vocabulary words
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| 1.Neuron= cells of the nervous system specialized to transmit messages throughout the body |
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| 2.Soma= a part of a cell body |
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| 3.Dendrite= the branching extensions of neurons that carry electrical signals to the cell body |
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| 4.Synapse= the region of communication between neurons |
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| 5.Multipolar neuron= function as interneurons that transmit messaged from one part of the brain to the other |
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| 6.Bipolar neuron= a sensory neuron |
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| 7.Unipolar neuron= axon extends from the cell body; sensory neuron |
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| 8.Anaxonic neuron= neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body |
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| 9.Schwann Cell= one cell makes up a single segment of an axon’s myelin sheath |
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| 10.Myelin sheath= insulating envelope around myelin that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber |
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| 11.Electrical potential= work per unit of electric charge expended in moving a charged body from a reference point to any given point in an electric field |
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| 12.Current=a flow of elecrtic charge |
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| 13.Polarized= the smyelin tate of an unstimulated neuron or muscle cell in which the inside of the cell is relatively negative in comparison to the outside; the resting state |
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| 14.Neurotransmitter= chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons or effector cells, stimulate or inhabit them |
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| 15.Dopamine= a monomine neurotransmitter formed in the brain by the decarboxylation of dopa and essential to the normal functioning of the central nervous system |
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| 16.Serotonin= an organic compound found in the brain, blood syrum, and gastric mucus membranes |
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| 17.Somatic reflex= an involuntary control system characterized by a control loop which includes skeletal muscles |
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| 18.Visceral reflex= reflexes within the internal organs when the small intestine peristalis when it detects food |
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| 19.Meninges= the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord |
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| 20.Dura mater= the outermost and toughest of the three membranes |
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| 21.Gray matter= the gray area of the central nervous system; |
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| 22.White matter= white substance of the central nervous system; the melinated nerve fibers |
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| 23.Cerebrum= the largest part of the brain |
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| 24.Cerebellum= part of the hindbrain; involved in producing smoothly coordinated skeletal muscle activity |
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| 25.Gyrus= an outward fold of the surface of the cerebral cortex |
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| 26.Sulcus= a furrow on the brain, less deep than a fissure |
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| 27.Brainstem= the portion of the brain consisting of the medulla, pons, and midbrain |
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| 28.Cortex= the outer surface layer of an organ |
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| 29.Blood-brain barrier= a mechanism that inhibits passage of materials from the blood into brain tissues |
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| 30.Medulla oblongata= lowermost portion of the vertebrate brain responsible for the control of respiration, circulation, and other bodily functions |
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| 31.Thalamus= a mass of gray matter in the diencephalo |
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| n of the brain |
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| 32.Hypothalamus= the region of the diencephalon forming the floor of the third ventricle of the brain |
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| 33.Occipital lobe= the posterior lobe of each cerebral hemisphere |
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| 34.Parietal lobe= middle portion of each cerebral hemisphere |
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| 35.Frontal lobe= the front portion of each cerebral hemisphere |
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