The Body's Chemical Makeup
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| ________________and ________________work together to build and run the human body | matter and energy
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| elements are the raw materials of the body, but they do not work in _________________ | isolation
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| ________________is constantly needed to ensure that the molecules can carry out their roles | energy
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| humans are primarily composed of organic molecules called ____________________ | biochemicals
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| atoms with a particular proton number are called ___________________ | elements
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| elements that vary in neutron number are called ________________ | isotopes
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| ___________are elements that have more or fewer electrons than protons and carry an electric charge | ions
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| elements can form ____________, ______________, and _______________bonds | ionic, covalent, and hydrogen
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| an _________________is a molecule that has the same elemental makeup, but a different elemental arrangement. | isomer
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| organisms are primarily composed of organic molecules called ______________ | biochemicals
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| ________________are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides | carbohydrates
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| elements are bonded together to form a wide array of ________________ and ______________ molecules. | structual and functional
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| the four categories of human biochemicals are _____________, ______________, ______________ and _________________ | carbohydrates, lipids, peptides and nucleic acids.
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| all ____________________are composed of energy and matter | organisms
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| all matter is composed of ____________ | atoms
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| atoms have a central core called the nucleus, which is composed of ________________and _______________that determine the atomic mass | protons and neutrons
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| the proton number or atomic number determines the properties of an ____________ | atom
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| atoms with a particular proton number are called ___________________ | elements
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| elements that vary in neutron number are called ________________ | isotopes
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| ___________are elements that have more or fewer electrons than protons and carry an electric charge | ions
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| elements can form ____________, ______________, and _______________bonds | ionic, covalent, and hydrogen
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| an _________________is a molecule that has the same elemental makeup, but a different elemental arrangement. | isomer
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| organisms are primarily composed of organic molecules called ______________ | biochemicals
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| all biochemicals are composed of a _______________ and a _________________ | carbon skeleton, functional group
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| pH is a measure of the ____________________ concentration in a solution | hydrogen ion
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| ______________solutions have a high hydrogen ion concentration | acid
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| ____________or _______________solutions have a low hydrogen ion concentration | base, alkaline
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| pH numbers ____ through ____ are acids, _____ is neutral, and bases are pH ____ through ____ | 1, 6, 7, 8, 14
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| ________________are used in the body to prevent pH fluctuations | buffers
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| _______________are classified as glycerides, sterols, and an assorted group containing vitamins | lipids
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| fatty acids can be _______________or _________________ | saturated or unsaturated
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| ________________are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides | carbohydrates
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| glucose, fructose, galactose, and mannose are common _______________________ | monosaccharides
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| sucrose, lactose, maltose, and cellobiose are common __________________ | disaccharides
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| _________________usually have structual or storage roles in organisms. | polysaccharides
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| glycogen, startch, cellulose, and mucopolysaccharides are common _______________ | polysaccharides
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| biochemicals must be eaten in the right amounts to maintain _________________ | homeostasis
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| ___________________is the ability to maintain body function and structure | homeostasis
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| _________________means the body is not getting the proper proportion of biochemicals | malnutrition
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| ___________________means that body is not getting all the biochemicals it needs to maintain homeostasis | undernutrition
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| _____________________is due to destruction of essential biochemicals | molecular aging
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| molecular aging is also called ____________ | senescence
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| other factors, such as _____________ and _____________________, cause molecular decay | oxidation and ultraviolet light
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| ___________________are chemicals that prevent or slow molecule decay due to oxidation | antioxidants
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| _______________is the study of matter or the composition of substances | chemistry
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| ______________is the ability to do work | energy
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| ______________is the basic unit of all substances that has mass and occupies space | matter
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| _____________chemistry is the study of molecules with a carbon structure | organic
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| ______________studies the organic chemicals making up living organisms | biochemistry
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| the two major components of an atom are the ________________ and _________________ | atomic nucleus, atomic orbitals
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| a ______________is the smallest unit of a substance made up of two or more atoms and that retains the characteristics of that substance | molecule
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| ____________bonds involve the sharing of atomic orbitals | covalent
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| ____________bonds represent a weak electrical attraction usually between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a molecule | hydrogen
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| _____________bonds are electrical attractions between two or more oppositely charged ions | ionic
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| a _________________is a molecule made up of different types of atoms | compound
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| A ________________is composed of two or more of the same type of atom | pure molecule
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| ______________molecules provide chemical reactions for a body | bioactive
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| ______________molecules are used for building body components | structural
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| ______________help molecules dissolve in water | hydroxyl
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| ______________are involved in the transfer of electrons | carbonyl
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| ______________are involved in the transfer of electrons and exchange of hydrogen ions | carboxyl
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| ______________are involved in the transfer of electrons and exchange of hydrogen ions | amino
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| ______________are involved in the capture of energy and release of energy | phosphate
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| _______________are involved in creating the structure of molecules | sulfhydryl
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| ________________molecules are a mirror image shape of molecules and they can interfere with the functioning of the chiral form used by organisms | chiral
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| a hydrogen ion ______________attracts hydrogen ions making a solution less acidic or more basic | acceptor
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| a hydrogen ion _____________releases hydrogen ions making a solution more acidic or less basic | donor
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| ____________refers to charged particles capable of dissolving in water | polar
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| _____________molecules are typically not charged and do not dissolve in water | nonpolar
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| a ________________is a single unit of a molecule | monomer
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| a ________________is composed of groups of monomers attached to each other by covalent bonds | polymer
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| ________________molecules are repelled by water and ten to dissolve in lipids | hydrophobic
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| ________________molecules dissolve in water and tend not to mix with lipids | hydrophilic
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| _____________primarily are bioactive molecules such as sex hormones | sterols
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| the _______________are a group of lipids that compose the bioactive molecules called vitamins | terpenoids
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| _____________ and _____________are types of carbohydrates used as a source of energy for the body | monosaccharides, disaccharides
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| _____________ type of monosaccharide, a major source of cell energy | glucose
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| _____________type of monosaccharide, a source of energy found in milk | galactose
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| _____________type of monosaccharide, a sugar that can be used for energy but plans an important role in fighting infections | mannose
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| a ___________________is the monomer unit of a peptide | amino acid
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| a typical _________________is composed of a pentose sugar attached to a nitrogen base and phosphate functional group | nucleotide
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| _________________store and transfer genetic information as well as are involved in the transfer of cell energy | nucleic acids
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| two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds form a ___________________ | molecule
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| small chains of amino acids form _____________, and larger chains form ____________ | peptides, proteins
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| _____________cannot be chemically broken down | element
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| _____________3-D dtructure of a protein | tertiary
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| _____________primary fat stored in the human body | triglyceride
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Created by:
Lauren G.
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