Sight, Sound, Olfaction, Taste, Equillibrium
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| The eye contains ___% of all sensory receptors | 70
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| This structure lines the eyelids (2 words) | Palpebral conjunctiva
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| Lacrimal secretion | tears
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| What do tears drain into? (2 words) | Nasolacrimal duct
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| Tears, after entering the nasolacrimal duct, drain into the... | nose
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| Fluids within the cavity of the eye are collectively refered to as... | humors
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| Fibrous layer of eyes consists of the ___ and cornea | sclera
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| Transparent anterior of fibrous layer of eye | cornea
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| True or false? The cornea bends light entering the eye. | True
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| Vascular layer | Uvea
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| Three regions of uvea - choroid, ciliary body and ____. | iris
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| Supplies blood to all layers of eyeball | choroid
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| Ring of tissue surrounding lens, contains bundles of smooth muscle (2 words) | ciliary body
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| Controls shape of the lens (2 words) | ciliary muscles
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| Colored part of the eye | iris
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| Pupil is dilated in ___ vision and dim light | distant
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| Are dilated pupils small or large in diameter? | large
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| True or false? Your pupils dilate when you like something. | True
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| The sensory layer of the eye | Retina
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| The pigmented layer of the retina ____ light | absorbs
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| True or False? The outer layer of the retina is colorless. | False
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| The neural layer of the retina contains... | photoreceptors
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| The blind spot within the retina of the eye | optic disc
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| The optic disc is the area of the retina that lacks... | photoreceptors
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| Photoreceptors that provide fuzzy, non-color peripheral vision | rods
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| Rods are sensitive to what kind of light? | dim
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| True or False? Rods work best during the day. | False
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| Where in the retina are cones concentrated? (2 words) | Fovea centralis
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| Each cone has one of three pigments -- blue, green or ____. | red
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| The posterior segment of the eye contains ___ humor | vitreous
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| The anterior segment of the eye has how many chambers? | Two
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| Aqueous humor is found in the ___ segment of the eye. | anterior
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| A condition characterized by compression of the retina and optic nerve when aqueous humor drainage is blocked is called... | glaucoma
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| Structure that changes shape to focus light on the retina | lens
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| Clouding of the lens due to aging, smoking, etc. is called... | cataracts
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| True or false? The lens is flexible. | True
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| Bending of light ray when it passes from one transparent medium to another | refraction
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| The lens shape when focusing for distant vision | flat
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| The lens ___ when focusing for close vision | bulges
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| This happens when the lens changes shape to focus on an image | accommodation
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| nearsightedness | myopia
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| focal point within eye when a person has myopia | in front of retina (longer than normal eyeball)
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| focal point within eye when someone has hyperopia | behind retina (shorter than normal eyeball)
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| farsightedness | hyperopia
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| unequal curvatures in different parts of the cornea or lens causes this | astigmatism
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| This happens when you move from darkness into bright light (2 words) | light adaptation
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| Having two eyes provides ___ perception or 3D vision | depth
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| Taste buds are found on the tops of ___.(2 words) | fungiform papillae
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| Receptors that respond to chemicals in aqueous solution | chemoreceptors
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| What is the organ of smell? (2 words) | olfactory epithelium
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| Bundles of axons from olfactory receptor cells form what nerve? (2 words) | olfactory nerve
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| Odorant are dissolved and then bind to ___ ___ in the olfactory membranes | receptor proteins
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| This happens when Na+ and Ca2+ channels open and receptor membrane depolarizes | action potential
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| Receptor organs for sense of taste | taste buds
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| Papillae where taste buds are located -- fungiform, foliate, and ___. | circumvallate
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| taste cells (2 words) | gustatory cells
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| five basic taste sensations | sweet, sour, salt, bitter, umami
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| True or False? A chemical can't be tasted unless it's dissolved in saliva. | True
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| Binding of a food chemical to a taste cell causes the receptor to release a... | neurotransmitter
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| Which nerves are involved in the gustatory pathway to the brain? | Cranial nerves VII and IX
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| Impulses from the taste buds travel to the ___ ___ of the medulla | solitary nucleus
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| What area of the brain provides an appreciation for taste? | limbic system
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| Taste is ___% smell | 80
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| What types of receptors (other than chemoreceptors) are involved in appreciation of taste? (3 words) | thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, nociceptors
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| Three parts of the ear (3 words) | external, middle, internal
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| Parts of ear involved in hearing only (2 words) | external, middle
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| Internal ear functions in hearing and... | equilibrium
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| Anatomy of external ear includes the ___ and ___ | helix, lobule
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| The tympanic membrane is commonly refered to as the... | eardrum
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| The tympanic membrane transfers vibration from sounds to what structures? | bones of middle ear
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| Middle ear bones (3 words) | malleus, incus, stapes
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| Middle ear bones transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the... | oval window
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| The cochlea contains the hearing organ, called the... | organ of Corti
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| What structures in the spiral organ (of Corti) are stimulated by sound vibration? | stereocilia (hair cells)
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| Stereocilia release ___ when they bend due to vibration | neurotransmitter
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| Action potential firing (increases/decreases) in frequency when sound is loud | increases
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| Equilibrium receptors are found in the semicircular canals and ____. | vestibule
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| Static equilibrium is monitored by the ___ receptors | vestibular
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| Semicircular canal receptors monitor ____ equilibrium | dynamic
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| Sensory receptors for dynamic equilibrium are simulated by ____ movements | rotary
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| Sensory receptors for dynamic equilibrium in the semicircular canals(2 words) | crista ampullaris
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