The Endocrine Glands and Hormones
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| the _________________system is a complex collection of hormones that coordinate many of the body's functions. | endocrine
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| the endocrine system is composed of ____________ that produce endocrine secretions | glands
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| endocrine secretions go directly into the _______________ | blood
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| enodcrine secretions enter _________________ | body cavities
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| endocrine secretions are _______________ | cellular signals
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| hormones work by attaching to ____________ on target cells | receptors
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| _______________carry chemicals that attach to receptors | ligands
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| ____________________transport certain hormones | carrier proteins
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| _________________are cells that change in response to a signal | effectors
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| enodcrine glands are _______________ | ductless
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| ________________have receptors that bind to specific endocrine secretions | target cells
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| ______________secretions target the cells that produce them | autocrine
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| ______________secretions target nearby cells | paracrine
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| endocrine secretions usually target ____________ cells | distant
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| most endocrine secretions control the body through ____________________ | negative feedback
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| a ________________is any secretion that signals a cell to alter its metabolism | hormone
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| chemicals that carry out the job of a hormone by turning on a cell response are called ______________ | agonists
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| chemicals that carry out the job of a hormone by turning off a cell response are called _______________ | antagonists
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| there are two types of hormones: ___________ and ______________ | peptide and lipid
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| ________________hormones are usually involved in rapid body changes | peptide
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| ________________ hormones play a role in body fluid control and sexual reproduction | Lipid
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| there are _____distinct endocrine glands | 10
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| the ____________________, or hypophysis is known as the master gland | pituitary gland
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| the pituitary gland is composed of ____________ and _______________ pituitaries | anterior and posterior
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| chemicals called _________________, or _____________________are secretions of the hypothalamus, and they control the anterior pituitary gland. | releasers, or releasing hormones
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| nerve cells from the ____________________ control the posterior pituitary | hypothalamus
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| the pineal gland produces ________________ and ___________________ | melatonin and serotonin
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| the adrenal gland is divided into an outer region called the _________________ and an inner part called the _____________________ | adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla
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| the _________________gland helps control metabolic rate | thyroid
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| the ___________________produces hormones and digestive enzymes | pancreas
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| the _________cells of the pancreas produces insulin | beta
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| the ___________cells of the pancreas produce glucagon | alpha
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| the _________________gland produces secretions that stimulate the immune system | thymus
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| the ______________produce hormones and gametes | gonads
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| the female gonads, or ______________, produce estrogen and progesterone | ovaries
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| the male gonads, or ______________, produce testosterone | testes
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| most hormones ________________in amount as adults age. | decrease
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| some individuals seek ______________________ in an attempt to counteract the effects of aging of the endocrine system | hormone replacement therapy
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| the two types of human glands are _____________ and _____________. | endocrine, exocrine
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| ____________glands secrete chemicals into the blood | endocrine
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| ____________glands send secretions into ducts that enter body cavities | exocrine
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| ____________receptors are on the cell membrane | external
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| ____________receptors are in the cytoplasm or nucleus | internal
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| the _____________________produces andrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone | anterior pituitary
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| the hypothalamus produces neural secretions called __________that help regulate the anterior pituitary | releasers
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| _____________ affects the female reproductive tract and has no know function in normal males | oxytocin
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| the _____________gland produces melatonin and serotonin | pineal
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| the ___________________ produces glucocorticosteroids that regulate metabolism and the minerocorticosteroids that regulate salt and water balance | adrenal cortex
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| adrenalin is the major hormone produced by the ____________________. it controls the body's response to stress | adrenal medulla
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| the main role of _______________is to regulate sodium and potassium levels in the blood | aldosterone
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| the ______________gland produces thyroxine and calcitonin | thyroid
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| ________________from the thyroid gland lowers calcium in the blood. | calcitonin
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| _______________hormone from the parathyroid glands raised blood calcium | parathyroid
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| the _____________major role is to produce secretions that "educate" the immune system | thymus'
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| _______________is the hormone from the thymus that stimulates the development of T cells | thymosin
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| secretions that travel to nearby target cells are called: ________________ | paracrine
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| cells that respond to hormones are called: ______________ | target cells
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Created by:
Lauren G.
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