Functions of the Nervous System
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| The nervous system communicates external and internal stimuli using electrical impulses called ______________________. | action potentials
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| the nervous system takes stimuli from the __________________and converts it into useful information needed for appropriate body responses. | environment
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| the nervous system is an arrangement of cells, tissues, and organs that regulates the body's responses to _________________ and _________________ stimuli | external, internal
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| the nervous system cells are ________________, neurons and ______________________ | neuroglia, neural crest cells
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| _____________________are the most common cell in the nervous system. they assist, protect, and support ________________ | neuroglia, neurons
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| _________________are excitable cells that rapidly communicate information about the body and the environment. | neurons
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| _________________are composed of dendrites, a nerve cell body, axon hillock, axon, and terminus. | neurons
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| the ____________________separates neurons from the cells with which they communicate | synaptic cleft
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| _______________________may be involved in nervous system maintenance and healing | neural crest cells
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| neurons communicate to other cells with ___________________ | neurotransmitters
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| neurotransmitters can be __________________ (stimulate a neuron) or ________________ (hinder a neuron) | excitatory, inhibitory
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| a neuron must be _________________past its threshold before propagating an action potential | excited
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| the _____________________goes through four stages: depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, and recovery | action potential
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| the action potential travels in the following order: dendrites -> ___________________ -> axon -> ______________ | nerve cell body, terminus
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| neurons can be linked in _________________, axosomatic, or axoaxonic synapse arrangements | axodendritic
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| an excitatory postsynaptic potential is a neuron arrangement in which one neuron excites another _________________ | neuron
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| an inhibitory postsynaptic potential is a neuron arrangement in which one neuron _____________ another neuron | inhibits
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| reverberating pathways recycle the excitation of a pathway unit an ________________stimulous shuts it down | inhibatory
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| reflexes are _________________ responses associated with survival | involuntary
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| reflexes start with the stimulation of an _________________ | affector
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| the flow of information in a ___________ is as follows: affector -> sensory neuron -> interneuron -> motor neuron -> effector | reflex
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| ________________can transmit information about the reflex to the brain and other body regions | interneurons
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| ________________capable of invading or infecting nervous system cells cause infectious pathology | microorganisms
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| _________________ diseases are due to the progressive deterioration of a cell or a tissue over time | degenerative
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| ________________pathologies are caused by embryological and maturation errors that affect nerve cell communication. development, and growth. | congenital
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| ________________injuries result from a wound caused by an external force or violence | traumatic
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| ________________diseases are aused by poisons that affect cell metabolism or communication | toxicological
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| much of nervous system aging is due to reduced _____________ and ____________ function | neuroglia, neuron
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| ______________cannot be replaced when damaged or lost | neurons
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| people carry most of their original neuroglia and neurons from ________________ | childhood
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| neurons accumulate damage from oxidization carried out by ________________ | metabolism
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| ______________aging can be hastened by alcohol use, drug use, pollution and smoking | neuron
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| neurons naturally age by accumulating __________ and forming ______________ | plaques, tangles
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| ___________that maintain the chemical environment of neurons. | astrocytes
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| ____________cells which secret cerebrospinal fluid | ependymal
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| ____________that fight off infections in the nervous system | microglia
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| _____________what help from myelin in the brain and spinal cord | oligodendrites
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| ______________which assist with the develpoment of the nervous system | redia glia
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| ______________that maintain the chemical environment of neurons in the brain and spinal cord | satellite cells
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| ______________which form myelin on neurons outside of the brain and spinal cord | schwann cells
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| ______________ wraps around the axons of neurons to speed up the transimission of the neurons communication | myelin
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| _________________are potential stem cells for repairing nerve damage in adults | neural crest cells
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| __________________are important in positive feedback and are associated with learning and memory | reverberating pathways
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| the components of a _________________are the affector, interneuron, and effector | reflex arc
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| ______________are responsible for sending signals from affectors to the effector and to the brain | interneurons
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| _____________help maintain nerve cell health | cytokines
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Created by:
Lauren G.
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