A&P1 Lec Exam 1
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| show | 1.Organization
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| show | 2.Irritability
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| 3.What is “Surface Anatomy?” | show 🗑
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| show | 4.Regional anatomy
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| 5.Deals with structures that cannot be seen without magnification. | show 🗑
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| 6.The analysis of the structure of individual cells, the simplest units of life. | show 🗑
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| show | 7.Histology
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| show | 8.Embryology
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| show | 9.Systemic physiology
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| show | 10.Pathological physiology
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| show | 11.Organelle (ex. Actin), Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
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| show | 12.Skin, hair, sweat glands, and nails
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| show | 13.Bones, cartilages, associated ligaments, and bone marrow. They provide support and protection for other tissues.
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| 14.Name the major organs of the endocrine system. | show 🗑
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| 15.Name the major organs of the muscular system and state the functions. | show 🗑
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| 16.Name the major organs of the cardiovascular system and state the functions. | show 🗑
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| show | 17.Defends against infection and disease
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| show | 18.Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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| show | 19.Homeostasis
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| show | 20.Negative Feedback
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| show | 21.Positive Feedback
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| show | 22.Anatomical position
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| show | 23.Midsagittal section
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| 24.Body cavity that includes the cranial cavity, which contains the brain and the spinal cavity, which contains the spinal cord. | show 🗑
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| show | 25.RUQ
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| show | 26.LUQ
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| show | 27.RLQ
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| show | 28.LLQ
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| 29.What does “Anterior” or “Ventral” mean? | show 🗑
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| 30.What term means: Above, at a higher level (in human body, toward the head)? | show 🗑
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| show | 31.Lateral
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| 32.What term means: Away from an attached base? | show 🗑
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| 33.Flat muscular sheet, divides the ventral body cavity into a superior thoracic cavity and an inferior abdominopelvic cavity? (i.e. separates thoracic from abdominopelvic cavity) | show 🗑
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| 34.Cavity that includes superior thoracic and inferior abdominopelvic cavities. | show 🗑
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| show | 35.Thoracic cavity
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| show | 36.Mediastinum
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| 37.Serous membrane lining a pleural cavity is called a ________________. | show 🗑
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| show | 38.Computerized tomography (CT)
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| show | Atoms
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| show | Protons
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| show | Neutrons
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| show | Electrons
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| show | Atomic Number
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| 6. Atoms can be classified on the basis of their atomic number into groups called _________. | show 🗑
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| 7. Atoms whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons are called ____________. | show 🗑
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| 8. The total number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus is used to designate a particular isotope. | show 🗑
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| show | Inert
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| show | Molecule
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| show | Compound
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| show | Ionic, Covalent (polar/non polar), Hydrogen
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| show | Ionic
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| show | Polar covalent bond
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| 15. ________ ________ are too weak to create molecules, but they can change molecular shapes or pull molecules together. It is the weakest type of bond. | show 🗑
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| show | Decomposition
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| show | Synthesis
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| show | Exchange reaction
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| 19. Chemical Reactions are _______. A+B AB; A+B AB | show 🗑
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| 20. _______ promote chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy requirements. | show 🗑
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| show | Enzymes, Catalysts
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| show | Catalysts
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| show | Exergonic
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| 24. If more energy is required to being the reaction than is released as it precedes, the reaction as a whole will absorb energy. Such reactions are called _________. | show 🗑
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| 25. Are not primarily carbon and hydrogen. Matter that doesn’t break down. | show 🗑
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| show | Metabolites
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| show | Organic compounds
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| show | Alkaline
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| 29. A ______ is an organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio near 1:2:1. | show 🗑
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| 30. Soluble inorganic molecules whose ions will conduct an electrical current in solution. | show 🗑
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| show | Carbohydrate
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| show | Isomers
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| show | Glycogen
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| 34. The ____________ glycogen, or animal starch, has many side branches, all consisting of chains of glucose molecules. | show 🗑
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| show | Mono-unsaturated
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| show | Poly-unsaturated
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| show | Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids
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| 38. The process creates a covalent bond between the carboxylic acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another. This bond is known as ____________. | show 🗑
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| show | Peptides
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| 40. __________ _________ results from bonds that develop between atoms at different parts of the polypeptide chain. | show 🗑
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| 41. Hydrogen bonding, for example, may create simple spiral known as a ___________. | show 🗑
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| 42. _______ and _____ are combinations of protein and carbohydrate molecules. | show 🗑
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| 43. _____ ____ store and process information at the molecular level, inside cells. | show 🗑
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| 44. What are the three components of a nucleotide? | show 🗑
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| 45. Name the corresponding DNA bases: C goes with _____; A goes with _____. | show 🗑
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| 46. Name the corresponding RNA bases: C goes with _____; A goes with _____. | show 🗑
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| show | Interstitial fluid
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| 2. The outer boundary of the cell is the cell membrane, which is also called the _______. It’s three functions include: 1) ________2) ________3)_________. | show 🗑
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| show | Phospholipid bilayer
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| 4. Ions and other small water-soluble materials can cross the membrane only by passing through __________. | show 🗑
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| show | Nonmembranous
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| 6. ______organelles are isolated from the cytosol by phospholipid membranes, just as the cell membrane isolates the cytosol from the extracellular fluid. | show 🗑
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| 7. The cell’s nonmembranous organelles include the _______, ________, ______, ______, ______, and _________. | show 🗑
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| show | Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria (also nucleus).
