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Anatomy Ch. 6
The Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscle cells or fibers have the capabilities of being _________________ and _______________ | contractile and excitable |
| by being contractile, muscle cells can be used to provide various types of ________________ for the body | movement |
| strong striated muscle contractions generate _________________ system movement and pump ____________throughtout the body | skeletal, blood |
| non-striated muscle contractions assist with ___________________, _________________ and digestion | blood flow, breathing |
| the excitable nature of muscle cells permits them to be controlled _________________ and ______________________by the body | voluntary and involuntary |
| ________________control is mostly involved in skeletal system movements | voluntary |
| ________________control moves blood throughout the body and passes food through the digestive system | involuntary |
| _____________muscle is the most common muscle type making up over half of the body's weight. | skeletal |
| immobility and malnutrition as a person matures could cause muscle ______________ | atrophy |
| a variety of ________________diseases can also cause the loss of muscle function | genetic |
| muscle tissue is composed of ________________ cells | contractile |
| contractile cells have specialized cell membranes and ______________________ | cytoskeletons |
| muscle cells consume a large about of the body's _______________ | energy |
| _______________________is an indicator of the body's muscle composition | body mass index (BMI) |
| all muscle cells originate from _______________ in the embryo | myoblasts |
| muscle cells can be categorized by appearance as ___________________ or _________________ | nonstriated or striated |
| muscle cells can be categorized according to their location and function inthe body: ____________, _____________ and ____________ | cardiac, smooth and skeletal |
| muscle cells are covered with an excitable membrane called a _____________________ | sarcolemma |
| the cytoskeleton of muscle cells is modified into contractile protein units called ____________________ | sarcomeres |
| a muscle contraction occurs in three stages: ____________, _____________ and ___________ | neural stimulation, muscle cell contraction, muscle cell relaxation |
| muscles can be categorized by the pattern of muscle cell organization: _____________ and _______________ | parallel and pinnate |
| skeletal muscles are organs containing _________________, _________________, and ______________ | blood vessels, connective tissues, and nerves |
| skeletal muscles are composed of _____________, or ______________ of muscle cells | bundles or fascicles |
| __________________work independently to control the endurance and strength of a muscle contraction | fascicles |
| muscles can _________________(antagonistic) or ________________ (synergistic) other muscles | counteract, assist |
| muscle contractions can be categorized as ______________ or _______________ | isotonic or isometric |
| overuse of muscles can cause ______________, ___________________, and _________________ | strains, stiffness, and sprains |
| muscle damage will produce muscle pathology, such as contusions, ______________, _________________, and _________________ | cramps, paralysis, and sensitivity |
| some muscle diseases are _______________ or ________________. this includes a large group of muscle diseases called _______________ | genetic, developmental, myopathies |
| maturity is usually accompanied by ____________, or _____________________ | cachexia, or gradual muscle loss |
| some aging of the musculature system is due to _______________and _______________ | wear and tear |
| ________________can affect muscle aging | diets |
| changes in ________________production contribute to muscle aging | hormone |
| a_____________ cell is capable changing its shape to produce body movement | contractile |
| muscle cells need sample _____________, ______________, and ______________ to operate properly | glucose, oxygen, electrolytes |
| body mass index is a measure of the proportion of _________________making up a person's body in relation to their body fat, height, and weight | muscle |
| ________________muscle has a randomly organized cytoskeleton that produces weak contractions | nonstriated |
| ________________muscles have a cytoskeleton organized in a way that provides powerful contractions | striated |
| _____________muscles are involuntary and striated | cardiac |
| _____________muscles are involuntary and nonstriated | smooth |
| _____________muscles are involuntary and striated | skeletal |
| _____________muscles are controlled by motor nerves | skeletal |
| skeletal muscle myofilaments are composed of _____________, tropomyosin, and troponin in the thin filament, ______________in the thick filament, and titan that runs vertically and supports the other filaments | actin, myosin |
| ______________is essential for muscle contraction because it permits the binding of the thick and thin filaments. a contraction cannot be held in place without _____________. | calcium, calcium |
| the levels of muscle structure are a group of fascicles surrounded by _________________. each fascicle is surrounded by an _________________. a fascicle is composed of clumps of muscle fibers or muscle cells individually surrounded by an _______________ | perimysium, epimysium, endomysium |
| ________________muscels pul against each other coordinate movement or pull apart the opposing muscles. | antagonistic |
| ______________muscles work together to produce a combined movement. | synergist |
| all muscle cells develop from ____________ | myoblasts |
| _____________muscle is responsible for peristalsis | smooth |
| _____________ion stimulates the binding of actin to myosin | calcium |
| muscles carrying out anaerobic metabolism produce the following waste product: _____________ | lactic acid |
| the contractile unit of a muscle cell is called a ________________, which is composed of an ovelapping pattern of thick and thin _____________ | sarcomere, myofilaments |
| striations are produced by the uniform arragnement of: _____________ | sarcomeres |
| what percent of the body's mass is composed of muscle tissue? ________ | 50% |
| the muscle cell contraction phase begins when the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases _______________, which binds to the protein _______________ on the thin myofilaments | calcium, troponin |
Created by:
Lauren G.
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