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Anatomy Ch. 8
Functions of the Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The nervous system communicates external and internal stimuli using electrical impulses called ______________________. | action potentials |
| the nervous system takes stimuli from the __________________and converts it into useful information needed for appropriate body responses. | environment |
| the nervous system is an arrangement of cells, tissues, and organs that regulates the body's responses to _________________ and _________________ stimuli | external, internal |
| the nervous system cells are ________________, neurons and ______________________ | neuroglia, neural crest cells |
| _____________________are the most common cell in the nervous system. they assist, protect, and support ________________ | neuroglia, neurons |
| _________________are excitable cells that rapidly communicate information about the body and the environment. | neurons |
| _________________are composed of dendrites, a nerve cell body, axon hillock, axon, and terminus. | neurons |
| the ____________________separates neurons from the cells with which they communicate | synaptic cleft |
| _______________________may be involved in nervous system maintenance and healing | neural crest cells |
| neurons communicate to other cells with ___________________ | neurotransmitters |
| neurotransmitters can be __________________ (stimulate a neuron) or ________________ (hinder a neuron) | excitatory, inhibitory |
| a neuron must be _________________past its threshold before propagating an action potential | excited |
| the _____________________goes through four stages: depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, and recovery | action potential |
| the action potential travels in the following order: dendrites -> ___________________ -> axon -> ______________ | nerve cell body, terminus |
| neurons can be linked in _________________, axosomatic, or axoaxonic synapse arrangements | axodendritic |
| an excitatory postsynaptic potential is a neuron arrangement in which one neuron excites another _________________ | neuron |
| an inhibitory postsynaptic potential is a neuron arrangement in which one neuron _____________ another neuron | inhibits |
| reverberating pathways recycle the excitation of a pathway unit an ________________stimulous shuts it down | inhibatory |
| reflexes are _________________ responses associated with survival | involuntary |
| reflexes start with the stimulation of an _________________ | affector |
| the flow of information in a ___________ is as follows: affector -> sensory neuron -> interneuron -> motor neuron -> effector | reflex |
| ________________can transmit information about the reflex to the brain and other body regions | interneurons |
| ________________capable of invading or infecting nervous system cells cause infectious pathology | microorganisms |
| _________________ diseases are due to the progressive deterioration of a cell or a tissue over time | degenerative |
| ________________pathologies are caused by embryological and maturation errors that affect nerve cell communication. development, and growth. | congenital |
| ________________injuries result from a wound caused by an external force or violence | traumatic |
| ________________diseases are aused by poisons that affect cell metabolism or communication | toxicological |
| much of nervous system aging is due to reduced _____________ and ____________ function | neuroglia, neuron |
| ______________cannot be replaced when damaged or lost | neurons |
| people carry most of their original neuroglia and neurons from ________________ | childhood |
| neurons accumulate damage from oxidization carried out by ________________ | metabolism |
| ______________aging can be hastened by alcohol use, drug use, pollution and smoking | neuron |
| neurons naturally age by accumulating __________ and forming ______________ | plaques, tangles |
| ___________that maintain the chemical environment of neurons. | astrocytes |
| ____________cells which secret cerebrospinal fluid | ependymal |
| ____________that fight off infections in the nervous system | microglia |
| _____________what help from myelin in the brain and spinal cord | oligodendrites |
| ______________which assist with the develpoment of the nervous system | redia glia |
| ______________that maintain the chemical environment of neurons in the brain and spinal cord | satellite cells |
| ______________which form myelin on neurons outside of the brain and spinal cord | schwann cells |
| ______________ wraps around the axons of neurons to speed up the transimission of the neurons communication | myelin |
| _________________are potential stem cells for repairing nerve damage in adults | neural crest cells |
| __________________are important in positive feedback and are associated with learning and memory | reverberating pathways |
| the components of a _________________are the affector, interneuron, and effector | reflex arc |
| ______________are responsible for sending signals from affectors to the effector and to the brain | interneurons |
| _____________help maintain nerve cell health | cytokines |
Created by:
Lauren G.
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