs
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| cephalic | head
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| femoral | thigh
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| mammary | breast
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| crural | leg
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| antebrachial | forearm
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| integumentary system includes | skin, hair, and nails
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| skeletal system includes | bones, cartilage, and ligaments
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| respiratory system includes | trachea, bronchi, and lungs
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| digestive system includes | stomach, intestines, and liver
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|
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| lymphatic system includes | spleen and white blood cells
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|
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| function of respiratory system | supplies body w/oxygen & eliminates carbon dioxide waste
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|
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| function of lymphatic system | defends the body from disease
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|
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| function of digestive system | breaks down food
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|
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| function of integumentary system | separates body's internal from external environment
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|
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| function of muscular system | provides locomotion
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|
||||
| excels in observing metabolic processes | positron emission tomography (PET)
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|
||||
| synovial cavity lies between bones at a(n) | joint
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|
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| decreases friction produced by movement of organs with which it is associated | serous fluid
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|
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| __ __ of hollow organs is lined with epithelium | inner surface
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|
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| covers the outer surface of organs in a body cavity | visceral serosa membrane
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|
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| medical term for the lower right area of the trunk | right inguinal region
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|
||||
| where the lungs are located | pleural cavity
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|
||||
| cuts body diagonally between horizontal & vertical planes | oblique section
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|
||||
| divides body in 2 equal but non-identical left & right parts along midline | midsagittal plane
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|
||||
| included in the appendicular part of the body | upper limbs
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|
||||
| if the human body temperature drops below 37° C | metabolic reactions become slower
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|
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| responsiveness | physiological ability to sense changes in environment & respond to them
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|
||||
| developmental anatomy traces structural changes that occur in body | throughout life span
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|
||||
| visceral serosa cover | organs
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|
||||
| visceral pericardium covers | a organ
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|
||||
| microscopic anatomy requires | magnification to study
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|
||||
| intelligence can be useful but is | not a necessary life function
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|
||||
| skeletal system | produces blood cells
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|
||||
| nervous system | works very quickly to control all changes in the body
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|
||||
| spinal cord is located in __ body cavity | dorsal
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|
||||
| release of oxytocin to increase strength of labor contractions is | example of positive feedback system
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|
||||
| The spleen is the largest organ in | lymphatic system
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|
||||
| respiratory system consists of | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, & lungs
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|
||||
| NOT one of three components of homeostatic control systems | stimulus (cause of the initial change)
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|
||||
| dorsal body cavity houses | cranial & vertebral cavities
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|
||||
| ventral body cavity houses | thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities
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|
||||
| is made of approximately 20% oxygen | air
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|
||||
| homeostatic imbalance has occurred when a(n) | person becomes ill
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|
||||
| divides body into anterior & posterior parts | frontal/coronal, plane
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|
||||
| person w/appendicitis will most often present w/pain in | RLQ
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|
||||
| homeostasis is carried out in __ cell &, therefore, __ system | every; every
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|
||||
| homeostasis requires a complex interplay of __ __ components | many cellular
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|
||||
| tissues are made of groups of | related cells
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|
||||
| is that some variable is out of balance & is brought back into balance | key to negative feedback
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|
||||
| appendicular body contains | arms, legs, & their distal extensions
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|
||||
| receptor, control center, and effectors are parts of ALL | homeostatic mechanisms
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|
||||
| best defines physiology | study of how body parts work & carry out their life-sustaining activities
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|
||||
| best describes macroscopic anatomy | study of large body structures visible to naked eye
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|
||||
| embryology | subdivision of anatomy that deals w/developmental changes that occur before birth
🗑
|
||||
| this phenomenon exemplifies principle of complementarity of structure & function | blood flows in one direction through heart because heart has valves that prevent backflow
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|
||||
| organismal level | represents sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive
🗑
|
||||
| exemplifies necessary life function of maintaining boundaries | human body as a whole is enclosed and protected by the integumentary system
🗑
|
||||
| metabolism includes | breaking down substances into their simpler building blocks, synthesizing complex cellular structures from simpler substances, & using nutrients & oxygen to produce ATP
🗑
|
||||
| result/response of positive feedback mechanisms | enhances original stimulus, & response is accelerated
🗑
|
||||
| directional terms allow us to explain | where one body structure is in relation to another
🗑
|
||||
| breastbone is ventral | to spine
🗑
|
||||
| chin is cranial | to navel
🗑
|
||||
| humans may differ in their external & internal | anatomies
🗑
|
||||
| well over 90% of all structures present in any human body match | textbook descriptions
🗑
|
||||
| extreme anatomical variations are seldom because | they are incompatible w/life
🗑
|
||||
| regional term designating limbs | appendicular part
🗑
|
||||
| coronal plane divides body into | anterior & posterior parts
🗑
|
||||
| vertical plane divides body into | right & left parts
🗑
|
||||
| thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities | ventral body cavity subdivision
🗑
|
||||
| serosa/serous membrane, can be found within | ventral body cavity
🗑
|
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