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Anatomy Ch. 7*
The Endocrine Glands and Hormones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the _________________system is a complex collection of hormones that coordinate many of the body's functions. | endocrine |
| the endocrine system is composed of ____________ that produce endocrine secretions | glands |
| endocrine secretions go directly into the _______________ | blood |
| enodcrine secretions enter _________________ | body cavities |
| endocrine secretions are _______________ | cellular signals |
| hormones work by attaching to ____________ on target cells | receptors |
| _______________carry chemicals that attach to receptors | ligands |
| ____________________transport certain hormones | carrier proteins |
| _________________are cells that change in response to a signal | effectors |
| enodcrine glands are _______________ | ductless |
| ________________have receptors that bind to specific endocrine secretions | target cells |
| ______________secretions target the cells that produce them | autocrine |
| ______________secretions target nearby cells | paracrine |
| endocrine secretions usually target ____________ cells | distant |
| most endocrine secretions control the body through ____________________ | negative feedback |
| a ________________is any secretion that signals a cell to alter its metabolism | hormone |
| chemicals that carry out the job of a hormone by turning on a cell response are called ______________ | agonists |
| chemicals that carry out the job of a hormone by turning off a cell response are called _______________ | antagonists |
| there are two types of hormones: ___________ and ______________ | peptide and lipid |
| ________________hormones are usually involved in rapid body changes | peptide |
| ________________ hormones play a role in body fluid control and sexual reproduction | Lipid |
| there are _____distinct endocrine glands | 10 |
| the ____________________, or hypophysis is known as the master gland | pituitary gland |
| the pituitary gland is composed of ____________ and _______________ pituitaries | anterior and posterior |
| chemicals called _________________, or _____________________are secretions of the hypothalamus, and they control the anterior pituitary gland. | releasers, or releasing hormones |
| nerve cells from the ____________________ control the posterior pituitary | hypothalamus |
| the pineal gland produces ________________ and ___________________ | melatonin and serotonin |
| the adrenal gland is divided into an outer region called the _________________ and an inner part called the _____________________ | adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla |
| the _________________gland helps control metabolic rate | thyroid |
| the ___________________produces hormones and digestive enzymes | pancreas |
| the _________cells of the pancreas produces insulin | beta |
| the ___________cells of the pancreas produce glucagon | alpha |
| the _________________gland produces secretions that stimulate the immune system | thymus |
| the ______________produce hormones and gametes | gonads |
| the female gonads, or ______________, produce estrogen and progesterone | ovaries |
| the male gonads, or ______________, produce testosterone | testes |
| most hormones ________________in amount as adults age. | decrease |
| some individuals seek ______________________ in an attempt to counteract the effects of aging of the endocrine system | hormone replacement therapy |
| the two types of human glands are _____________ and _____________. | endocrine, exocrine |
| ____________glands secrete chemicals into the blood | endocrine |
| ____________glands send secretions into ducts that enter body cavities | exocrine |
| ____________receptors are on the cell membrane | external |
| ____________receptors are in the cytoplasm or nucleus | internal |
| the _____________________produces andrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone | anterior pituitary |
| the hypothalamus produces neural secretions called __________that help regulate the anterior pituitary | releasers |
| _____________ affects the female reproductive tract and has no know function in normal males | oxytocin |
| the _____________gland produces melatonin and serotonin | pineal |
| the ___________________ produces glucocorticosteroids that regulate metabolism and the minerocorticosteroids that regulate salt and water balance | adrenal cortex |
| adrenalin is the major hormone produced by the ____________________. it controls the body's response to stress | adrenal medulla |
| the main role of _______________is to regulate sodium and potassium levels in the blood | aldosterone |
| the ______________gland produces thyroxine and calcitonin | thyroid |
| ________________from the thyroid gland lowers calcium in the blood. | calcitonin |
| _______________hormone from the parathyroid glands raised blood calcium | parathyroid |
| the _____________major role is to produce secretions that "educate" the immune system | thymus' |
| _______________is the hormone from the thymus that stimulates the development of T cells | thymosin |
| secretions that travel to nearby target cells are called: ________________ | paracrine |
| cells that respond to hormones are called: ______________ | target cells |
Created by:
Lauren G.
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