A&P1 Lec Exam 1
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| 1.Every organism has a characteristic pattern of ___________, which differs from that of inanimate objects. | show 🗑
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| show | 2.Irritability
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| show | 3. The study of general form & superficial markings
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| 4.Focuses on superficial and internal features like the eye, ear, nose, etc. Is the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body, such as the head, neck, or trunk. | show 🗑
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| 5.Deals with structures that cannot be seen without magnification. | show 🗑
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| 6.The analysis of the structure of individual cells, the simplest units of life. | show 🗑
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| show | 7.Histology
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| 8.The study of early developmental processes. | show 🗑
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| show | 9.Systemic physiology
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| show | 10.Pathological physiology
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| 11.Name the 6 levels or organization, in order. | show 🗑
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| 12.Name the major organs of the Integument System. | show 🗑
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| show | 13.Bones, cartilages, associated ligaments, and bone marrow. They provide support and protection for other tissues.
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| show | 14.Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands
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| 15.Name the major organs of the muscular system and state the functions. | show 🗑
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| 16.Name the major organs of the cardiovascular system and state the functions. | show 🗑
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| show | 17.Defends against infection and disease
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| show | 18.Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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| 19.Refers to the existence of a stable internal environment. To survive, every organism needs to maintain _______________. | show 🗑
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| 20.A variation outside the desired range triggers an automatic response that corrects the situation. Think Thermostat. An effector activated by the control center opposes, or negates, the original stimulus. Send signals to stop to achieve homeostasis. | show 🗑
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| show | 21.Positive Feedback
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| show | 22.Anatomical position
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| show | 23.Midsagittal section
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| 24.Body cavity that includes the cranial cavity, which contains the brain and the spinal cavity, which contains the spinal cord. | show 🗑
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| 25.Which quadrant includes the Right lobe of the liver, gall bladder, right kidney, stomach, and small / large intestines? | show 🗑
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| 26.Which quadrant includes the left love of the liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, and portions of the large intestine? | show 🗑
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| show | 27.RLQ
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| 28.Which quadrant includes most of the small intestine, portions of the large intestine, left ureter, and reproductive organs? | show 🗑
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| 29.What does “Anterior” or “Ventral” mean? | show 🗑
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| show | 30.Superior
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| show | 31.Lateral
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| 32.What term means: Away from an attached base? | show 🗑
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| show | 33.Diaphragm
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| show | 34.Ventral body cavity
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| show | 35.Thoracic cavity
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| show | 36.Mediastinum
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| 37.Serous membrane lining a pleural cavity is called a ________________. | show 🗑
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| show | 38.Computerized tomography (CT)
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| 1. The smallest simplest stable units of matter are called __________. | show 🗑
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| 2. Have a positive charge | show 🗑
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| 3. Have no charge | show 🗑
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| 4. Have a negative charge | show 🗑
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| 5. The number of protons in an atom is known as its _________ _________. | show 🗑
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| 6. Atoms can be classified on the basis of their atomic number into groups called _________. | show 🗑
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| show | Isotopes
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| show | The mass number
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| show | Inert
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| 10. The term ________ refers to any chemical structure consisting of atoms held together by covalent bonds. This is also greater than an Atom. | show 🗑
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| show | Compound
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| 12. What are the three types of chemical bonds? | show 🗑
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| 13. Attraction between positive cations (+ charge) and negative anions (- charge) are _________ bonds. | show 🗑
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| 14. An unequal sharing of electrons creates a _____ _____ ______. | show 🗑
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| 15. ________ ________ are too weak to create molecules, but they can change molecular shapes or pull molecules together. It is the weakest type of bond. | show 🗑
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| show | Decomposition
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| show | Synthesis
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| show | Exchange reaction
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| show | Reversible
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| show | Enzymes
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| show | Enzymes, Catalysts
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| 22. Compounds that accelerate chemical reactions without themselves being permanently changed or consumed. | show 🗑
