The Muscular System
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| muscle cells or fibers have the capabilities of being _________________ and _______________ | contractile and excitable
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| by being contractile, muscle cells can be used to provide various types of ________________ for the body | movement
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| strong striated muscle contractions generate _________________ system movement and pump ____________throughtout the body | skeletal, blood
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| non-striated muscle contractions assist with ___________________, _________________ and digestion | blood flow, breathing
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| the excitable nature of muscle cells permits them to be controlled _________________ and ______________________by the body | voluntary and involuntary
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| ________________control is mostly involved in skeletal system movements | voluntary
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| ________________control moves blood throughout the body and passes food through the digestive system | involuntary
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| _____________muscle is the most common muscle type making up over half of the body's weight. | skeletal
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| immobility and malnutrition as a person matures could cause muscle ______________ | atrophy
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| a variety of ________________diseases can also cause the loss of muscle function | genetic
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| muscle tissue is composed of ________________ cells | contractile
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| contractile cells have specialized cell membranes and ______________________ | cytoskeletons
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| muscle cells consume a large about of the body's _______________ | energy
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| _______________________is an indicator of the body's muscle composition | body mass index (BMI)
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| all muscle cells originate from _______________ in the embryo | myoblasts
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| muscle cells can be categorized by appearance as ___________________ or _________________ | nonstriated or striated
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| muscle cells can be categorized according to their location and function inthe body: ____________, _____________ and ____________ | cardiac, smooth and skeletal
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| muscle cells are covered with an excitable membrane called a _____________________ | sarcolemma
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| the cytoskeleton of muscle cells is modified into contractile protein units called ____________________ | sarcomeres
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| a muscle contraction occurs in three stages: ____________, _____________ and ___________ | neural stimulation, muscle cell contraction, muscle cell relaxation
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| muscles can be categorized by the pattern of muscle cell organization: _____________ and _______________ | parallel and pinnate
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| skeletal muscles are organs containing _________________, _________________, and ______________ | blood vessels, connective tissues, and nerves
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| skeletal muscles are composed of _____________, or ______________ of muscle cells | bundles or fascicles
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| __________________work independently to control the endurance and strength of a muscle contraction | fascicles
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| muscles can _________________(antagonistic) or ________________ (synergistic) other muscles | counteract, assist
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| muscle contractions can be categorized as ______________ or _______________ | isotonic or isometric
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| overuse of muscles can cause ______________, ___________________, and _________________ | strains, stiffness, and sprains
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| muscle damage will produce muscle pathology, such as contusions, ______________, _________________, and _________________ | cramps, paralysis, and sensitivity
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| some muscle diseases are _______________ or ________________. this includes a large group of muscle diseases called _______________ | genetic, developmental, myopathies
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| maturity is usually accompanied by ____________, or _____________________ | cachexia, or gradual muscle loss
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| some aging of the musculature system is due to _______________and _______________ | wear and tear
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| ________________can affect muscle aging | diets
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| changes in ________________production contribute to muscle aging | hormone
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| a_____________ cell is capable changing its shape to produce body movement | contractile
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| muscle cells need sample _____________, ______________, and ______________ to operate properly | glucose, oxygen, electrolytes
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| body mass index is a measure of the proportion of _________________making up a person's body in relation to their body fat, height, and weight | muscle
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| ________________muscle has a randomly organized cytoskeleton that produces weak contractions | nonstriated
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| ________________muscles have a cytoskeleton organized in a way that provides powerful contractions | striated
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| _____________muscles are involuntary and striated | cardiac
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| _____________muscles are involuntary and nonstriated | smooth
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| _____________muscles are involuntary and striated | skeletal
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| _____________muscles are controlled by motor nerves | skeletal
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| skeletal muscle myofilaments are composed of _____________, tropomyosin, and troponin in the thin filament, ______________in the thick filament, and titan that runs vertically and supports the other filaments | actin, myosin
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| ______________is essential for muscle contraction because it permits the binding of the thick and thin filaments. a contraction cannot be held in place without _____________. | calcium, calcium
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| the levels of muscle structure are a group of fascicles surrounded by _________________. each fascicle is surrounded by an _________________. a fascicle is composed of clumps of muscle fibers or muscle cells individually surrounded by an _______________ | perimysium, epimysium, endomysium
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| ________________muscels pul against each other coordinate movement or pull apart the opposing muscles. | antagonistic
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| ______________muscles work together to produce a combined movement. | synergist
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| all muscle cells develop from ____________ | myoblasts
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| _____________muscle is responsible for peristalsis | smooth
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| _____________ion stimulates the binding of actin to myosin | calcium
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| muscles carrying out anaerobic metabolism produce the following waste product: _____________ | lactic acid
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| the contractile unit of a muscle cell is called a ________________, which is composed of an ovelapping pattern of thick and thin _____________ | sarcomere, myofilaments
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| striations are produced by the uniform arragnement of: _____________ | sarcomeres
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| what percent of the body's mass is composed of muscle tissue? ________ | 50%
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| the muscle cell contraction phase begins when the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases _______________, which binds to the protein _______________ on the thin myofilaments | calcium, troponin
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Created by:
Lauren G.
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