m6 Respiratory Vocab
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| What is apnea? | Cessation of breathing after expiration.
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| What is the primary branch of the trachea that leads to the lung? | The "Bronchus".
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| What is "cellular respiration"? | The utilization of 02 by the cells to produce energy(ATP), CO2, and H2O.
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| What do you call the echange of gases between alveoli and blood? | An "external respiration".
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| What is "hypoxemia"? | It is the deficiency of O2 in arterial blood.
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| What do you call the deficiency of O2 reaching cells and tissues? | Its called "Hypoxia".
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| What is "internal respiration"? | It is the exchange of gases between the blood and tissues(body cells).
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| What do you call the process of mechanically moving air into and out of the lungs? | Its called "Pulmonary Ventilation".
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| What is "Surface Tension"? | It is the force that adheres moist membranes due to the attraction of water molecules.
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| What are "Nasal Conchae"? | They are bones that curl out from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. Increases surface area as well as supports the mucous membrane which line the cavity.
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| Explain the "Mucous Membrane" that lines the nasal cavity. | It sontains pseudostratified ciliated epithelium rich in goblet cells(mucous secreting cells). It warms and mostens the air while cilia traps Debris.
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| What are the "Olfactory Receptor Cells"? | They are cells for smelling.
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| What do "Eustachian tubes" do? | They open into the nasopharynx. They provide a connection to the middle ear. It permits equalization between the external and middle ear.
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| What is the "Larynx" and what does it house? | It is your voice box and it houses your vocal chords.
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| What structure is lined with ciliated mucous membranes and goblet cells which filters air, traps particles, and move the debris toward the pharynx? Note: Its main purpose is to conduct air into the lungs. | The "Trachea".
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| At what level do the right and left primary bronchi come off the trachea? | The fifth thoracic vertebra.
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| How many branches do each primary bronchi divide into? | The right side has 3 branches, the left side has 2. Note: These are one for each lobe of the lung.
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| What causes "asthma" and other respiratory problems? | The spasm and constriction of the muscles in the bronchi and bronchioles.
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| Where does "gas exchange" take place? | In the alveoli.
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| How does an "Alveoli" work? | 02 diffuses through the walls of the alveoli. O2 diffuses into the capillary blood and CO2 diffused out.
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| When do "Alveoli" inflate? | During inhalation. During exhalation they deflate.
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| What is "Surfactant"? | It reduces the surface tension in the alveoli making it easier to expand them during inhalation and preventing sticking during exhalation. This substance is synthesized by certain alveolar cells.
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| What are the sizes of the lungs compared to eachother? | The right lung is thicker and broader, but somewhat shorter because the diaphragm is higher on the right side to accomodate the liver.
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| Which way does the "diaphragm" conract and move? | Downward.
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| What happens to a patient with a spinal chord above nerve C-3? | Paralysis of inspiratory muscles.
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| (TV) Tidal Volume | normal breath volume. 500 mL.
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| (IRV) Inspiratory Reserve Volume | The amount of air that can be inspired beyond normal tidal volume. 3000-3300 mL.
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| (RV) Residual Volume | This is the amount of air remaining in your lungs after maximum forced expiration. 100 mL.
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| (ERV) Expiratory Reserve Volume | Max air that can be expired beyond normal tidal expiration during forced expiration. 1100-1200 mL.
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| Vital Capacity | (TV) + (IRV) + (ERV). Max air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible)
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| Location of the respiratory center | The Medulla Oblongata which is located in brainstem.
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| The Pons | The pneumotaxic area and responsible for rate of breathing.
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| What are 3 factors that cause increased release of O2 from the oxyhemoglobin? | 1. Higher concentration of CO2 in blood. 2. Higher body temperature. 3. The lower the pH(more acidic).
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| Which fluid has higher partial pressure for CO2 and lower partial pressure for O2? | Venous Capillary Blood
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