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CH15 Special Senses
Sight, Sound, Olfaction, Taste, Equillibrium
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The eye contains ___% of all sensory receptors | 70 |
| This structure lines the eyelids (2 words) | Palpebral conjunctiva |
| Lacrimal secretion | tears |
| What do tears drain into? (2 words) | Nasolacrimal duct |
| Tears, after entering the nasolacrimal duct, drain into the... | nose |
| Fluids within the cavity of the eye are collectively refered to as... | humors |
| Fibrous layer of eyes consists of the ___ and cornea | sclera |
| Transparent anterior of fibrous layer of eye | cornea |
| True or false? The cornea bends light entering the eye. | True |
| Vascular layer | Uvea |
| Three regions of uvea - choroid, ciliary body and ____. | iris |
| Supplies blood to all layers of eyeball | choroid |
| Ring of tissue surrounding lens, contains bundles of smooth muscle (2 words) | ciliary body |
| Controls shape of the lens (2 words) | ciliary muscles |
| Colored part of the eye | iris |
| Pupil is dilated in ___ vision and dim light | distant |
| Are dilated pupils small or large in diameter? | large |
| True or false? Your pupils dilate when you like something. | True |
| The sensory layer of the eye | Retina |
| The pigmented layer of the retina ____ light | absorbs |
| True or False? The outer layer of the retina is colorless. | False |
| The neural layer of the retina contains... | photoreceptors |
| The blind spot within the retina of the eye | optic disc |
| The optic disc is the area of the retina that lacks... | photoreceptors |
| Photoreceptors that provide fuzzy, non-color peripheral vision | rods |
| Rods are sensitive to what kind of light? | dim |
| True or False? Rods work best during the day. | False |
| Where in the retina are cones concentrated? (2 words) | Fovea centralis |
| Each cone has one of three pigments -- blue, green or ____. | red |
| The posterior segment of the eye contains ___ humor | vitreous |
| The anterior segment of the eye has how many chambers? | Two |
| Aqueous humor is found in the ___ segment of the eye. | anterior |
| A condition characterized by compression of the retina and optic nerve when aqueous humor drainage is blocked is called... | glaucoma |
| Structure that changes shape to focus light on the retina | lens |
| Clouding of the lens due to aging, smoking, etc. is called... | cataracts |
| True or false? The lens is flexible. | True |
| Bending of light ray when it passes from one transparent medium to another | refraction |
| The lens shape when focusing for distant vision | flat |
| The lens ___ when focusing for close vision | bulges |
| This happens when the lens changes shape to focus on an image | accommodation |
| nearsightedness | myopia |
| focal point within eye when a person has myopia | in front of retina (longer than normal eyeball) |
| focal point within eye when someone has hyperopia | behind retina (shorter than normal eyeball) |
| farsightedness | hyperopia |
| unequal curvatures in different parts of the cornea or lens causes this | astigmatism |
| This happens when you move from darkness into bright light (2 words) | light adaptation |
| Having two eyes provides ___ perception or 3D vision | depth |
| Taste buds are found on the tops of ___.(2 words) | fungiform papillae |
| Receptors that respond to chemicals in aqueous solution | chemoreceptors |
| What is the organ of smell? (2 words) | olfactory epithelium |
| Bundles of axons from olfactory receptor cells form what nerve? (2 words) | olfactory nerve |
| Odorant are dissolved and then bind to ___ ___ in the olfactory membranes | receptor proteins |
| This happens when Na+ and Ca2+ channels open and receptor membrane depolarizes | action potential |
| Receptor organs for sense of taste | taste buds |
| Papillae where taste buds are located -- fungiform, foliate, and ___. | circumvallate |
| taste cells (2 words) | gustatory cells |
| five basic taste sensations | sweet, sour, salt, bitter, umami |
| True or False? A chemical can't be tasted unless it's dissolved in saliva. | True |
| Binding of a food chemical to a taste cell causes the receptor to release a... | neurotransmitter |
| Which nerves are involved in the gustatory pathway to the brain? | Cranial nerves VII and IX |
| Impulses from the taste buds travel to the ___ ___ of the medulla | solitary nucleus |
| What area of the brain provides an appreciation for taste? | limbic system |
| Taste is ___% smell | 80 |
| What types of receptors (other than chemoreceptors) are involved in appreciation of taste? (3 words) | thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, nociceptors |
| Three parts of the ear (3 words) | external, middle, internal |
| Parts of ear involved in hearing only (2 words) | external, middle |
| Internal ear functions in hearing and... | equilibrium |
| Anatomy of external ear includes the ___ and ___ | helix, lobule |
| The tympanic membrane is commonly refered to as the... | eardrum |
| The tympanic membrane transfers vibration from sounds to what structures? | bones of middle ear |
| Middle ear bones (3 words) | malleus, incus, stapes |
| Middle ear bones transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the... | oval window |
| The cochlea contains the hearing organ, called the... | organ of Corti |
| What structures in the spiral organ (of Corti) are stimulated by sound vibration? | stereocilia (hair cells) |
| Stereocilia release ___ when they bend due to vibration | neurotransmitter |
| Action potential firing (increases/decreases) in frequency when sound is loud | increases |
| Equilibrium receptors are found in the semicircular canals and ____. | vestibule |
| Static equilibrium is monitored by the ___ receptors | vestibular |
| Semicircular canal receptors monitor ____ equilibrium | dynamic |
| Sensory receptors for dynamic equilibrium are simulated by ____ movements | rotary |
| Sensory receptors for dynamic equilibrium in the semicircular canals(2 words) | crista ampullaris |
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