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| show | Exergonic
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| 24. If more energy is required to being the reaction than is released as it precedes, the reaction as a whole will absorb energy. Such reactions are called _________. | show 🗑
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| show | Inorganic compounds
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| show | Metabolites
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| show | Organic compounds
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| 28. A pH above 7 is basic or _________, meaning it has more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions. | show 🗑
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| 29. A ______ is an organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio near 1:2:1. | show 🗑
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| show | Electrolytes
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| show | Carbohydrate
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| 32. Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures. | show 🗑
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| show | Glycogen
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| show | Polysaccharide
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| 35. A _______ fatty acid has a single unsaturated bond in the hydrocarbon tail. | show 🗑
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| 36. A _______ fatty acid contains multiple unsaturated (double) bonds. | show 🗑
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| show | Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids
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| show | Peptide Bond
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| 39. Molecules consisting of amino acids held together by peptide bonds are called _____. | show 🗑
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| 40. __________ _________ results from bonds that develop between atoms at different parts of the polypeptide chain. | show 🗑
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| 41. Hydrogen bonding, for example, may create simple spiral known as a ___________. | show 🗑
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| show | Glycoproteins & Proteoglycans
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| 43. _____ ____ store and process information at the molecular level, inside cells. | show 🗑
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| show | 1) a sugar 2) a phosphate group 3) a nitrogenous base
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| 45. Name the corresponding DNA bases: C goes with _____; A goes with _____. | show 🗑
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| 46. Name the corresponding RNA bases: C goes with _____; A goes with _____. | show 🗑
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| 1. The extracellular fluid in most tissues is called _________. | show 🗑
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| show | Plasma membrane or plasmalemma; 1) Physical isolation, 2) Regulation & exchange with the environment 3) Sensitivity
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| 3. The cell membrane is called a _____ _____, because the phospholipid molecules in it form two layers. | show 🗑
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| 4. Ions and other small water-soluble materials can cross the membrane only by passing through __________. | show 🗑
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| show | Nonmembranous
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| show | Membranous
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| 7. The cell’s nonmembranous organelles include the _______, ________, ______, ______, ______, and _________. | show 🗑
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| 8. Name the 6 membranous organelles of a cell. | show 🗑
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| show | Cytoskeleton
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| 10. Typical microfilaments are composed of the protein ________. | show 🗑
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| show | Microfilaments
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| show | Tubulin
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| 13. During cell division, microtubules for the _____ _____ ,which distributes the duplicated chromosomes to opposite ends of the dividing cell. | show 🗑
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| 14. All animal cells capable of undergoing cell division contain a pair of _______, cylindrical structures composed of short _______. | show 🗑
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| 15. Organelles that are responsible for protein synthesis. Components are formed in the _________. | show 🗑
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| show | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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| 17. Functions as a combination workshop and shipping depot. It is where many newly synthesized proteins undergo chemical modification and where they are packaged for export to their next destination, the golgi apparatus. | show 🗑
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| show | 1)Modifies and packages secretion, such as hormones or enzymes for release through exocytosis. 2) It renews or modifies the cell membrane. 3) It packages special enzymes within vesicles for use in the cytosol.
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| show | Lysosomes
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| 20. Produces 95% of ATP production through aerobic respiration, which is required for cell activity and called the powerhouse of the cell. | show 🗑
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| show | Peroxisomes
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| 22. The ______ has 46 chromosomes – made of DNA molecules (23 pairs) and contains nucleolus & chromatin, nucleoplasm. | show 🗑
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| 23. The ______ contains ions, enzymes, RNA, and DNA nucleotides, small amounts of RNA & DNA. | show 🗑
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| show | DNA; Chromosomes
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| show | Gene
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| 26. ______ picks up the coded message; RNA leaves the nucleolus, starts in the nucleus. The RNA picks up the chemical coded message from the DNA. | show 🗑
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| show | Translation
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| 28. Located in the nucleus. Produces RNA. A dark staining area within the nucleus. | show 🗑
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| show | Protein synthesis
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| show | Amino acids
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| show | 1)Is the diffusion of water molecules across membrane 2) Occurs across selectively permeable membrane thats freely permeable to water but not to solutes 3) Water will flow across member towards solution that has higher concentration of solutes.
