Organization of the Body
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| _________________make up the lowest level of the body hierarchy | molecules
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| ______________compose tissues, tissues form _______________, _______________are combined into organ systems, and the organ systems make up the human ____________________ | cells, organs, organs, organism
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| organisms interact with other organisms (______________) and with the environment (_________________) | society, envirome
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| the human physiological environment is _______________ | aqueous
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| water is a ______________for most biological molecules or solutes. | solvent
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| ____________are charged particles that dissovle in water | ions
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| ____________carry a negative charge and ______________carry a positive charge. | anions, cations
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| ______________are proteins that carry out chemical reactions for the body | enzymes
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| exergonic chemical reactions _____________ energy | give off
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| endergonic chemical reactions ____________ energy | absorb
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| energy can be ____________, _____________, ______________ and ________________ | chemical, electrical, mechanical or thermal
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| forms of molecular transport are ___________________, ___________________, and _______________________ | passive transport, active transport, and bulk mechanical transport
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| ___________________moves large materials into a cell, while ___________________moves large materials out of the cell | endocytosis, exocytosis
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| _________________is the diffusion of water | osmosis
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| cell theory or cell doctrine explains that all life has a ______________________ | cell structure
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| all cells have three components: ________________, ________________, and _________________ | cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genome
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| bacteria are _____________________cells which have no organelles or nucleus. | prokaryotic
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| human cells are ___________________ meaning they have organelles and contain the genome in a nucleus | eukaryotic
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| cell function is carried out by _______________ | metabolism
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| _____________is a molecule that transfers energy from repiration to the cell | ATP
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| aerobic respiration uses _________________ to break down glucose for energy | oxygen
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| aerobic respiration is composed of three states: _____________________, ____________________, and the ___________________________ | glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain
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| anaerobic respiration is carried out by muscles as ____________________ | fermentation
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| a gene is the genetic informationprogramming or ___________sequence for a characteristic | DNA
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| ______________________involves transcription and translation | Gene expression
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| the ________________describes what a cell is doing at a particular time during its differentiation or division stages. | cell cycle
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| some cells are ___________________and carry out no function | dormant
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| Asexual reproduction uses ______________to make two similar diploid cells from one cell. | mitosis
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| _________________cells in humans are diploid | somatic
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| sexual reproduction uses ________________to make four haploid cells carrying one of the set of homologous chromosomes. | meiosis
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| _________________cells in humans are gametes | haploid
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| _______________are made up of similar cells carrying out a specific function | tissues
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| the human body is composed of four tissue types: ____________________, ______________, _________________, _____________________ | epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue
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| ___________________forms coverings, linings, or glands | epithelium
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| ___________________tissue is composed of cells surrounded by a secreted matrix | connective
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| ___________________is a contractile tissue. | muscle
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| there are three types of muscle tissue: _______________, ___________________, _________________ | smooth, cardiac, skeletal
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| nerve tissue comprises ________________ and ___________________ | neurons and neuroglia
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| the _____________________of humans are the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive system. | organ systems
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| cell pathology causes ___________________ dysfunctions of the body | hierarchy
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| cell aging is due to an accumulation of ____________________ | molecular decay
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| mutations cause _____________ damage during the _______ stage of interphase | DNA, S
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| some aging is due to ________________________ | telomere shortening
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| the cell of a ______________organism tends to carry out all of the organism's functions and makes up its full structure | unicellular
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| the cell of a _________________communicate and share the tasks of keeping the organism alive | multicellular
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| _______________describes how the human body interacts and adapts to the environment in order to survive | environomics
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| _______________are one of several substances known to conduct electricity and heat. | metals
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| _________________are proteins that carry out chemical reactions needed for homeostasis | enzymes
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| __________transport does not require energy but does need a diffusion gradient | passive
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| ___________transport needs cell energy but can work against a diffusion gradient | active
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| ______________is the active trasport of large particles or molecules into the cell | endocytosis
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| ______________is the active transport of large particles or molecules out of the cell | exocytosis
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| a _____________is any simple organism that must be seen with a microscope | microbe
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| ___________are primitive single celled microbes | bacteria
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| ___________are complex microbes that can be single celled or multicellular | fungi
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| the _________________is involved in modifying, storing, and shipping certain cell products from teh endoplasmic reticulum | golgi body
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| ____________are short and found in large collections on the cell surface | cilia
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| _______________are long whip-like structures usually found alone | flagella
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| _______________provide cells with much of the energy needed for survival | mitochondria
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| ___________respiration produces an abundance of cell energy in the presence of oxygen | aerobic
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| ___________respiration produces some cell energy in the absence of oxygen | anaerobic
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| the _______________is able to extract cell energy from amino acids and lipids taken in the diet. | Krebs cycle
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| _________________refers to the cells ability to build amino acids into proteins using DNA information | Gene expression
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| _________________involves the reading of the DNA followed by teh synthesis of an edited mRNA | transcription
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| _________________involves the reading of the mRNA by a ribosome that builds the protein from the amino acids carried by tRNA | translation
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| ______________control the occurence of cell division | mitogens
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| sexual cell dicision is called meiosis. it occurs in two nuclear divisions: the first separates___________________chromosomes, and the second separates _________________ | homologous, chromatids
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| ________________is a decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, or organ, while the enlargement of these body components is known as __________________ | atrophy, hypertrophy
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| ________________is the stage of karyokinesis during which chromosomes separate | anaphase
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| ________________is a connective-tissue type | blood
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| ________________is a standard unit of heat | calorie
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| ________________is a copy of a chromosome | chromatid
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| ________________is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body | metabolism
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| _________________is localized tissue death | necrosis
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| food is a form of _________________energy, which provides the ability for muscle movement, which is a form of _____________ energy | potential/ kinetic
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| the region of an enzyme that is the point of its attachment to another molecule is called the __________________ | active site
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Created by:
Lauren G.
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