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AH nervous system
vocabulary words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1.Neuron= cells of the nervous system specialized to transmit messages throughout the body | |
| 2.Soma= a part of a cell body | |
| 3.Dendrite= the branching extensions of neurons that carry electrical signals to the cell body | |
| 4.Synapse= the region of communication between neurons | |
| 5.Multipolar neuron= function as interneurons that transmit messaged from one part of the brain to the other | |
| 6.Bipolar neuron= a sensory neuron | |
| 7.Unipolar neuron= axon extends from the cell body; sensory neuron | |
| 8.Anaxonic neuron= neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body | |
| 9.Schwann Cell= one cell makes up a single segment of an axon’s myelin sheath | |
| 10.Myelin sheath= insulating envelope around myelin that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber | |
| 11.Electrical potential= work per unit of electric charge expended in moving a charged body from a reference point to any given point in an electric field | |
| 12.Current=a flow of elecrtic charge | |
| 13.Polarized= the smyelin tate of an unstimulated neuron or muscle cell in which the inside of the cell is relatively negative in comparison to the outside; the resting state | |
| 14.Neurotransmitter= chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons or effector cells, stimulate or inhabit them | |
| 15.Dopamine= a monomine neurotransmitter formed in the brain by the decarboxylation of dopa and essential to the normal functioning of the central nervous system | |
| 16.Serotonin= an organic compound found in the brain, blood syrum, and gastric mucus membranes | |
| 17.Somatic reflex= an involuntary control system characterized by a control loop which includes skeletal muscles | |
| 18.Visceral reflex= reflexes within the internal organs when the small intestine peristalis when it detects food | |
| 19.Meninges= the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord | |
| 20.Dura mater= the outermost and toughest of the three membranes | |
| 21.Gray matter= the gray area of the central nervous system; | |
| 22.White matter= white substance of the central nervous system; the melinated nerve fibers | |
| 23.Cerebrum= the largest part of the brain | |
| 24.Cerebellum= part of the hindbrain; involved in producing smoothly coordinated skeletal muscle activity | |
| 25.Gyrus= an outward fold of the surface of the cerebral cortex | |
| 26.Sulcus= a furrow on the brain, less deep than a fissure | |
| 27.Brainstem= the portion of the brain consisting of the medulla, pons, and midbrain | |
| 28.Cortex= the outer surface layer of an organ | |
| 29.Blood-brain barrier= a mechanism that inhibits passage of materials from the blood into brain tissues | |
| 30.Medulla oblongata= lowermost portion of the vertebrate brain responsible for the control of respiration, circulation, and other bodily functions | |
| 31.Thalamus= a mass of gray matter in the diencephalo | |
| n of the brain | |
| 32.Hypothalamus= the region of the diencephalon forming the floor of the third ventricle of the brain | |
| 33.Occipital lobe= the posterior lobe of each cerebral hemisphere | |
| 34.Parietal lobe= middle portion of each cerebral hemisphere | |
| 35.Frontal lobe= the front portion of each cerebral hemisphere |
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Nura
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