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| show | Hypotonic solution
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| show | Hemolysis
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| 34. A cell in a _____ ____ will lose water by osmosis. As it does, the cell shrivels and dehydrates. The shrinking of red blood cells is called _________. | show 🗑
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| show | Facilitated diffusion
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| 36. In _____ ______, a high-energy bond provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane. | show 🗑
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| 37. Homeostasis within the cell depends on the ejection of sodium ions and the recapture of lost potassium. This exchange is accomplished through the activity of a _______-________ ________ __________. | show 🗑
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| 38. Movement into the cell. Involves relatively large volumes of extra cellular material and requires energy in the form of ATP. | show 🗑
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| show | Receptor-mediated endocytosis, pinocytosis & phagocytosis
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| 42. During this phase, a cell performs all its normal functions and if necessary, prepares for cell division. Longest phase. | show 🗑
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| 40.Cell eating, produces phagosomes containing solid objects that may be as large as the cell itself.# | show 🗑
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| show | The S Phase
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| show | Exocytosis
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| 44. The stage of cell reproduction is called _________. | show 🗑
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| 45. List 1st 2 of the 4 stages of Mitosis and describe what happens in each stage. | show 🗑
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| 45. List last 2 of the 4 stages of Mitosis and describe what happens in each stage. | show 🗑
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| 46. Cell “pinches” at membrane to form two cells. Also Division of cytoplasmic mass. Cell is duplicating & begins the Telephase. Two daughter cells exist. | show 🗑
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| 47. Paired cylindrical bodies lie at 90 degree angles from each other, close to the nucleus. Direct formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division. | show 🗑
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| 48. A dispersion of malignant cells that may travel to distant tissues and organs and establish secondary tumors. | show 🗑
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| show | Differentation
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| 1) The study of tissues. | show 🗑
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| show | Epithelial tissue
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| 3) List the functions of epithelial tissue. | show 🗑
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| 4) _______ are especially abundant on epithelial surfaces where absorption and secretion take place, such as along portions of the digestive and urinary tracts. | show 🗑
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| 5) A _______ ________ is formed by the fusion of the outer layers of two cell membranes. Bands of this encircle the apical portion of many epithelial cells, preventing the diffusion of fluids and solutes between the cells. | show 🗑
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| show | Desmosomes
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| 7) What are the three cell shapes? | show 🗑
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| 8) Most delicate type of epithelium. Ex. Respiratory exchange surfaces (alveoli), the lungs, the lining of the ventral body cavities and the lining of the heart and blood vessels. | show 🗑
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| show | Mesothelium (or parietal layer)
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| show | Endothelium
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| show | Stratified squamous epithelium
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| show | Thyroid follicles
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| 13) Are relatively rare and are located along the ducts of sweat glands and in the larger ducts of the mammary glands. | show 🗑
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| show | Pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells
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| 15) Flat in appearance; found lining the skin and first line of defense. Which type of epithelial tissue is this? | show 🗑
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| 16) Which epithelial tissue is shaped like little squares/hexes and found in the lining of the urinary tubes? It also secrets and absorbs material. | show 🗑
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| 17) Which epithelial tissue is shaped like columns, secretes and absorbs material and is found lining the trachea? | show 🗑
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| show | Transitional
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| 19) A gland that secretes hormones into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. Hormones that are released directly into the surrounding interstitial fluid. Ductless | show 🗑
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| show | Exocrine
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| show | Apocrine
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| 22) Destroys the gland cell. Ex. Sebaceous gland. | show 🗑
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| 23 The product is released from the secretory vesicles by exocytosis. | show 🗑
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| 24 Are also known as adipose cells, or fat cells. Contains a single, enormous lipid droplet. | show 🗑
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| 25 Most of the volume of _______ ________ _______ is occupied by fibers. | show 🗑
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| 26 Dense connective tissues are often called __________. | show 🗑
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| show | Dense irregular connective tissue
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| show | Red blood cell or erythrocyte
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| show | Cartilage, perichondrium
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| 30 Cartilage cells or _______ are the only cells in the cartilage matrix. | show 🗑
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| show | Hyaline cartilage
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| show | Lacunae, osteocytes
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| 33 Lines passageways and chambers, including the digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary tracts that communicates with the exterior. | show 🗑
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| show | Muscle tissue
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| show | Striations
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| 36 Known as nervous tissue, is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses from one region of the body to another. | show 🗑
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| show | Dysplasia
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| 38 _______ is a structural change that dramatically alters the character of the tissue. | show 🗑
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| 39 In _______ tissue organization breaks down. | show 🗑
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| 40 Body membrane-squamous epithelial cells. | show 🗑
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| show | Mucous Membrane
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| 42 Body membrane that produces serous fluid, epi cells supported by connective tissue, line internal cavities that are not open to outside: pleural (lungs), pericardial (heart), peritoneal (organs). | show 🗑
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| 43 Body membrane that produce synovial fluid- line the joints of the body. | show 🗑
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