Special Scenses
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myopia | nearsightedness; focal point is in front of the retina, ex. in a longer than normal eyeball
🗑
|
||||
| hyperopia | farsightedness; focal point is behind the retina, ex. in a shorter than normal eyeball
🗑
|
||||
| astigmatism | caused by unequal curvatures in different parts of the cornea or lens
🗑
|
||||
| presbyobia | loss of near vision with age due to lens becoming more dense and less flexible with age
🗑
|
||||
| caratacts | clouding of lens due to aging, diabetes mellitus, heavy smoking, and frequent exposure to intense sunlight
🗑
|
||||
| lens fibers | cells filled with the transparent protein crystallin
🗑
|
||||
| pigmented layer of retina | pigmented, outer layer, absorbs light and prevents its scattering, stores vitamin a
🗑
|
||||
| neural layer of retina | photoreceptor; transduce light energy
🗑
|
||||
| cells that transmit and process signals in neural layer | bipolar cells, ganglion cells, amacrine cells, and horizontal cells
🗑
|
||||
| photopigments | visual pigments in outer segments of rods and cones that change shape as they absorb light
🗑
|
||||
| rods | numerous in peripheral region of retina, operate in dim light, provide indistinct, fuzzy, non color peripheral vision
🗑
|
||||
| cones | in macula lutea; concentrated in fovea centralis, operate in bright light, provide high acuity color vision
🗑
|
||||
| rhodospin | visual pigment in rods, embedded in the membrane that forms discs in outer segment
🗑
|
||||
| color blindness | due to cogenital lack of one or more of the cone types (blue, green, and red)
🗑
|
||||
| phototransduction (dark) | cGMP binds to and opens cation channels in the outer segments of photoreceptor cells (Na and Ca influx creates a depolarizing dark potential of about -40 mV)
🗑
|
||||
| phototransduction (light) | light activated rhodopsin activates a g protein, transducin; activates PDE; hydrolyzes cGMP to GMP and releases from Na channels. w/o cGmp, Na channels close and membrane hyperpolarizes to about -70 mV
🗑
|
||||
| depth perception | both eyes view the same image from slightly different angles; results from cortical fusion of slightly different images
🗑
|
||||
| lateral geniculate nuclei of thalamus | relay info on movement, segregate the retinal axons in preparation for depth perception, emphasize visual inputs from regions of high cone density, sharpen contrast info
🗑
|
||||
| what are the two areas of the visual cortex? | striate cortex (primary), prestriate cortex (association area)
🗑
|
||||
| temporal lobe (vision) | processes identification of objects
🗑
|
||||
| parietal cortex and postcentral gyrus (vision) | process spatial location
🗑
|
||||
| blindness | caused by lesions in key components of the eye or in the brain
🗑
|
||||
| striate cortex | primary visual cortex; processes contrast information and object orientation
🗑
|
||||
| prestriate cortices | visual association areas; processes form color, and motion input from striate cortex
🗑
|
||||
| olfaction | taste and smell
🗑
|
||||
| chemical senses | chemoreceptors respond to chemicals in aqueous solution
🗑
|
||||
| olfactory pathway | olfactory receptor cells synapse with mitral cells in glomeruli of olfactory bulbs; mitril cells amplify, refine, and relay signals along tracts to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, and limbic system
🗑
|
||||
| what papillae are associated with taste buds? | fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae
🗑
|
||||
| structure of a taste bud | basal cells (dynamic stem cells) gustatory cells (taste cells) microvilli (gustatory hairs) project through taste pore to surface
🗑
|
||||
| what are the five basic taste sensations? | sweet(sugars, saccharin, alcohol,and some amino acids, sour (hydrogen ions), salt (metal ions), bitter (alkaloids quinine and nicotine), umami(glutamate and aspartate)
🗑
|
||||
| bony labyrinth | tortuous channels in temporal bone; three parts : vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea
🗑
|
||||
| helicotrema (apex) | where scalae tympani and vestibuli are continuous
🗑
|
||||
| bending of stereocilia | opens mechanicaly gated ion channels. inward K and Ca current causes a graded potential and the release of neurotransmitter glutamate; cochlear fibers transmit impulses to the brain
🗑
|
||||
| localization of sound | depends on relative intensity and relative timing of sound waves reaching both ears
🗑
|
||||
| conduction deafness | blocked sound conduction to the fluids of the internal ear; can result from impacted earwax, perforated eardrum, or otosclerosis of ossicles
🗑
|
||||
| sensorineural deafness | damage to neural structures at any point from cochlear hair cells to auditory cortical cells
🗑
|
||||
| tinnitus | ringing or clicking sound in the ears in the absence of auditory stimuli; due to cochlear nerve degeneration, inflammation of middle or internal ears, side effects of aspirin
🗑
|
||||
| menieres syndrome | labyrinth disorder that affects the cochlea and semicircular canals; causes vertigo, nausea, and vomiting
🗑
|
||||
| vestibular receptors monitor? | static equilibrium
🗑
|
||||
| semicircular canal receptors monitor? | dynamic equilibrium
🗑
|
||||
| crista ampullaris | sensory receptor for dynamic equilibrium; one in the ampulla of each semicircular canal; major stimuli are rotatory movements
🗑
|
||||
| bending hairs in cristae causes | depolarizations, rapid impulses reach brain at faster rate
🗑
|
||||
| bending of hairs in opposite direction in cristae causes | hyperpolarizations and fewer impules reach the brain
🗑
|
||||
| input for balance and orientation | vestibular receptors, visual receptors, somatic receptors
🗑
|
||||
| hyperopic | seeing only gray tones, as in babies after birth
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
hberglund
Popular Anatomy sets