ap euro ch 7 terms to study
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| Hogarth | painted "Gin Lane"; he showed both the popularity and dangers of alcohol in the lives of Britain's working classes
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| Mountebank | someone who mounted a platform where he sold questionable remedies for various ills while keeping up a patter of jokes and stories
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| Patois | in French, a dialect that is not standard
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| "The World Turned Upside Down" | A common theme of carnivals where everyone does things backwards
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| Duke of Orleans | the French gov. was entrusted to him as regent of Louis XV; admitted greater power to the aristocracy (aristocratic resurgence)
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| Whigs | one of the two political parties in England; the gov. and Anglican Bishops who were close to gov. remained whigs in this time period
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| Tories | other political party in England; non-jurors and Scots; started counterrevolution; wanted return of Stuarts
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| James III | "the Pretender"; followers were known as Jacobites; wanted to be king of England; Stuart
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| John Law | financial wizard of France; Scot; Mississippi Company-soon absorbed the monopoly of all French colonial trade
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| Mississippi Bubble | John Law's system, in France, of money and stocks
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| Jacobites | James III's partisans; claimed that James III had the Divine Right of Kings and that if he gave up Catholicism he would be excepted into England as king
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| Cardinal Fleury | France's statesman that governed its "bubble; held office for two decades
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| George I | suported by Whigs; Hanoverian; King of England-friends and enemies believed him to be ridiculous and repulsive
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| Robert Walpole | England's statesman that governed its "bubble"; "quieta non movere"-let sleeping dogs lie
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| Mercantilism | economic system to increase a nation's wealth by gov. regulation of all the nation's commercial interests
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| East India companies | many were created during this time; all for trade across seas w/ America and others
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| Transatlantic Slave Trade | in 18th century, conducted by english-speaking interests; made economy boom
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| Plantation Economy | first established in sugar and later in cotton; brought Africa into foreground
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| Thomas Pitt | "Diamond Pitt"; interloper in India; only competetor to the Company; bought 410-carot diamond and eventually sold in to the king of France who put it in his crown
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| Bubble Act | it forbade all companies except those specifically chartered by the gov. to raise capital by the sale of stock
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| War of Jenkin's Ear | the opening hostilities between England and Spain that was eventually a part of the war of Austrian Succession
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| Frederick II | Frederick the Great; king of Prussia; no religion, writer, cynic
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| Maria Theresa | one of the most capable Habsburg rulers; 16 children; at war with Frederick II; ruled Silesia
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| Pragmatic Sanction | a general agreement signed by the European powers, including Prussia, that stipulated that all domains of the Austian Habsburgs should be inherited integrally by the new heiress, Maria Theresa
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| Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle | ended War of Austrian Succession; lesser power of all the strong European powers
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| George III | 1761; English ruler after Pitt
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| William Pitt | In the Seven Years War, he was the English leader; Earl of Chatham; man of wide vision and superb confidence
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| Dupleix | believed that the funds sent out by the company in Paris to finance the Indian trade were insufficient
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| Treaty of Paris 1763 | the British overseas empire triumphed over the French, Britain took Florida from Spain, French retained sugar islands and trading in India, and Britain proceeded to make its empire in India
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| Peace of Hubertusburg | Ausria and Prussia treaty; Prussia still major
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| Robert Clive | advanced British interests in India when the Seven Years War started; capture Bengal; "Black Hole of Calcutta"
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| Battle of Plassey | battle, after which, Clive forced himself into Bengal's throne
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| Diplomatic Revolution | "reversal of alliances"; 1756; after Seven Years War it went from France and Prussia against England and Austria to France and Austria against Prussia and England
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