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| show | Cytoskeleton
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| 10. Typical microfilaments are composed of the protein ________. | show 🗑
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| show | Microfilaments
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| 12. All our cells contain microtubules, hollow tubes built from the globular protein ______. | show 🗑
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| show | Spindle apparatus
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| 14. All animal cells capable of undergoing cell division contain a pair of _______, cylindrical structures composed of short _______. | show 🗑
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| 15. Organelles that are responsible for protein synthesis. Components are formed in the _________. | show 🗑
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| 16. The _____ _____ _____ has a variety of functions all associated with the synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates. | show 🗑
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| show | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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| 18. What are the three major functions of the golgi apparatus? | show 🗑
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| show | Lysosomes
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| 20. Produces 95% of ATP production through aerobic respiration, which is required for cell activity and called the powerhouse of the cell. | show 🗑
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| show | Peroxisomes
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| 22. The ______ has 46 chromosomes – made of DNA molecules (23 pairs) and contains nucleolus & chromatin, nucleoplasm. | show 🗑
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| show | Neuleoplasm
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| 24. _____ in the nucleus stroes the instructions for protein synthesis, and this DNA is organized into structured called ________. | show 🗑
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| show | Gene
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| show | Transcription
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| 27.The process of interpreting the message is called:_______. | show 🗑
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| show | Nucleolus
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| show | Protein synthesis
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| 30. The ______ _____ are provided by transfer RNA (tRNA) a relatively small and mobile type of RNA. | show 🗑
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| show | 1)Is the diffusion of water molecules across membrane 2) Occurs across selectively permeable membrane thats freely permeable to water but not to solutes 3) Water will flow across member towards solution that has higher concentration of solutes.
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| 32. If a blood cell is in a ____ _____, water will flow into the cell, causing is to swell up like balloon. | show 🗑
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| show | Hemolysis
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| show | Hypertonic solution, crenation
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| 35. Many essential nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, are insoluble in lipids and too large to fit through membrane channels. These substances can be passively transported across the membrane by carrier proteins in a process called ____ _____. | show 🗑
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| show | Active transport
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| show | Sodium-Potassium Exchange Pump
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| show | Endocytosis
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| 39. List the three major types of endocytosis. | show 🗑
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| show | Interphase
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| show | Phagocytosis
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| 43. Part of Interphase. The cell duplicates its chromosomes. This involves DNA replication and the synthesis of histones and other proteins in the nucleus. The goal of DNA replication is to copy the genetic information in the nucleus. | show 🗑
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| 41.Ejection of materials from the cell | show 🗑
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| 44. The stage of cell reproduction is called _________. | show 🗑
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| show | 1)Prophase:paired chromatids, cell duplicating.Chromosomes coil tightly 2)Metaphase: Chromatids move to central zone called metaphase plate.
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| 45. List last 2 of the 4 stages of Mitosis and describe what happens in each stage. | show 🗑
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| 46. Cell “pinches” at membrane to form two cells. Also Division of cytoplasmic mass. Cell is duplicating & begins the Telephase. Two daughter cells exist. | show 🗑
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| show | Centrioles
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| show | Metastasis
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| show | Differentation
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| show | Histology
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| 2) Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways and chambers and forms glands. | show 🗑
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| show | 1) provides physical protection 2) control permeability and absorption 3) provides sensation 4) produce specialized secretions
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| show | Microvilli
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| 5) A _______ ________ is formed by the fusion of the outer layers of two cell membranes. Bands of this encircle the apical portion of many epithelial cells, preventing the diffusion of fluids and solutes between the cells. | show 🗑
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| 6) ________ are abundant between cells in the superficial layers of the skin. As a result, damaged skin cells are usually lost in sheets rather than as individual cells. It gives the epithelium its strength. | show 🗑
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| show | Squamous, cuboidal and columnar
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| show | Simple Squamous epithelium
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| show | Mesothelium (or parietal layer)
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| show | Endothelium
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| show | Stratified squamous epithelium
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| 12) The thyroid gland contains chambers called _______ ______, that are lined by a cuboidal secretory epithelium. | show 🗑
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| 13) Are relatively rare and are located along the ducts of sweat glands and in the larger ducts of the mammary glands. | show 🗑
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| 14) Typically posses cilia. Epithelia of this type line most of the nasal cavity, the trachea, the bronchi and portions of the male reproductive tract. | show 🗑
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| 15) Flat in appearance; found lining the skin and first line of defense. Which type of epithelial tissue is this? | show 🗑
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| show | Cuboidal
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| show | Columnar
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| show | Transitional
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| show | Endocrine Gland
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| 20) Glands that secrete onto an epithelial surface. | show 🗑
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| show | Apocrine
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| show | Holocrine
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| 23 The product is released from the secretory vesicles by exocytosis. | show 🗑
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| 24 Are also known as adipose cells, or fat cells. Contains a single, enormous lipid droplet. | show 🗑
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| show | Dense connective tissues
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| 26 Dense connective tissues are often called __________. | show 🗑
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| 27 Form an interwoven meshwork in no consistent pattern. These tissues strengthen and support areas subjected to stresses from many directions. | show 🗑
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| show | Red blood cell or erythrocyte
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| 29 A ________ is generally set apart from surrounding tissues by a fibrous __________. | show 🗑
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| 30 Cartilage cells or _______ are the only cells in the cartilage matrix. | show 🗑
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| show | Hyaline cartilage
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| 32 ________ in the matrix contain osteocytes, or bone cells. | show 🗑
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| 33 Lines passageways and chambers, including the digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary tracts that communicates with the exterior. | show 🗑
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| 34 Movement is produced by a _______ ______, which is specialized for contraction. | show 🗑
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| 35 Smooth muscle tissue has no _________. | show 🗑
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| show | Neural tissue
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| show | Dysplasia
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| 38 _______ is a structural change that dramatically alters the character of the tissue. | show 🗑
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| show | Anaplasia
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| 40 Body membrane-squamous epithelial cells. | show 🗑
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| show | Mucous Membrane
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| show | Serous Membrane
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| show | Synovial Membrane
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